[{"issue":"1","publication":"Physical Review A","department":[{"_id":"799"}],"type":"journal_article","date_created":"2026-01-18T18:08:18Z","article_type":"original","intvolume":"       113","publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2026-01-18T18:15:01Z","author":[{"full_name":"Ares, Laura","first_name":"Laura","last_name":"Ares"},{"last_name":"Pinske","first_name":"Julien","full_name":"Pinske, Julien"},{"id":"99427","full_name":"Hinrichs, Benjamin","last_name":"Hinrichs","orcid":"0000-0001-9074-1205","first_name":"Benjamin"},{"first_name":"Martin","last_name":"Kolb","full_name":"Kolb, Martin","id":"48880"},{"full_name":"Sperling, Jan","last_name":"Sperling","first_name":"Jan","orcid":"0000-0002-5844-3205","id":"75127"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2469-9926","2469-9934"]},"title":"Restricted Monte Carlo wave-function method and Lindblad equation for identifying entangling open-quantum-system dynamics","year":"2026","doi":"10.1103/hcj7-8zlg","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"article_number":"012220","project":[{"_id":"266","name":"PhoQC: Photonisches Quantencomputing"},{"name":"TRR 142 ; TP: C10: Erzeugung und Charakterisierung von Quantenlicht in nichtlinearen Systemen: Eine theoretische Analyse","_id":"174"}],"citation":{"ama":"Ares L, Pinske J, Hinrichs B, Kolb M, Sperling J. Restricted Monte Carlo wave-function method and Lindblad equation for identifying entangling open-quantum-system dynamics. <i>Physical Review A</i>. 2026;113(1). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/hcj7-8zlg\">10.1103/hcj7-8zlg</a>","bibtex":"@article{Ares_Pinske_Hinrichs_Kolb_Sperling_2026, title={Restricted Monte Carlo wave-function method and Lindblad equation for identifying entangling open-quantum-system dynamics}, volume={113}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/hcj7-8zlg\">10.1103/hcj7-8zlg</a>}, number={1012220}, journal={Physical Review A}, publisher={American Physical Society (APS)}, author={Ares, Laura and Pinske, Julien and Hinrichs, Benjamin and Kolb, Martin and Sperling, Jan}, year={2026} }","mla":"Ares, Laura, et al. “Restricted Monte Carlo Wave-Function Method and Lindblad Equation for Identifying Entangling Open-Quantum-System Dynamics.” <i>Physical Review A</i>, vol. 113, no. 1, 012220, American Physical Society (APS), 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/hcj7-8zlg\">10.1103/hcj7-8zlg</a>.","short":"L. Ares, J. Pinske, B. Hinrichs, M. Kolb, J. Sperling, Physical Review A 113 (2026).","chicago":"Ares, Laura, Julien Pinske, Benjamin Hinrichs, Martin Kolb, and Jan Sperling. “Restricted Monte Carlo Wave-Function Method and Lindblad Equation for Identifying Entangling Open-Quantum-System Dynamics.” <i>Physical Review A</i> 113, no. 1 (2026). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/hcj7-8zlg\">https://doi.org/10.1103/hcj7-8zlg</a>.","apa":"Ares, L., Pinske, J., Hinrichs, B., Kolb, M., &#38; Sperling, J. (2026). Restricted Monte Carlo wave-function method and Lindblad equation for identifying entangling open-quantum-system dynamics. <i>Physical Review A</i>, <i>113</i>(1), Article 012220. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/hcj7-8zlg\">https://doi.org/10.1103/hcj7-8zlg</a>","ieee":"L. Ares, J. Pinske, B. Hinrichs, M. Kolb, and J. Sperling, “Restricted Monte Carlo wave-function method and Lindblad equation for identifying entangling open-quantum-system dynamics,” <i>Physical Review A</i>, vol. 113, no. 1, Art. no. 012220, 2026, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/hcj7-8zlg\">10.1103/hcj7-8zlg</a>."},"external_id":{"arxiv":["2412.08735"]},"status":"public","volume":113,"user_id":"99427","publisher":"American Physical Society (APS)","_id":"63656"},{"doi":"10.1103/kd3b-bfxq","article_number":"L010403","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2026-01-18T18:15:26Z","article_type":"letter_note","intvolume":"       113","title":"Separability Lindblad equation for dynamical open-system entanglement","year":"2026","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2469-9926","2469-9934"]},"author":[{"full_name":"Pinske, Julien","last_name":"Pinske","first_name":"Julien"},{"last_name":"Ares","first_name":"Laura","full_name":"Ares, Laura"},{"first_name":"Benjamin","orcid":"0000-0001-9074-1205","last_name":"Hinrichs","full_name":"Hinrichs, Benjamin","id":"99427"},{"id":"48880","full_name":"Kolb, Martin","last_name":"Kolb","first_name":"Martin"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-5844-3205","last_name":"Sperling","first_name":"Jan","full_name":"Sperling, Jan","id":"75127"}],"type":"journal_article","department":[{"_id":"799"}],"date_created":"2026-01-18T18:11:27Z","publication":"Physical Review A","issue":"1","user_id":"99427","volume":113,"publisher":"American Physical Society (APS)","_id":"63657","status":"public","external_id":{"arxiv":["2412.08724"]},"project":[{"name":"PhoQC: Photonisches Quantencomputing","_id":"266"},{"name":"TRR 142 ; TP: C10: Erzeugung und Charakterisierung von Quantenlicht in nichtlinearen Systemen: Eine theoretische Analyse","_id":"174"}],"citation":{"mla":"Pinske, Julien, et al. “Separability Lindblad Equation for Dynamical Open-System Entanglement.” <i>Physical Review A</i>, vol. 113, no. 1, L010403, American Physical Society (APS), 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/kd3b-bfxq\">10.1103/kd3b-bfxq</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Pinske_Ares_Hinrichs_Kolb_Sperling_2026, title={Separability Lindblad equation for dynamical open-system entanglement}, volume={113}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/kd3b-bfxq\">10.1103/kd3b-bfxq</a>}, number={1L010403}, journal={Physical Review A}, publisher={American Physical Society (APS)}, author={Pinske, Julien and Ares, Laura and Hinrichs, Benjamin and Kolb, Martin and Sperling, Jan}, year={2026} }","ama":"Pinske J, Ares L, Hinrichs B, Kolb M, Sperling J. Separability Lindblad equation for dynamical open-system entanglement. <i>Physical Review A</i>. 2026;113(1). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/kd3b-bfxq\">10.1103/kd3b-bfxq</a>","ieee":"J. Pinske, L. Ares, B. Hinrichs, M. Kolb, and J. Sperling, “Separability Lindblad equation for dynamical open-system entanglement,” <i>Physical Review A</i>, vol. 113, no. 1, Art. no. L010403, 2026, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/kd3b-bfxq\">10.1103/kd3b-bfxq</a>.","apa":"Pinske, J., Ares, L., Hinrichs, B., Kolb, M., &#38; Sperling, J. (2026). Separability Lindblad equation for dynamical open-system entanglement. <i>Physical Review A</i>, <i>113</i>(1), Article L010403. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/kd3b-bfxq\">https://doi.org/10.1103/kd3b-bfxq</a>","short":"J. Pinske, L. Ares, B. Hinrichs, M. Kolb, J. Sperling, Physical Review A 113 (2026).","chicago":"Pinske, Julien, Laura Ares, Benjamin Hinrichs, Martin Kolb, and Jan Sperling. “Separability Lindblad Equation for Dynamical Open-System Entanglement.” <i>Physical Review A</i> 113, no. 1 (2026). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/kd3b-bfxq\">https://doi.org/10.1103/kd3b-bfxq</a>."}},{"date_created":"2026-05-07T07:00:08Z","type":"journal_article","department":[{"_id":"623"},{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"170"},{"_id":"706"},{"_id":"429"}],"issue":"5","publication":"Physical Review Applied","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"<jats:p>For the ever-growing field of quantum information processing, large-scale, efficient multiport interferometers serving as photonic processors are required. In this context, the suitability of quantum walks as the interferometric base for universal computation has been theoretically proven. In this work, we bridge the gap between theoretical proposals and state-of-the-art experimental capabilities by providing the recipe for the implementation of a universal photonic processor in discrete-time quantum walks. Specifically, we present the protocol for translating arbitrary linear transformations into the coin and step operator of a quantum walk and map these to the experimental parameters of the established time-multiplexed platform [A. Schreiber , Phys. Rev. Lett. , 050502 (2010)]. We show that our interface is highly scalable and resource efficient due to the hybrid encoding consisting of multiple degrees of freedom. Finally, we prove that our system is highly resilient against experimental imperfections and show that it compares favorably against existing architectures.</jats:p>"}],"article_number":"054011","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1103/x99y-2sms","year":"2026","title":"Resource-efficient universal photonic processors based on time-multiplexed hybrid architectures","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2331-7019"]},"author":[{"first_name":"Jonas","last_name":"Lammers","full_name":"Lammers, Jonas"},{"full_name":"Ares, Laura","first_name":"Laura","last_name":"Ares"},{"id":"88928","first_name":"Federico","last_name":"Pegoraro","full_name":"Pegoraro, Federico"},{"id":"68236","first_name":"Philip","last_name":"Held","full_name":"Held, Philip"},{"id":"27150","orcid":"0000-0003-4140-0556 ","first_name":"Benjamin","last_name":"Brecht","full_name":"Brecht, Benjamin"},{"last_name":"Sperling","first_name":"Jan","orcid":"0000-0002-5844-3205","full_name":"Sperling, Jan","id":"75127"},{"id":"26263","full_name":"Silberhorn, Christine","first_name":"Christine","last_name":"Silberhorn"}],"publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2026-05-07T07:01:09Z","intvolume":"        25","citation":{"apa":"Lammers, J., Ares, L., Pegoraro, F., Held, P., Brecht, B., Sperling, J., &#38; Silberhorn, C. (2026). Resource-efficient universal photonic processors based on time-multiplexed hybrid architectures. <i>Physical Review Applied</i>, <i>25</i>(5), Article 054011. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/x99y-2sms\">https://doi.org/10.1103/x99y-2sms</a>","ieee":"J. Lammers <i>et al.</i>, “Resource-efficient universal photonic processors based on time-multiplexed hybrid architectures,” <i>Physical Review Applied</i>, vol. 25, no. 5, Art. no. 054011, 2026, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/x99y-2sms\">10.1103/x99y-2sms</a>.","short":"J. Lammers, L. Ares, F. Pegoraro, P. Held, B. Brecht, J. Sperling, C. Silberhorn, Physical Review Applied 25 (2026).","chicago":"Lammers, Jonas, Laura Ares, Federico Pegoraro, Philip Held, Benjamin Brecht, Jan Sperling, and Christine Silberhorn. “Resource-Efficient Universal Photonic Processors Based on Time-Multiplexed Hybrid Architectures.” <i>Physical Review Applied</i> 25, no. 5 (2026). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/x99y-2sms\">https://doi.org/10.1103/x99y-2sms</a>.","mla":"Lammers, Jonas, et al. “Resource-Efficient Universal Photonic Processors Based on Time-Multiplexed Hybrid Architectures.” <i>Physical Review Applied</i>, vol. 25, no. 5, 054011, American Physical Society (APS), 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/x99y-2sms\">10.1103/x99y-2sms</a>.","ama":"Lammers J, Ares L, Pegoraro F, et al. Resource-efficient universal photonic processors based on time-multiplexed hybrid architectures. <i>Physical Review Applied</i>. 2026;25(5). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/x99y-2sms\">10.1103/x99y-2sms</a>","bibtex":"@article{Lammers_Ares_Pegoraro_Held_Brecht_Sperling_Silberhorn_2026, title={Resource-efficient universal photonic processors based on time-multiplexed hybrid architectures}, volume={25}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/x99y-2sms\">10.1103/x99y-2sms</a>}, number={5054011}, journal={Physical Review Applied}, publisher={American Physical Society (APS)}, author={Lammers, Jonas and Ares, Laura and Pegoraro, Federico and Held, Philip and Brecht, Benjamin and Sperling, Jan and Silberhorn, Christine}, year={2026} }"},"publisher":"American Physical Society (APS)","_id":"65575","user_id":"75127","volume":25,"status":"public"},{"citation":{"apa":"Pinske, J., Sperling, J., &#38; Mølmer, K. (2026). Entangling power of nonentangling channels. <i>Physical Review A</i>, <i>113</i>(5), Article 052413. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/vy93-dnc8\">https://doi.org/10.1103/vy93-dnc8</a>","mla":"Pinske, Julien, et al. “Entangling Power of Nonentangling Channels.” <i>Physical Review A</i>, vol. 113, no. 5, 052413, American Physical Society (APS), 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/vy93-dnc8\">10.1103/vy93-dnc8</a>.","ieee":"J. Pinske, J. Sperling, and K. Mølmer, “Entangling power of nonentangling channels,” <i>Physical Review A</i>, vol. 113, no. 5, Art. no. 052413, 2026, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/vy93-dnc8\">10.1103/vy93-dnc8</a>.","short":"J. Pinske, J. Sperling, K. Mølmer, Physical Review A 113 (2026).","ama":"Pinske J, Sperling J, Mølmer K. Entangling power of nonentangling channels. <i>Physical Review A</i>. 2026;113(5). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/vy93-dnc8\">10.1103/vy93-dnc8</a>","chicago":"Pinske, Julien, Jan Sperling, and Klaus Mølmer. “Entangling Power of Nonentangling Channels.” <i>Physical Review A</i> 113, no. 5 (2026). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/vy93-dnc8\">https://doi.org/10.1103/vy93-dnc8</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Pinske_Sperling_Mølmer_2026, title={Entangling power of nonentangling channels}, volume={113}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/vy93-dnc8\">10.1103/vy93-dnc8</a>}, number={5052413}, journal={Physical Review A}, publisher={American Physical Society (APS)}, author={Pinske, Julien and Sperling, Jan and Mølmer, Klaus}, year={2026} }"},"volume":113,"user_id":"75127","_id":"65574","publisher":"American Physical Society (APS)","status":"public","department":[{"_id":"623"},{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"170"},{"_id":"706"},{"_id":"429"}],"type":"journal_article","date_created":"2026-05-07T06:57:10Z","issue":"5","publication":"Physical Review A","doi":"10.1103/vy93-dnc8","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"article_number":"052413","intvolume":"       113","date_updated":"2026-05-07T06:58:39Z","publication_status":"published","author":[{"last_name":"Pinske","first_name":"Julien","full_name":"Pinske, Julien"},{"full_name":"Sperling, Jan","last_name":"Sperling","first_name":"Jan","orcid":"0000-0002-5844-3205","id":"75127"},{"full_name":"Mølmer, Klaus","first_name":"Klaus","last_name":"Mølmer"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2469-9926","2469-9934"]},"year":"2026","title":"Entangling power of nonentangling channels"},{"citation":{"ama":"Offen C, Wembe Moafo BE, Ares L, Sperling J, Ober-Blöbaum S. Numerical approaches to entangling dynamics from variational principles. <i>Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical</i>. 2026;59(22). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/1751-8121/ae6d51\">10.1088/1751-8121/ae6d51</a>","bibtex":"@article{Offen_Wembe Moafo_Ares_Sperling_Ober-Blöbaum_2026, title={Numerical approaches to entangling dynamics from variational principles}, volume={59}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/1751-8121/ae6d51\">10.1088/1751-8121/ae6d51</a>}, number={22225303}, journal={Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical}, publisher={IOP Publishing}, author={Offen, Christian and Wembe Moafo, Boris Edgar and Ares, Laura and Sperling, Jan and Ober-Blöbaum, Sina}, year={2026} }","mla":"Offen, Christian, et al. “Numerical Approaches to Entangling Dynamics from Variational Principles.” <i>Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical</i>, vol. 59, no. 22, 225303, IOP Publishing, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/1751-8121/ae6d51\">10.1088/1751-8121/ae6d51</a>.","short":"C. Offen, B.E. Wembe Moafo, L. Ares, J. Sperling, S. Ober-Blöbaum, Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical 59 (2026).","chicago":"Offen, Christian, Boris Edgar Wembe Moafo, Laura Ares, Jan Sperling, and Sina Ober-Blöbaum. “Numerical Approaches to Entangling Dynamics from Variational Principles.” <i>Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical</i> 59, no. 22 (2026). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/1751-8121/ae6d51\">https://doi.org/10.1088/1751-8121/ae6d51</a>.","apa":"Offen, C., Wembe Moafo, B. E., Ares, L., Sperling, J., &#38; Ober-Blöbaum, S. (2026). Numerical approaches to entangling dynamics from variational principles. <i>Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical</i>, <i>59</i>(22), Article 225303. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/1751-8121/ae6d51\">https://doi.org/10.1088/1751-8121/ae6d51</a>","ieee":"C. Offen, B. E. Wembe Moafo, L. Ares, J. Sperling, and S. Ober-Blöbaum, “Numerical approaches to entangling dynamics from variational principles,” <i>Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical</i>, vol. 59, no. 22, Art. no. 225303, 2026, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1088/1751-8121/ae6d51\">10.1088/1751-8121/ae6d51</a>."},"volume":59,"user_id":"75127","_id":"65777","publisher":"IOP Publishing","status":"public","department":[{"_id":"623"},{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"170"},{"_id":"706"},{"_id":"429"}],"type":"journal_article","date_created":"2026-06-05T07:37:43Z","abstract":[{"text":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\r\n                  <jats:p>In this work, we address the numerical identification of entanglement in dynamical scenarios. To this end, we consider different programs based on the restriction of the evolution to the set of separable (i.e., non-entangled) states, together with the discretization of the space of variables for numerical computations. As a first approach, we apply linear splitting methods to the restricted, continuous equations of motion derived from variational principles. We utilize an exchange interaction Hamiltonian to confirm that the numerical and analytical solutions coincide in the limit of small time steps. The application to different Hamiltonians shows the wide applicability of the method to detect dynamical entanglement. To avoid the derivation of analytical solutions for complex dynamics, we consider variational, numerical integration schemes, introducing a variational discretization for Lagrangians linear in velocities. Here, we examine and compare two approaches: one in which the system is discretized before the restriction is applied, and another in which the restriction precedes the discretization. We find that the ‘first-discretize-then-restrict’ method becomes numerically unstable, already for the example of an exchange-interaction Hamiltonian, which can be an important consideration for the numerical analysis of constrained quantum dynamics. Thereby, broadly applicable numerical tools, including their limitations, for studying entanglement over time are established for assessing the entangling power of processes that are used in quantum information theory.</jats:p>","lang":"eng"}],"publication":"Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical","issue":"22","doi":"10.1088/1751-8121/ae6d51","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"article_number":"225303","intvolume":"        59","publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2026-06-05T07:38:44Z","author":[{"full_name":"Offen, Christian","last_name":"Offen","first_name":"Christian"},{"id":"95394","full_name":"Wembe Moafo, Boris Edgar","orcid":"0000-0002-6085-8071","first_name":"Boris Edgar","last_name":"Wembe Moafo"},{"first_name":"Laura","last_name":"Ares","full_name":"Ares, Laura"},{"id":"75127","last_name":"Sperling","orcid":"0000-0002-5844-3205","first_name":"Jan","full_name":"Sperling, Jan"},{"id":"16494","full_name":"Ober-Blöbaum, Sina","last_name":"Ober-Blöbaum","first_name":"Sina"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["1751-8113","1751-8121"]},"title":"Numerical approaches to entangling dynamics from variational principles","year":"2026"},{"status":"public","_id":"66640","publisher":"American Physical Society (APS)","user_id":"75127","volume":8,"citation":{"chicago":"Aßbrock, Tim, Jan Sperling, and Laura Ares. “Quantum Speedup from Nonclassical Polarization.” <i>Physical Review Research</i> 8, no. 3 (2026). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/mflc-2mzq\">https://doi.org/10.1103/mflc-2mzq</a>.","short":"T. Aßbrock, J. Sperling, L. Ares, Physical Review Research 8 (2026).","apa":"Aßbrock, T., Sperling, J., &#38; Ares, L. (2026). Quantum speedup from nonclassical polarization. <i>Physical Review Research</i>, <i>8</i>(3), Article L032018. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/mflc-2mzq\">https://doi.org/10.1103/mflc-2mzq</a>","ieee":"T. Aßbrock, J. Sperling, and L. Ares, “Quantum speedup from nonclassical polarization,” <i>Physical Review Research</i>, vol. 8, no. 3, Art. no. L032018, 2026, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/mflc-2mzq\">10.1103/mflc-2mzq</a>.","ama":"Aßbrock T, Sperling J, Ares L. Quantum speedup from nonclassical polarization. <i>Physical Review Research</i>. 2026;8(3). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/mflc-2mzq\">10.1103/mflc-2mzq</a>","bibtex":"@article{Aßbrock_Sperling_Ares_2026, title={Quantum speedup from nonclassical polarization}, volume={8}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/mflc-2mzq\">10.1103/mflc-2mzq</a>}, number={3L032018}, journal={Physical Review Research}, publisher={American Physical Society (APS)}, author={Aßbrock, Tim and Sperling, Jan and Ares, Laura}, year={2026} }","mla":"Aßbrock, Tim, et al. “Quantum Speedup from Nonclassical Polarization.” <i>Physical Review Research</i>, vol. 8, no. 3, L032018, American Physical Society (APS), 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/mflc-2mzq\">10.1103/mflc-2mzq</a>."},"title":"Quantum speedup from nonclassical polarization","year":"2026","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2643-1564"]},"author":[{"last_name":"Aßbrock","first_name":"Tim","full_name":"Aßbrock, Tim"},{"id":"75127","full_name":"Sperling, Jan","orcid":"0000-0002-5844-3205","first_name":"Jan","last_name":"Sperling"},{"full_name":"Ares, Laura","first_name":"Laura","last_name":"Ares"}],"publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2026-08-03T16:28:48Z","intvolume":"         8","article_number":"L032018","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1103/mflc-2mzq","publication":"Physical Review Research","issue":"3","abstract":[{"text":"<jats:p>\r\n                    We develop a framework for identifying nonclassical speedups in systems with polarization, likewise spin degrees of freedom. By confining the dynamics to the manifold of angular momentum coherent states, which act as the classical reference in this case, we compute the speed limit that bounds the rate of change of the state achievable without generating quantum coherence. A comparison with the unrestricted quantum speed limit enables the quantitative identification of speedups arising from polarization nonclassicality. We apply this framework to the cross-Kerr interaction, demonstrating a persistent speedup scaling as\r\n                    <a:math xmlns:a=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\">\r\n                      <a:mrow>\r\n                        <a:mi mathvariant=\"script\">O</a:mi>\r\n                        <a:mo>(</a:mo>\r\n                        <a:msqrt>\r\n                          <a:mi>N</a:mi>\r\n                        </a:msqrt>\r\n                        <a:mo>)</a:mo>\r\n                      </a:mrow>\r\n                    </a:math>\r\n                    with the photon number\r\n                    <c:math xmlns:c=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\">\r\n                      <c:mi>N</c:mi>\r\n                    </c:math>\r\n                    , with a parity effect in favor of even photon numbers. The results establish polarization nonclassicality as a genuine dynamical resource, linking quantum coherence to quantum-enhanced evolution speeds in nonlinear photonic systems.\r\n                  </jats:p>","lang":"eng"}],"date_created":"2026-08-03T16:26:49Z","type":"journal_article","department":[{"_id":"623"},{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"170"},{"_id":"706"}]},{"publication":"Physical Review A","issue":"3","department":[{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"170"},{"_id":"297"},{"_id":"706"},{"_id":"35"},{"_id":"230"},{"_id":"623"},{"_id":"429"}],"type":"journal_article","date_created":"2025-09-12T10:37:34Z","intvolume":"       111","date_updated":"2025-09-12T10:42:16Z","publication_status":"published","author":[{"id":"63631","full_name":"Barkhausen, Franziska","last_name":"Barkhausen","first_name":"Franziska"},{"full_name":"Ares Santos, Laura","last_name":"Ares Santos","first_name":"Laura"},{"id":"27271","full_name":"Schumacher, Stefan","first_name":"Stefan","orcid":"0000-0003-4042-4951","last_name":"Schumacher"},{"id":"75127","first_name":"Jan","last_name":"Sperling","orcid":"0000-0002-5844-3205","full_name":"Sperling, Jan"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2469-9926","2469-9934"]},"year":"2025","title":"Entanglement between dependent degrees of freedom: Quasiparticle correlations","doi":"10.1103/physreva.111.032404","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"article_number":"032404","project":[{"_id":"53","name":"TRR 142: Maßgeschneiderte nichtlineare Photonik: Von grundlegenden Konzepten zu funktionellen Strukturen"},{"name":"TRR 142 - Project Area A","_id":"54"},{"name":"TRR 142 - Project Area C","_id":"56"},{"_id":"61","name":"TRR 142; TP A04: Nichtlineare Quantenprozesstomographie und Photonik mit Polaritonen in Mikrokavitäten"},{"_id":"174","name":"TRR 142 ; TP: C10: Erzeugung und Charakterisierung von Quantenlicht in nichtlinearen Systemen: Eine theoretische Analyse"},{"name":"PhoQC: Photonisches Quantencomputing","_id":"266"}],"citation":{"bibtex":"@article{Barkhausen_Ares Santos_Schumacher_Sperling_2025, title={Entanglement between dependent degrees of freedom: Quasiparticle correlations}, volume={111}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.111.032404\">10.1103/physreva.111.032404</a>}, number={3032404}, journal={Physical Review A}, publisher={American Physical Society (APS)}, author={Barkhausen, Franziska and Ares Santos, Laura and Schumacher, Stefan and Sperling, Jan}, year={2025} }","ama":"Barkhausen F, Ares Santos L, Schumacher S, Sperling J. Entanglement between dependent degrees of freedom: Quasiparticle correlations. <i>Physical Review A</i>. 2025;111(3). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.111.032404\">10.1103/physreva.111.032404</a>","mla":"Barkhausen, Franziska, et al. “Entanglement between Dependent Degrees of Freedom: Quasiparticle Correlations.” <i>Physical Review A</i>, vol. 111, no. 3, 032404, American Physical Society (APS), 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.111.032404\">10.1103/physreva.111.032404</a>.","short":"F. Barkhausen, L. Ares Santos, S. Schumacher, J. Sperling, Physical Review A 111 (2025).","chicago":"Barkhausen, Franziska, Laura Ares Santos, Stefan Schumacher, and Jan Sperling. “Entanglement between Dependent Degrees of Freedom: Quasiparticle Correlations.” <i>Physical Review A</i> 111, no. 3 (2025). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.111.032404\">https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.111.032404</a>.","ieee":"F. Barkhausen, L. Ares Santos, S. Schumacher, and J. Sperling, “Entanglement between dependent degrees of freedom: Quasiparticle correlations,” <i>Physical Review A</i>, vol. 111, no. 3, Art. no. 032404, 2025, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.111.032404\">10.1103/physreva.111.032404</a>.","apa":"Barkhausen, F., Ares Santos, L., Schumacher, S., &#38; Sperling, J. (2025). Entanglement between dependent degrees of freedom: Quasiparticle correlations. <i>Physical Review A</i>, <i>111</i>(3), Article 032404. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.111.032404\">https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.111.032404</a>"},"status":"public","volume":111,"user_id":"16199","_id":"61245","publisher":"American Physical Society (APS)"},{"year":"2025","status":"public","title":"Sensitivity and Topology of Exceptional Rings in Nonlinear Non-Hermitian Planar Optical Microcavities","author":[{"last_name":"Wingenbach","first_name":"Jan","full_name":"Wingenbach, Jan","id":"69187"},{"first_name":"Laura ","last_name":"Ares Santos","full_name":"Ares Santos, Laura "},{"id":"59416","first_name":"Xuekai","last_name":"Ma","full_name":"Ma, Xuekai"},{"full_name":"Sperling, Jan","first_name":"Jan","orcid":"0000-0002-5844-3205","last_name":"Sperling","id":"75127"},{"id":"27271","first_name":"Stefan","orcid":"0000-0003-4042-4951","last_name":"Schumacher","full_name":"Schumacher, Stefan"}],"date_updated":"2025-12-05T13:55:48Z","publisher":"Arxiv","_id":"60992","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"user_id":"16199","doi":"10.48550/ARXIV.2507.07099","publication":"Arxiv","citation":{"mla":"Wingenbach, Jan, et al. “Sensitivity and Topology of Exceptional Rings in Nonlinear Non-Hermitian Planar Optical Microcavities.” <i>Arxiv</i>, Arxiv, 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.2507.07099\">10.48550/ARXIV.2507.07099</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Wingenbach_Ares Santos_Ma_Sperling_Schumacher_2025, title={Sensitivity and Topology of Exceptional Rings in Nonlinear Non-Hermitian Planar Optical Microcavities}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.2507.07099\">10.48550/ARXIV.2507.07099</a>}, journal={Arxiv}, publisher={Arxiv}, author={Wingenbach, Jan and Ares Santos, Laura  and Ma, Xuekai and Sperling, Jan and Schumacher, Stefan}, year={2025} }","ama":"Wingenbach J, Ares Santos L, Ma X, Sperling J, Schumacher S. Sensitivity and Topology of Exceptional Rings in Nonlinear Non-Hermitian Planar Optical Microcavities. <i>Arxiv</i>. Published online 2025. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.2507.07099\">10.48550/ARXIV.2507.07099</a>","ieee":"J. Wingenbach, L. Ares Santos, X. Ma, J. Sperling, and S. Schumacher, “Sensitivity and Topology of Exceptional Rings in Nonlinear Non-Hermitian Planar Optical Microcavities,” <i>Arxiv</i>, 2025, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.2507.07099\">10.48550/ARXIV.2507.07099</a>.","apa":"Wingenbach, J., Ares Santos, L., Ma, X., Sperling, J., &#38; Schumacher, S. (2025). Sensitivity and Topology of Exceptional Rings in Nonlinear Non-Hermitian Planar Optical Microcavities. <i>Arxiv</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.2507.07099\">https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.2507.07099</a>","short":"J. Wingenbach, L. Ares Santos, X. Ma, J. Sperling, S. Schumacher, Arxiv (2025).","chicago":"Wingenbach, Jan, Laura  Ares Santos, Xuekai Ma, Jan Sperling, and Stefan Schumacher. “Sensitivity and Topology of Exceptional Rings in Nonlinear Non-Hermitian Planar Optical Microcavities.” <i>Arxiv</i>, 2025. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.2507.07099\">https://doi.org/10.48550/ARXIV.2507.07099</a>."},"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"Non-Hermitian systems hosting exceptional points (EPs) exhibit enhanced sensitivity and unconventional mode dynamics. Going beyond isolated EPs, here we report on the existence of exceptional rings (ERs) in planar optical resonators with specific form of circular dichroism and TE-TM splitting. Such exceptional rings possess intriguing topologies as discussed earlier for condensed matter systems, but they remain virtually unexplored in presence of nonlinearity, for which our photonic platform is ideal. We find that when Kerr-type nonlinearity (or saturable gain) is introduced, the linear ER splits into two concentric ERs, with the larger-radius ring being a ring of third-order EPs. Transitioning from linear to nonlinear regime, we present a rigorous analysis of spectral topology and report enhanced and adjustable perturbation response in the nonlinear regime. Whereas certain features are specific to our system, the results on non-Hermitian spectral topology and nonlinearity-enhanced perturbation response are generic and equally relevant to a broad class of other nonlinear non-Hermitian systems, providing a universal framework for engineering ERs and EPs in nonlinear non-Hermitian systems."}],"project":[{"_id":"52","name":"Computing Resources Provided by the Paderborn Center for Parallel Computing"},{"name":"TRR 142: Maßgeschneiderte nichtlineare Photonik: Von grundlegenden Konzepten zu funktionellen Strukturen","_id":"53"},{"_id":"174","name":"TRR 142 ; TP: C10: Erzeugung und Charakterisierung von Quantenlicht in nichtlinearen Systemen: Eine theoretische Analyse"},{"name":"TRR 142 - Project Area C","_id":"56"}],"date_created":"2025-08-25T11:15:22Z","type":"journal_article","department":[{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"170"},{"_id":"297"},{"_id":"706"},{"_id":"705"},{"_id":"35"},{"_id":"230"},{"_id":"429"},{"_id":"27"}]},{"date_created":"2025-12-09T09:08:39Z","department":[{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"569"},{"_id":"170"},{"_id":"293"},{"_id":"706"},{"_id":"636"},{"_id":"35"},{"_id":"230"},{"_id":"429"},{"_id":"623"}],"type":"journal_article","publication":"Physical Review Research","issue":"3","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"<jats:p>We introduce a new classification of multimode states with a fixed number of photons. This classification is based on the factorizability of homogeneous multivariate polynomials and is invariant under unitary transformations. The classes physically correspond to field excitations in terms of single and multiple photons, each of which is in an arbitrary irreducible superposition of quantized modes. We further show how the transitions between classes are rendered possible by photon addition, photon subtraction, and photon-projection nonlinearities. We explicitly put forward a design for a multilayer interferometer in which the states for different classes can be generated with state-of-the-art experimental techniques. Limitations of the proposed designs are analyzed using the introduced classification, providing a benchmark for the robustness of certain states and classes.</jats:p>"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"article_number":"033062","doi":"10.1103/sv6z-v1gk","author":[{"full_name":"Kopylov, Denis A.","first_name":"Denis A.","last_name":"Kopylov"},{"id":"85279","orcid":"0000-0002-5940-8057","last_name":"Offen","first_name":"Christian","full_name":"Offen, Christian"},{"first_name":"Laura","last_name":"Ares","full_name":"Ares, Laura"},{"full_name":"Wembe Moafo, Boris Edgar","first_name":"Boris Edgar","last_name":"Wembe Moafo","id":"95394"},{"id":"16494","first_name":"Sina","last_name":"Ober-Blöbaum","full_name":"Ober-Blöbaum, Sina"},{"full_name":"Meier, Torsten","orcid":"0000-0001-8864-2072","last_name":"Meier","first_name":"Torsten","id":"344"},{"id":"60286","last_name":"Sharapova","first_name":"Polina R.","full_name":"Sharapova, Polina R."},{"last_name":"Sperling","first_name":"Jan","orcid":"0000-0002-5844-3205","full_name":"Sperling, Jan","id":"75127"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2643-1564"]},"title":"Multiphoton, multimode state classification for nonlinear optical circuits","year":"2025","intvolume":"         7","date_updated":"2025-12-09T09:10:01Z","publication_status":"published","citation":{"ama":"Kopylov DA, Offen C, Ares L, et al. Multiphoton, multimode state classification for nonlinear optical circuits. <i>Physical Review Research</i>. 2025;7(3). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/sv6z-v1gk\">10.1103/sv6z-v1gk</a>","bibtex":"@article{Kopylov_Offen_Ares_Wembe Moafo_Ober-Blöbaum_Meier_Sharapova_Sperling_2025, title={Multiphoton, multimode state classification for nonlinear optical circuits}, volume={7}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/sv6z-v1gk\">10.1103/sv6z-v1gk</a>}, number={3033062}, journal={Physical Review Research}, publisher={American Physical Society (APS)}, author={Kopylov, Denis A. and Offen, Christian and Ares, Laura and Wembe Moafo, Boris Edgar and Ober-Blöbaum, Sina and Meier, Torsten and Sharapova, Polina R. and Sperling, Jan}, year={2025} }","mla":"Kopylov, Denis A., et al. “Multiphoton, Multimode State Classification for Nonlinear Optical Circuits.” <i>Physical Review Research</i>, vol. 7, no. 3, 033062, American Physical Society (APS), 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/sv6z-v1gk\">10.1103/sv6z-v1gk</a>.","chicago":"Kopylov, Denis A., Christian Offen, Laura Ares, Boris Edgar Wembe Moafo, Sina Ober-Blöbaum, Torsten Meier, Polina R. Sharapova, and Jan Sperling. “Multiphoton, Multimode State Classification for Nonlinear Optical Circuits.” <i>Physical Review Research</i> 7, no. 3 (2025). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/sv6z-v1gk\">https://doi.org/10.1103/sv6z-v1gk</a>.","short":"D.A. Kopylov, C. Offen, L. Ares, B.E. Wembe Moafo, S. Ober-Blöbaum, T. Meier, P.R. Sharapova, J. Sperling, Physical Review Research 7 (2025).","apa":"Kopylov, D. A., Offen, C., Ares, L., Wembe Moafo, B. E., Ober-Blöbaum, S., Meier, T., Sharapova, P. R., &#38; Sperling, J. (2025). Multiphoton, multimode state classification for nonlinear optical circuits. <i>Physical Review Research</i>, <i>7</i>(3), Article 033062. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/sv6z-v1gk\">https://doi.org/10.1103/sv6z-v1gk</a>","ieee":"D. A. Kopylov <i>et al.</i>, “Multiphoton, multimode state classification for nonlinear optical circuits,” <i>Physical Review Research</i>, vol. 7, no. 3, Art. no. 033062, 2025, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/sv6z-v1gk\">10.1103/sv6z-v1gk</a>."},"project":[{"_id":"53","name":"TRR 142: Maßgeschneiderte nichtlineare Photonik: Von grundlegenden Konzepten zu funktionellen Strukturen"},{"name":"TRR 142 - Project Area C","_id":"56"},{"_id":"174","name":"TRR 142 ; TP: C10: Erzeugung und Charakterisierung von Quantenlicht in nichtlinearen Systemen: Eine theoretische Analyse"},{"name":"PhoQC: Photonisches Quantencomputing","_id":"266"}],"_id":"62980","publisher":"American Physical Society (APS)","volume":7,"user_id":"16199","status":"public"},{"status":"public","_id":"63021","publisher":"American Physical Society (APS)","user_id":"75127","volume":7,"citation":{"apa":"Bianchi, L., Marconi, C., Sperling, J., &#38; Bacco, D. (2025). Predetection squeezing as a resource for high-dimensional Bell-state measurements. <i>Physical Review Research</i>, <i>7</i>(2), Article 023038. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.7.023038\">https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.7.023038</a>","mla":"Bianchi, Luca, et al. “Predetection Squeezing as a Resource for High-Dimensional Bell-State Measurements.” <i>Physical Review Research</i>, vol. 7, no. 2, 023038, American Physical Society (APS), 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.7.023038\">10.1103/physrevresearch.7.023038</a>.","ieee":"L. Bianchi, C. Marconi, J. Sperling, and D. Bacco, “Predetection squeezing as a resource for high-dimensional Bell-state measurements,” <i>Physical Review Research</i>, vol. 7, no. 2, Art. no. 023038, 2025, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.7.023038\">10.1103/physrevresearch.7.023038</a>.","chicago":"Bianchi, Luca, Carlo Marconi, Jan Sperling, and Davide Bacco. “Predetection Squeezing as a Resource for High-Dimensional Bell-State Measurements.” <i>Physical Review Research</i> 7, no. 2 (2025). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.7.023038\">https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.7.023038</a>.","ama":"Bianchi L, Marconi C, Sperling J, Bacco D. Predetection squeezing as a resource for high-dimensional Bell-state measurements. <i>Physical Review Research</i>. 2025;7(2). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.7.023038\">10.1103/physrevresearch.7.023038</a>","short":"L. Bianchi, C. Marconi, J. Sperling, D. Bacco, Physical Review Research 7 (2025).","bibtex":"@article{Bianchi_Marconi_Sperling_Bacco_2025, title={Predetection squeezing as a resource for high-dimensional Bell-state measurements}, volume={7}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.7.023038\">10.1103/physrevresearch.7.023038</a>}, number={2023038}, journal={Physical Review Research}, publisher={American Physical Society (APS)}, author={Bianchi, Luca and Marconi, Carlo and Sperling, Jan and Bacco, Davide}, year={2025} }"},"title":"Predetection squeezing as a resource for high-dimensional Bell-state measurements","year":"2025","author":[{"first_name":"Luca","last_name":"Bianchi","full_name":"Bianchi, Luca"},{"full_name":"Marconi, Carlo","first_name":"Carlo","last_name":"Marconi"},{"id":"75127","full_name":"Sperling, Jan","orcid":"0000-0002-5844-3205","first_name":"Jan","last_name":"Sperling"},{"last_name":"Bacco","first_name":"Davide","full_name":"Bacco, Davide"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2643-1564"]},"date_updated":"2025-12-10T13:36:11Z","publication_status":"published","intvolume":"         7","article_number":"023038","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1103/physrevresearch.7.023038","publication":"Physical Review Research","issue":"2","abstract":[{"text":"<jats:p>Bell measurements, entailing the projection onto one of the Bell states, play a key role in quantum information and communication, where the outcome of a variety of protocols crucially depends on the success probability of such measurements. Although in the case of qubit systems, Bell measurements can be implemented using only linear optical components, the same result is no longer true for qudits, where at least the use of ancillary photons is required. In order to circumvent this limitation, one possibility is to introduce nonlinear effects. In this work, we adopt the latter approach and propose a scalable Bell measurement scheme for high-dimensional states, exploiting multiple squeezer devices applied to a linear optical circuit for discriminating the different Bell states. Our approach does not require ancillary photons, is not limited by the dimension of the quantum states, and is experimentally scalable, thus paving the way toward the realization of an effective high-dimensional Bell measurement.</jats:p>","lang":"eng"}],"date_created":"2025-12-10T13:34:53Z","type":"journal_article","department":[{"_id":"623"},{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"170"},{"_id":"706"},{"_id":"429"}]},{"status":"public","user_id":"75127","volume":7,"_id":"63534","publisher":"American Physical Society (APS)","citation":{"bibtex":"@article{Bianchi_Marconi_Ares_Bacco_Sperling_2025, title={Unified boson sampling}, volume={7}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/8hy1-m5gg\">10.1103/8hy1-m5gg</a>}, number={4L042068}, journal={Physical Review Research}, publisher={American Physical Society (APS)}, author={Bianchi, Luca and Marconi, Carlo and Ares, Laura and Bacco, Davide and Sperling, Jan}, year={2025} }","ama":"Bianchi L, Marconi C, Ares L, Bacco D, Sperling J. Unified boson sampling. <i>Physical Review Research</i>. 2025;7(4). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/8hy1-m5gg\">10.1103/8hy1-m5gg</a>","mla":"Bianchi, Luca, et al. “Unified Boson Sampling.” <i>Physical Review Research</i>, vol. 7, no. 4, L042068, American Physical Society (APS), 2025, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/8hy1-m5gg\">10.1103/8hy1-m5gg</a>.","short":"L. Bianchi, C. Marconi, L. Ares, D. Bacco, J. Sperling, Physical Review Research 7 (2025).","chicago":"Bianchi, Luca, Carlo Marconi, Laura Ares, Davide Bacco, and Jan Sperling. “Unified Boson Sampling.” <i>Physical Review Research</i> 7, no. 4 (2025). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/8hy1-m5gg\">https://doi.org/10.1103/8hy1-m5gg</a>.","ieee":"L. Bianchi, C. Marconi, L. Ares, D. Bacco, and J. Sperling, “Unified boson sampling,” <i>Physical Review Research</i>, vol. 7, no. 4, Art. no. L042068, 2025, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/8hy1-m5gg\">10.1103/8hy1-m5gg</a>.","apa":"Bianchi, L., Marconi, C., Ares, L., Bacco, D., &#38; Sperling, J. (2025). Unified boson sampling. <i>Physical Review Research</i>, <i>7</i>(4), Article L042068. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/8hy1-m5gg\">https://doi.org/10.1103/8hy1-m5gg</a>"},"publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2026-01-09T08:03:38Z","intvolume":"         7","year":"2025","title":"Unified boson sampling","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2643-1564"]},"author":[{"last_name":"Bianchi","first_name":"Luca","full_name":"Bianchi, Luca"},{"full_name":"Marconi, Carlo","last_name":"Marconi","first_name":"Carlo"},{"first_name":"Laura","last_name":"Ares","full_name":"Ares, Laura"},{"first_name":"Davide","last_name":"Bacco","full_name":"Bacco, Davide"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-5844-3205","first_name":"Jan","last_name":"Sperling","full_name":"Sperling, Jan","id":"75127"}],"doi":"10.1103/8hy1-m5gg","article_number":"L042068","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"<jats:p>Boson sampling is a key candidate for demonstrating quantum advantage and has already yielded significant advances in quantum simulation, machine learning, and graph theory. In this work, a unification and extension of distinct forms of boson sampling is developed. The devised protocol merges discrete-variable scattershot boson sampling with continuous-variable Gaussian boson sampling. Therefore, it is rendered possible to harness the complexity of more interesting states, such as squeezed photons, in advanced sampling protocols. A generating function formalism is developed for the joint description of multiphoton and multimode light undergoing Gaussian transformations. The resulting analytical tools enable one to explore interfaces of different photonic quantum-information-processing platforms. A numerical simulation of unified sampling is carried out, benchmarking its performance, complexity, and scalability. Entanglement is characterized to exemplify the generation of quantum correlations from the nonlinear interactions of a unified sampler.</jats:p>"}],"publication":"Physical Review Research","issue":"4","type":"journal_article","department":[{"_id":"623"},{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"170"},{"_id":"706"},{"_id":"429"}],"date_created":"2026-01-09T08:02:57Z"},{"external_id":{"arxiv":["2502.05123"]},"date_created":"2025-02-10T08:26:45Z","type":"preprint","oa":"1","department":[{"_id":"623"},{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"636"}],"citation":{"chicago":"Kopylov, Denis, Christian Offen, Laura Ares, Boris Edgar Wembe Moafo, Sina Ober-Blöbaum, Torsten Meier, Polina Sharapova, and Jan Sperling. “Multiphoton, Multimode State Classification for Nonlinear Optical Circuits ,” n.d.","short":"D. Kopylov, C. Offen, L. Ares, B.E. Wembe Moafo, S. Ober-Blöbaum, T. Meier, P. Sharapova, J. Sperling, (n.d.).","apa":"Kopylov, D., Offen, C., Ares, L., Wembe Moafo, B. E., Ober-Blöbaum, S., Meier, T., Sharapova, P., &#38; Sperling, J. (n.d.). <i>Multiphoton, multimode state classification for nonlinear optical circuits </i>.","ieee":"D. Kopylov <i>et al.</i>, “Multiphoton, multimode state classification for nonlinear optical circuits .” .","ama":"Kopylov D, Offen C, Ares L, et al. Multiphoton, multimode state classification for nonlinear optical circuits .","bibtex":"@article{Kopylov_Offen_Ares_Wembe Moafo_Ober-Blöbaum_Meier_Sharapova_Sperling, title={Multiphoton, multimode state classification for nonlinear optical circuits }, author={Kopylov, Denis and Offen, Christian and Ares, Laura and Wembe Moafo, Boris Edgar and Ober-Blöbaum, Sina and Meier, Torsten and Sharapova, Polina and Sperling, Jan} }","mla":"Kopylov, Denis, et al. <i>Multiphoton, Multimode State Classification for Nonlinear Optical Circuits </i>."},"abstract":[{"text":"We introduce a new classification of multimode states with a fixed number of photons. This classification is based on the factorizability of homogeneous multivariate polynomials and is invariant under unitary transformations. The classes physically correspond to field excitations in terms of single and multiple photons, each of which being in an arbitrary irreducible superposition of quantized modes. We further show how the transitions between classes are rendered possible by photon addition, photon subtraction, and photon-projection nonlinearities. We explicitly put forward a design for a multilayer interferometer in which the states for different classes can be generated with state-of-the-art experimental techniques. Limitations of the proposed designs are analyzed using the introduced classification, providing a benchmark for the robustness of certain states and classes. ","lang":"eng"}],"main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1","url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2502.05123"}],"_id":"58544","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"user_id":"85279","status":"public","year":"2025","title":"Multiphoton, multimode state classification for nonlinear optical circuits ","author":[{"full_name":"Kopylov, Denis","first_name":"Denis","last_name":"Kopylov","id":"98502"},{"full_name":"Offen, Christian","first_name":"Christian","orcid":"0000-0002-5940-8057","last_name":"Offen","id":"85279"},{"last_name":"Ares","first_name":"Laura","full_name":"Ares, Laura"},{"full_name":"Wembe Moafo, Boris Edgar","last_name":"Wembe Moafo","first_name":"Boris Edgar","id":"95394"},{"id":"16494","first_name":"Sina","last_name":"Ober-Blöbaum","full_name":"Ober-Blöbaum, Sina"},{"last_name":"Meier","first_name":"Torsten","orcid":"0000-0001-8864-2072","full_name":"Meier, Torsten","id":"344"},{"first_name":"Polina","last_name":"Sharapova","full_name":"Sharapova, Polina","id":"60286"},{"orcid":"0000-0002-5844-3205","last_name":"Sperling","first_name":"Jan","full_name":"Sperling, Jan","id":"75127"}],"date_updated":"2025-02-10T08:36:12Z","publication_status":"submitted"},{"intvolume":"       109","article_type":"original","date_updated":"2024-05-08T14:19:33Z","publication_status":"published","author":[{"full_name":"Pinske, Julien","last_name":"Pinske","first_name":"Julien"},{"last_name":"Sperling","orcid":"0000-0002-5844-3205","first_name":"Jan","full_name":"Sperling, Jan","id":"75127"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2469-9926","2469-9934"]},"year":"2024","title":"Unbreakable and breakable quantum censorship","doi":"10.1103/physreva.109.052408","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"article_number":"052408","publication":"Physical Review A","issue":"5","department":[{"_id":"623"},{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"170"},{"_id":"706"},{"_id":"429"}],"type":"journal_article","date_created":"2024-05-08T13:31:37Z","status":"public","volume":109,"user_id":"75127","_id":"54093","publisher":"American Physical Society (APS)","citation":{"bibtex":"@article{Pinske_Sperling_2024, title={Unbreakable and breakable quantum censorship}, volume={109}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.109.052408\">10.1103/physreva.109.052408</a>}, number={5052408}, journal={Physical Review A}, publisher={American Physical Society (APS)}, author={Pinske, Julien and Sperling, Jan}, year={2024} }","ama":"Pinske J, Sperling J. Unbreakable and breakable quantum censorship. <i>Physical Review A</i>. 2024;109(5). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.109.052408\">10.1103/physreva.109.052408</a>","mla":"Pinske, Julien, and Jan Sperling. “Unbreakable and Breakable Quantum Censorship.” <i>Physical Review A</i>, vol. 109, no. 5, 052408, American Physical Society (APS), 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.109.052408\">10.1103/physreva.109.052408</a>.","short":"J. Pinske, J. Sperling, Physical Review A 109 (2024).","chicago":"Pinske, Julien, and Jan Sperling. “Unbreakable and Breakable Quantum Censorship.” <i>Physical Review A</i> 109, no. 5 (2024). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.109.052408\">https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.109.052408</a>.","ieee":"J. Pinske and J. Sperling, “Unbreakable and breakable quantum censorship,” <i>Physical Review A</i>, vol. 109, no. 5, Art. no. 052408, 2024, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.109.052408\">10.1103/physreva.109.052408</a>.","apa":"Pinske, J., &#38; Sperling, J. (2024). Unbreakable and breakable quantum censorship. <i>Physical Review A</i>, <i>109</i>(5), Article 052408. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.109.052408\">https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.109.052408</a>"}},{"citation":{"bibtex":"@article{Weinbrenner_Prasannan_Hansenne_Denker_Sperling_Brecht_Silberhorn_Gühne_2024, title={Certifying the Topology of Quantum Networks: Theory and Experiment}, volume={132}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.132.240802\">10.1103/physrevlett.132.240802</a>}, number={24240802}, journal={Physical Review Letters}, publisher={American Physical Society (APS)}, author={Weinbrenner, Lisa T. and Prasannan, Nidhin and Hansenne, Kiara and Denker, Sophia and Sperling, Jan and Brecht, Benjamin and Silberhorn, Christine and Gühne, Otfried}, year={2024} }","ama":"Weinbrenner LT, Prasannan N, Hansenne K, et al. Certifying the Topology of Quantum Networks: Theory and Experiment. <i>Physical Review Letters</i>. 2024;132(24). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.132.240802\">10.1103/physrevlett.132.240802</a>","mla":"Weinbrenner, Lisa T., et al. “Certifying the Topology of Quantum Networks: Theory and Experiment.” <i>Physical Review Letters</i>, vol. 132, no. 24, 240802, American Physical Society (APS), 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.132.240802\">10.1103/physrevlett.132.240802</a>.","chicago":"Weinbrenner, Lisa T., Nidhin Prasannan, Kiara Hansenne, Sophia Denker, Jan Sperling, Benjamin Brecht, Christine Silberhorn, and Otfried Gühne. “Certifying the Topology of Quantum Networks: Theory and Experiment.” <i>Physical Review Letters</i> 132, no. 24 (2024). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.132.240802\">https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.132.240802</a>.","short":"L.T. Weinbrenner, N. Prasannan, K. Hansenne, S. Denker, J. Sperling, B. Brecht, C. Silberhorn, O. Gühne, Physical Review Letters 132 (2024).","ieee":"L. T. Weinbrenner <i>et al.</i>, “Certifying the Topology of Quantum Networks: Theory and Experiment,” <i>Physical Review Letters</i>, vol. 132, no. 24, Art. no. 240802, 2024, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.132.240802\">10.1103/physrevlett.132.240802</a>.","apa":"Weinbrenner, L. T., Prasannan, N., Hansenne, K., Denker, S., Sperling, J., Brecht, B., Silberhorn, C., &#38; Gühne, O. (2024). Certifying the Topology of Quantum Networks: Theory and Experiment. <i>Physical Review Letters</i>, <i>132</i>(24), Article 240802. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.132.240802\">https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.132.240802</a>"},"status":"public","_id":"54812","publisher":"American Physical Society (APS)","volume":132,"user_id":"27150","publication":"Physical Review Letters","issue":"24","date_created":"2024-06-19T06:36:54Z","department":[{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"623"},{"_id":"288"}],"type":"journal_article","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0031-9007","1079-7114"]},"author":[{"full_name":"Weinbrenner, Lisa T.","last_name":"Weinbrenner","first_name":"Lisa T."},{"id":"71403","first_name":"Nidhin","last_name":"Prasannan","full_name":"Prasannan, Nidhin"},{"full_name":"Hansenne, Kiara","first_name":"Kiara","last_name":"Hansenne"},{"full_name":"Denker, Sophia","last_name":"Denker","first_name":"Sophia"},{"id":"75127","full_name":"Sperling, Jan","first_name":"Jan","last_name":"Sperling","orcid":"0000-0002-5844-3205"},{"orcid":"0000-0003-4140-0556 ","first_name":"Benjamin","last_name":"Brecht","full_name":"Brecht, Benjamin","id":"27150"},{"last_name":"Silberhorn","first_name":"Christine","full_name":"Silberhorn, Christine","id":"26263"},{"full_name":"Gühne, Otfried","first_name":"Otfried","last_name":"Gühne"}],"title":"Certifying the Topology of Quantum Networks: Theory and Experiment","year":"2024","intvolume":"       132","publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2024-06-19T06:59:45Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"article_number":"240802","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.132.240802"},{"department":[{"_id":"623"},{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"170"},{"_id":"706"},{"_id":"429"}],"type":"journal_article","date_created":"2024-07-09T10:27:33Z","publication":"Physical Review A","issue":"1","doi":"10.1103/physreva.110.012424","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"article_number":"012424","intvolume":"       110","date_updated":"2024-07-09T10:29:29Z","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2469-9926","2469-9934"]},"author":[{"last_name":"Yasmin","first_name":"Farha","full_name":"Yasmin, Farha"},{"full_name":"Sperling, Jan","first_name":"Jan","last_name":"Sperling","orcid":"0000-0002-5844-3205","id":"75127"}],"year":"2024","title":"Entanglement-assisted quantum speedup: Beating local quantum speed limits","project":[{"grant_number":"231447078","_id":"174","name":"TRR 142 - C10: TRR 142 -  Erzeugung und Charakterisierung von Quantenlicht in nichtlinearen Systemen: Eine theoretische Analyse (C10*)"}],"citation":{"apa":"Yasmin, F., &#38; Sperling, J. (2024). Entanglement-assisted quantum speedup: Beating local quantum speed limits. <i>Physical Review A</i>, <i>110</i>(1), Article 012424. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.110.012424\">https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.110.012424</a>","ieee":"F. Yasmin and J. Sperling, “Entanglement-assisted quantum speedup: Beating local quantum speed limits,” <i>Physical Review A</i>, vol. 110, no. 1, Art. no. 012424, 2024, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.110.012424\">10.1103/physreva.110.012424</a>.","short":"F. Yasmin, J. Sperling, Physical Review A 110 (2024).","chicago":"Yasmin, Farha, and Jan Sperling. “Entanglement-Assisted Quantum Speedup: Beating Local Quantum Speed Limits.” <i>Physical Review A</i> 110, no. 1 (2024). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.110.012424\">https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.110.012424</a>.","mla":"Yasmin, Farha, and Jan Sperling. “Entanglement-Assisted Quantum Speedup: Beating Local Quantum Speed Limits.” <i>Physical Review A</i>, vol. 110, no. 1, 012424, American Physical Society (APS), 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.110.012424\">10.1103/physreva.110.012424</a>.","ama":"Yasmin F, Sperling J. Entanglement-assisted quantum speedup: Beating local quantum speed limits. <i>Physical Review A</i>. 2024;110(1). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.110.012424\">10.1103/physreva.110.012424</a>","bibtex":"@article{Yasmin_Sperling_2024, title={Entanglement-assisted quantum speedup: Beating local quantum speed limits}, volume={110}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.110.012424\">10.1103/physreva.110.012424</a>}, number={1012424}, journal={Physical Review A}, publisher={American Physical Society (APS)}, author={Yasmin, Farha and Sperling, Jan}, year={2024} }"},"volume":110,"user_id":"75127","publisher":"American Physical Society (APS)","_id":"55140","status":"public"},{"doi":"10.1103/physreva.110.013705","article_number":"013705","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"date_updated":"2024-07-11T07:21:12Z","publication_status":"published","intvolume":"       110","title":"Quantum walks and entanglement in cavity networks","year":"2024","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2469-9926","2469-9934"]},"author":[{"first_name":"Christian","last_name":"Di Fidio","full_name":"Di Fidio, Christian"},{"last_name":"Ares","first_name":"Laura","full_name":"Ares, Laura"},{"full_name":"Sperling, Jan","first_name":"Jan","orcid":"0000-0002-5844-3205","last_name":"Sperling","id":"75127"}],"type":"journal_article","department":[{"_id":"623"},{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"170"},{"_id":"706"},{"_id":"429"}],"date_created":"2024-07-11T07:20:08Z","issue":"1","publication":"Physical Review A","user_id":"75127","volume":110,"publisher":"American Physical Society (APS)","_id":"55173","status":"public","project":[{"name":"PhoQC: PhoQC: Photonisches Quantencomputing","_id":"266","grant_number":"PROFILNRW-2020-067"}],"citation":{"bibtex":"@article{Di Fidio_Ares_Sperling_2024, title={Quantum walks and entanglement in cavity networks}, volume={110}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.110.013705\">10.1103/physreva.110.013705</a>}, number={1013705}, journal={Physical Review A}, publisher={American Physical Society (APS)}, author={Di Fidio, Christian and Ares, Laura and Sperling, Jan}, year={2024} }","chicago":"Di Fidio, Christian, Laura Ares, and Jan Sperling. “Quantum Walks and Entanglement in Cavity Networks.” <i>Physical Review A</i> 110, no. 1 (2024). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.110.013705\">https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.110.013705</a>.","short":"C. Di Fidio, L. Ares, J. Sperling, Physical Review A 110 (2024).","ama":"Di Fidio C, Ares L, Sperling J. Quantum walks and entanglement in cavity networks. <i>Physical Review A</i>. 2024;110(1). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.110.013705\">10.1103/physreva.110.013705</a>","ieee":"C. Di Fidio, L. Ares, and J. Sperling, “Quantum walks and entanglement in cavity networks,” <i>Physical Review A</i>, vol. 110, no. 1, Art. no. 013705, 2024, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.110.013705\">10.1103/physreva.110.013705</a>.","mla":"Di Fidio, Christian, et al. “Quantum Walks and Entanglement in Cavity Networks.” <i>Physical Review A</i>, vol. 110, no. 1, 013705, American Physical Society (APS), 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.110.013705\">10.1103/physreva.110.013705</a>.","apa":"Di Fidio, C., Ares, L., &#38; Sperling, J. (2024). Quantum walks and entanglement in cavity networks. <i>Physical Review A</i>, <i>110</i>(1), Article 013705. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.110.013705\">https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.110.013705</a>"}},{"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"<jats:p>We report on a photonic simulator of the critical state forming at the quantum phase transition between topologically distinct Anderson insulator phases. We observe a time-staggered profile in the circular photon polarization, which originates from the interplay of a chiral and sublattice symmetry, and has recently been suggested as a signature for topological Anderson criticality within the setup. We discuss the role of statistical detuning from criticality and show that the controlled breaking of phase coherence removes the signal, revealing its origin in quantum coherence.</jats:p>\r\n          <jats:sec>\r\n            <jats:title/>\r\n            <jats:supplementary-material>\r\n              <jats:permissions>\r\n                <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement>\r\n                <jats:copyright-year>2024</jats:copyright-year>\r\n              </jats:permissions>\r\n            </jats:supplementary-material>\r\n          </jats:sec>"}],"publication":"Physical Review Research","issue":"3","type":"journal_article","department":[{"_id":"623"}],"date_created":"2024-08-22T10:47:06Z","date_updated":"2024-08-22T10:47:57Z","publication_status":"published","intvolume":"         6","title":"Experimental observation of topological quantum criticality","year":"2024","author":[{"id":"48188","first_name":"Sonja","last_name":"Barkhofen","full_name":"Barkhofen, Sonja"},{"first_name":"Syamsundar","last_name":"De","full_name":"De, Syamsundar"},{"id":"75127","full_name":"Sperling, Jan","last_name":"Sperling","first_name":"Jan","orcid":"0000-0002-5844-3205"},{"id":"26263","first_name":"Christine","last_name":"Silberhorn","full_name":"Silberhorn, Christine"},{"first_name":"Alexander","last_name":"Altland","full_name":"Altland, Alexander"},{"full_name":"Bagrets, Dmitry","first_name":"Dmitry","last_name":"Bagrets"},{"first_name":"Kun Woo","last_name":"Kim","full_name":"Kim, Kun Woo"},{"full_name":"Micklitz, Tobias","last_name":"Micklitz","first_name":"Tobias"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2643-1564"]},"doi":"10.1103/physrevresearch.6.033194","article_number":"033194","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"citation":{"chicago":"Barkhofen, Sonja, Syamsundar De, Jan Sperling, Christine Silberhorn, Alexander Altland, Dmitry Bagrets, Kun Woo Kim, and Tobias Micklitz. “Experimental Observation of Topological Quantum Criticality.” <i>Physical Review Research</i> 6, no. 3 (2024). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.6.033194\">https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.6.033194</a>.","short":"S. Barkhofen, S. De, J. Sperling, C. Silberhorn, A. Altland, D. Bagrets, K.W. Kim, T. Micklitz, Physical Review Research 6 (2024).","apa":"Barkhofen, S., De, S., Sperling, J., Silberhorn, C., Altland, A., Bagrets, D., Kim, K. W., &#38; Micklitz, T. (2024). Experimental observation of topological quantum criticality. <i>Physical Review Research</i>, <i>6</i>(3), Article 033194. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.6.033194\">https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.6.033194</a>","ieee":"S. Barkhofen <i>et al.</i>, “Experimental observation of topological quantum criticality,” <i>Physical Review Research</i>, vol. 6, no. 3, Art. no. 033194, 2024, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.6.033194\">10.1103/physrevresearch.6.033194</a>.","ama":"Barkhofen S, De S, Sperling J, et al. Experimental observation of topological quantum criticality. <i>Physical Review Research</i>. 2024;6(3). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.6.033194\">10.1103/physrevresearch.6.033194</a>","bibtex":"@article{Barkhofen_De_Sperling_Silberhorn_Altland_Bagrets_Kim_Micklitz_2024, title={Experimental observation of topological quantum criticality}, volume={6}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.6.033194\">10.1103/physrevresearch.6.033194</a>}, number={3033194}, journal={Physical Review Research}, publisher={American Physical Society (APS)}, author={Barkhofen, Sonja and De, Syamsundar and Sperling, Jan and Silberhorn, Christine and Altland, Alexander and Bagrets, Dmitry and Kim, Kun Woo and Micklitz, Tobias}, year={2024} }","mla":"Barkhofen, Sonja, et al. “Experimental Observation of Topological Quantum Criticality.” <i>Physical Review Research</i>, vol. 6, no. 3, 033194, American Physical Society (APS), 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.6.033194\">10.1103/physrevresearch.6.033194</a>."},"status":"public","user_id":"48188","volume":6,"_id":"55737","publisher":"American Physical Society (APS)"},{"date_updated":"2025-12-18T16:14:39Z","publication_status":"published","intvolume":"         6","year":"2024","title":"Realization of high-fidelity unitary operations on up to 64 frequency bins","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2643-1564"]},"author":[{"full_name":"De, Syamsundar","first_name":"Syamsundar","last_name":"De"},{"last_name":"Ansari","first_name":"Vahid","full_name":"Ansari, Vahid"},{"full_name":"Sperling, Jan","first_name":"Jan","orcid":"0000-0002-5844-3205","last_name":"Sperling","id":"75127"},{"id":"48188","full_name":"Barkhofen, Sonja","first_name":"Sonja","last_name":"Barkhofen"},{"last_name":"Brecht","first_name":"Benjamin","orcid":"0000-0003-4140-0556 ","full_name":"Brecht, Benjamin","id":"27150"},{"full_name":"Silberhorn, Christine","last_name":"Silberhorn","first_name":"Christine","id":"26263"}],"doi":"10.1103/physrevresearch.6.l022040","article_number":"L022040","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"<jats:p>The ability to apply user-chosen large-scale unitary operations with high fidelity to a quantum state is key to realizing future photonic quantum technologies. Here, we realize the implementation of programmable unitary operations on up to 64 frequency-bin modes. To benchmark the performance of our system, we probe different quantum walk unitary operations, in particular, Grover walks on four-dimensional hypercubes with similarities exceeding 95% and quantum walks with 400 steps on circles and finite lines with similarities of 98%. Our results open a path toward implementing high-quality unitary operations, which can form the basis for applications in complex tasks, such as Gaussian boson sampling.</jats:p>\r\n          <jats:sec>\r\n            <jats:title/>\r\n            <jats:supplementary-material>\r\n              <jats:permissions>\r\n                <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement>\r\n                <jats:copyright-year>2024</jats:copyright-year>\r\n              </jats:permissions>\r\n            </jats:supplementary-material>\r\n          </jats:sec>"}],"publication":"Physical Review Research","issue":"2","type":"journal_article","department":[{"_id":"623"},{"_id":"288"},{"_id":"15"}],"date_created":"2024-05-14T12:40:48Z","status":"public","user_id":"27150","volume":6,"_id":"54288","publisher":"American Physical Society (APS)","project":[{"name":"QuPoPCoRN: QUPOPCORN: Quantum Particles on Programmable Complex Reconfigurable Networks","_id":"216"}],"citation":{"apa":"De, S., Ansari, V., Sperling, J., Barkhofen, S., Brecht, B., &#38; Silberhorn, C. (2024). Realization of high-fidelity unitary operations on up to 64 frequency bins. <i>Physical Review Research</i>, <i>6</i>(2), Article L022040. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.6.l022040\">https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.6.l022040</a>","ieee":"S. De, V. Ansari, J. Sperling, S. Barkhofen, B. Brecht, and C. Silberhorn, “Realization of high-fidelity unitary operations on up to 64 frequency bins,” <i>Physical Review Research</i>, vol. 6, no. 2, Art. no. L022040, 2024, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.6.l022040\">10.1103/physrevresearch.6.l022040</a>.","short":"S. De, V. Ansari, J. Sperling, S. Barkhofen, B. Brecht, C. Silberhorn, Physical Review Research 6 (2024).","chicago":"De, Syamsundar, Vahid Ansari, Jan Sperling, Sonja Barkhofen, Benjamin Brecht, and Christine Silberhorn. “Realization of High-Fidelity Unitary Operations on up to 64 Frequency Bins.” <i>Physical Review Research</i> 6, no. 2 (2024). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.6.l022040\">https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.6.l022040</a>.","mla":"De, Syamsundar, et al. “Realization of High-Fidelity Unitary Operations on up to 64 Frequency Bins.” <i>Physical Review Research</i>, vol. 6, no. 2, L022040, American Physical Society (APS), 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.6.l022040\">10.1103/physrevresearch.6.l022040</a>.","ama":"De S, Ansari V, Sperling J, Barkhofen S, Brecht B, Silberhorn C. Realization of high-fidelity unitary operations on up to 64 frequency bins. <i>Physical Review Research</i>. 2024;6(2). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.6.l022040\">10.1103/physrevresearch.6.l022040</a>","bibtex":"@article{De_Ansari_Sperling_Barkhofen_Brecht_Silberhorn_2024, title={Realization of high-fidelity unitary operations on up to 64 frequency bins}, volume={6}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.6.l022040\">10.1103/physrevresearch.6.l022040</a>}, number={2L022040}, journal={Physical Review Research}, publisher={American Physical Society (APS)}, author={De, Syamsundar and Ansari, Vahid and Sperling, Jan and Barkhofen, Sonja and Brecht, Benjamin and Silberhorn, Christine}, year={2024} }"}},{"user_id":"55629","volume":2,"_id":"50840","publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","status":"public","oa":"1","project":[{"_id":"191","name":"PhoQuant: Photonische Quantencomputer -  Quantencomputing Testplattform"},{"_id":"239","name":"ERC-Grant: QuESADILLA: Quantum Engineering Superconducting Array Detectors in Low-Light Applications"},{"_id":"209","name":"ISOQC: Quantenkommunikation mit integrierter Optik im Zusammenhang mit supraleitender Elektronik"}],"citation":{"mla":"Protte, Maximilian, et al. “Low-Noise Balanced Homodyne Detection with Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detectors.” <i>Optica Quantum</i>, vol. 2, no. 1, 1, Optica Publishing Group, 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/opticaq.502201\">10.1364/opticaq.502201</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Protte_Schapeler_Sperling_Bartley_2024, title={Low-noise balanced homodyne detection with superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors}, volume={2}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/opticaq.502201\">10.1364/opticaq.502201</a>}, number={11}, journal={Optica Quantum}, publisher={Optica Publishing Group}, author={Protte, Maximilian and Schapeler, Timon and Sperling, Jan and Bartley, Tim}, year={2024} }","ama":"Protte M, Schapeler T, Sperling J, Bartley T. Low-noise balanced homodyne detection with superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors. <i>Optica Quantum</i>. 2024;2(1). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/opticaq.502201\">10.1364/opticaq.502201</a>","ieee":"M. Protte, T. Schapeler, J. Sperling, and T. Bartley, “Low-noise balanced homodyne detection with superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors,” <i>Optica Quantum</i>, vol. 2, no. 1, Art. no. 1, 2024, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/opticaq.502201\">10.1364/opticaq.502201</a>.","apa":"Protte, M., Schapeler, T., Sperling, J., &#38; Bartley, T. (2024). Low-noise balanced homodyne detection with superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors. <i>Optica Quantum</i>, <i>2</i>(1), Article 1. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/opticaq.502201\">https://doi.org/10.1364/opticaq.502201</a>","chicago":"Protte, Maximilian, Timon Schapeler, Jan Sperling, and Tim Bartley. “Low-Noise Balanced Homodyne Detection with Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detectors.” <i>Optica Quantum</i> 2, no. 1 (2024). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/opticaq.502201\">https://doi.org/10.1364/opticaq.502201</a>.","short":"M. Protte, T. Schapeler, J. Sperling, T. Bartley, Optica Quantum 2 (2024)."},"doi":"10.1364/opticaq.502201","article_number":"1","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2025-12-18T17:06:27Z","intvolume":"         2","title":"Low-noise balanced homodyne detection with superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors","year":"2024","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2837-6714"]},"author":[{"full_name":"Protte, Maximilian","last_name":"Protte","first_name":"Maximilian","id":"46170"},{"first_name":"Timon","orcid":"0000-0001-7652-1716","last_name":"Schapeler","full_name":"Schapeler, Timon","id":"55629"},{"id":"75127","full_name":"Sperling, Jan","first_name":"Jan","orcid":"0000-0002-5844-3205","last_name":"Sperling"},{"full_name":"Bartley, Tim","first_name":"Tim","last_name":"Bartley","id":"49683"}],"type":"journal_article","department":[{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"623"}],"date_created":"2024-01-25T11:48:02Z","abstract":[{"text":"<jats:p>Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) have been widely used to study the discrete nature of quantum states of light in the form of photon-counting experiments. We show that SNSPDs can also be used to study continuous variables of optical quantum states by performing homodyne detection at a bandwidth of 400 kHz. By measuring the interference of a continuous-wave field of a local oscillator with the field of the vacuum state using two SNSPDs, we show that the variance of the difference in count rates is linearly proportional to the photon flux of the local oscillator over almost five orders of magnitude. The resulting shot-noise clearance of (46.0 ± 1.1) dB is the highest reported clearance for a balanced optical homodyne detector, demonstrating their potential for measuring highly squeezed states in the continuous-wave regime. In addition, we measured a CMRR = 22.4 dB. From the joint click counting statistics, we also measure the phase-dependent quadrature of a weak coherent state to demonstrate our device’s functionality as a homodyne detector.</jats:p>","lang":"eng"}],"publication":"Optica Quantum","issue":"1"},{"citation":{"mla":"Krishnaswamy, Suchitra, et al. “Experimental Retrieval of Photon Statistics from Click Detection.” <i>Physical Review A</i>, vol. 110, no. 2, 023717, American Physical Society (APS), 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.110.023717\">10.1103/physreva.110.023717</a>.","ama":"Krishnaswamy S, Schlue F, Ares L, et al. Experimental retrieval of photon statistics from click detection. <i>Physical Review A</i>. 2024;110(2). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.110.023717\">10.1103/physreva.110.023717</a>","bibtex":"@article{Krishnaswamy_Schlue_Ares_Dyachuk_Stefszky_Brecht_Silberhorn_Sperling_2024, title={Experimental retrieval of photon statistics from click detection}, volume={110}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.110.023717\">10.1103/physreva.110.023717</a>}, number={2023717}, journal={Physical Review A}, publisher={American Physical Society (APS)}, author={Krishnaswamy, Suchitra and Schlue, Fabian and Ares, L. and Dyachuk, V. and Stefszky, Michael and Brecht, Benjamin and Silberhorn, Christine and Sperling, Jan}, year={2024} }","apa":"Krishnaswamy, S., Schlue, F., Ares, L., Dyachuk, V., Stefszky, M., Brecht, B., Silberhorn, C., &#38; Sperling, J. (2024). Experimental retrieval of photon statistics from click detection. <i>Physical Review A</i>, <i>110</i>(2), Article 023717. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.110.023717\">https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.110.023717</a>","ieee":"S. Krishnaswamy <i>et al.</i>, “Experimental retrieval of photon statistics from click detection,” <i>Physical Review A</i>, vol. 110, no. 2, Art. no. 023717, 2024, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.110.023717\">10.1103/physreva.110.023717</a>.","chicago":"Krishnaswamy, Suchitra, Fabian Schlue, L. Ares, V. Dyachuk, Michael Stefszky, Benjamin Brecht, Christine Silberhorn, and Jan Sperling. “Experimental Retrieval of Photon Statistics from Click Detection.” <i>Physical Review A</i> 110, no. 2 (2024). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.110.023717\">https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.110.023717</a>.","short":"S. Krishnaswamy, F. Schlue, L. Ares, V. Dyachuk, M. Stefszky, B. Brecht, C. Silberhorn, J. Sperling, Physical Review A 110 (2024)."},"status":"public","_id":"57743","publisher":"American Physical Society (APS)","user_id":"75127","volume":110,"issue":"2","publication":"Physical Review A","date_created":"2024-12-11T15:33:08Z","type":"journal_article","department":[{"_id":"623"},{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"170"},{"_id":"706"},{"_id":"429"},{"_id":"623"}],"year":"2024","title":"Experimental retrieval of photon statistics from click detection","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2469-9926","2469-9934"]},"author":[{"full_name":"Krishnaswamy, Suchitra","last_name":"Krishnaswamy","first_name":"Suchitra","id":"78347"},{"id":"63579","full_name":"Schlue, Fabian","last_name":"Schlue","first_name":"Fabian"},{"first_name":"L.","last_name":"Ares","full_name":"Ares, L."},{"full_name":"Dyachuk, V.","last_name":"Dyachuk","first_name":"V."},{"full_name":"Stefszky, Michael","last_name":"Stefszky","first_name":"Michael","id":"42777"},{"id":"27150","full_name":"Brecht, Benjamin","first_name":"Benjamin","orcid":"0000-0003-4140-0556 ","last_name":"Brecht"},{"id":"26263","full_name":"Silberhorn, Christine","last_name":"Silberhorn","first_name":"Christine"},{"id":"75127","full_name":"Sperling, Jan","last_name":"Sperling","first_name":"Jan","orcid":"0000-0002-5844-3205"}],"publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2024-12-11T15:35:07Z","intvolume":"       110","article_number":"023717","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"doi":"10.1103/physreva.110.023717"}]