@article{63838,
  abstract     = {{Industrial electrification is increasing to reduce fossil fuel dependence, alongside a growing share of volatile renewables.
A secure and reliable energy supply is crucial for industry, leading to a shift from centralised to decentralised grid structures.
DC microgrids becoming increasingly popular in industry, since they enable energy recuperation from braking, reduce components and cables, and integrate storage and local generation to manage supply interruptions or peak loads.
EVs add further synergies by serving as mobile storage units, helping to store and redistribute locally generated renewable energy.
This paper analyses how EV integration in droop-controlled DC grids can contribute to a more stable, low-emission and peak-reduced load profile to the supply grid through load shifting and bridge interruptions.
A droop-controlled DC grid model has been developed, incorporating an EV charging park based on probability functions.
Scalable scenarios allow for diverse condition analysis using an energy management system that utilises fuzzy logic and sequential MILP optimisation.
It has been shown that a 7% improvement of coefficient represented grid-serving behaviour is possible by load shifting.
It has also been demonstrated that an optimised EMS can reduce the demand-based CO2 emissions by 41kg for a representative day compared to a fuzzy logic EMS.
At the same time peak load is decreased yielding a more constant residual load.
These results highlight the potential of a controlled bidirectional charging infrastructure in DC grids and underscore the need to explicitly consider charging processes to ensure a residual load as constant as possible.}},
  author       = {{Rahlf, Henning Christoph and Knorr, Lukas and Althoff, Simon and Meschede, Henning}},
  issn         = {{2666-9552}},
  journal      = {{Smart Energy}},
  keywords     = {{DC-grid, Droop control, Grid-serving behaviour, Grid stability, Bidirectional charging, Sequential decision, MILP optimisation}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{Analysis of bidirectional EV charging infrastructures within industrial DC grids}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.segy.2026.100227}},
  year         = {{2026}},
}

@article{65382,
  author       = {{Arachchi, Geethike V. and Keiner, Dominik and Khalili, Siavash and Premarathna, Maheshika H.K. and George, Jino P. and Gulagi, Ashish and Edoo, M.N. and Ah King, Robert T.F. and Meschede, Henning and Breyer, Christian}},
  issn         = {{0360-5442}},
  journal      = {{Energy}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{Electricity balancing for resilient 100% renewable energy systems on islands: Imported e-fuels versus domestic e-hydrogen on the case of Mauritius}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.energy.2026.140758}},
  volume       = {{351}},
  year         = {{2026}},
}

@article{59532,
  author       = {{Knorr, Lukas and Buchenau, N. and Schlosser, Florian and Divkovic, Denis and Prina, M.G. and Meschede, Henning}},
  issn         = {{1364-0321}},
  journal      = {{Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{Electrification and flexibility of process heat in energy system modelling: A review}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.rser.2025.115698}},
  volume       = {{216}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@article{59531,
  author       = {{Ahmadi, Mehdi and Knorr, Lukas and Meschede, Henning}},
  issn         = {{0960-1481}},
  journal      = {{Renewable Energy}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{Improvement of Wind Power Utilization Through Flexible Operation of Data Center in Wind Parks}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.renene.2025.123073}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@article{60081,
  author       = {{Naumann, Marius and Ostermann, Moritz and Buchenau, Nadja and Oetzel, Jannik and Schlosser, Florian and Meschede, Henning and Tröster, Thomas}},
  issn         = {{0196-8904}},
  journal      = {{Energy Conversion and Management}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{Energy efficiency improvement for decarbonization in manufacturing industry: A review}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.enconman.2025.119763}},
  volume       = {{338}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@article{60252,
  author       = {{Meschede, Henning and Knorr, Lukas}},
  issn         = {{2772-6711}},
  journal      = {{e-Prime - Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{On the impact of various mobility concepts on integrated energy systems}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.prime.2025.101041}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@article{61770,
  author       = {{Kirschbaum, Julia and Divkovic, Denis and Meschede, Henning}},
  issn         = {{0306-2619}},
  journal      = {{Applied Energy}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{From demand to action: Analysing building emissions and refurbishment scenarios towards climate neutrality}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126302}},
  volume       = {{396}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@article{62045,
  author       = {{Naumann, Marius and Henne, Kevin and Ostermann, Moritz and Schlosser, Florian and Meschede, Henning}},
  journal      = {{Procedia CIRP}},
  location     = {{Manchester}},
  pages        = {{1351--1358}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier}},
  title        = {{{Modular Energy Demand Modeling of Manufacturing Processes for Energy  Efficiency Improvement}}},
  doi          = {{doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2025.08.001}},
  volume       = {{135}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@article{62731,
  author       = {{Meschede, Henning and Knorr, Lukas and Piacentino, Antonio and Markovska, Natasa and Duic, Neven}},
  issn         = {{0360-5442}},
  journal      = {{Energy}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{Integrated and demand-responsive energy futures in the context of sustainable development of energy systems}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.energy.2025.139453}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@article{54461,
  author       = {{Divkovic, Denis and Knorr, Lukas and Schwesig, Ramon and Meschede, Henning}},
  issn         = {{0360-5442}},
  journal      = {{Energy}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{Effects on dimensioning of heat supply technologies for district heating under consideration of future developments regarding investment costs and emission factors}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.energy.2024.131663}},
  volume       = {{301}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@misc{60086,
  author       = {{Divkovic, Denis and Kirschbaum, Julia and Rahlf, Henning Christoph and Knorr, Lukas and Meschede, Henning}},
  publisher    = {{International Conference on Smart Energy Systems}},
  title        = {{{Optimising Heat Planning: Cost effective heat planning for low carbon district heating}}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@article{57942,
  author       = {{Meschede, Henning and Piacentino, Antonio and Guzovic, Zvonimir and Lund, Henrik and Duic, Neven}},
  issn         = {{0360-5442}},
  journal      = {{Energy}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{Integrated renewable energy systems as the basis for sustainable development of energy, water and environment systems}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.energy.2024.133737}},
  volume       = {{313}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@misc{59234,
  author       = {{Knorr, Lukas and Schlosser, Florian and Divkovic, Denis and Buchenau, Nadja and Meschede, Henning}},
  publisher    = {{19th SDEWES Conference}},
  title        = {{{Energy Flexibility and Electrification of Industrial Process Heat: A Review}}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@article{54459,
  author       = {{Knorr, Lukas and Schlosser, Florian and Horstmann, Nils and Divkovic, Denis and Meschede, Henning}},
  issn         = {{0306-2619}},
  journal      = {{Applied Energy}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{Flexible operation and integration of high-temperature heat pumps using large temperature glides}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.123417}},
  volume       = {{368}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@article{45866,
  author       = {{Knorr, Lukas and Schlosser, Florian and Meschede, Henning}},
  issn         = {{1848-9257}},
  journal      = {{Journal of Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems}},
  keywords     = {{Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Water Science and Technology, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment}},
  number       = {{3}},
  pages        = {{0--0}},
  publisher    = {{SDEWES Centre}},
  title        = {{{Assessment of Energy Efficiency and Flexibility Measures in Electrified Process Heat Generation Based on Simulations in the Animal Feed Industry}}},
  doi          = {{10.13044/j.sdewes.d11.0444}},
  volume       = {{ 11}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@article{48243,
  author       = {{Walmsley, Timothy Gordon and Philipp, Matthias and Picón-Núñez, Martín and Meschede, Henning and Taylor, Matthew Thomas and Schlosser, Florian and Atkins, Martin John}},
  issn         = {{1364-0321}},
  journal      = {{Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews}},
  keywords     = {{Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{Hybrid renewable energy utility systems for industrial sites: A review}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.rser.2023.113802}},
  volume       = {{188}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@article{49565,
  author       = {{Ebersold, Felix and Hechelmann, Ron-Hendrik and Holzapfel, Peter and Meschede, Henning}},
  issn         = {{2590-1745}},
  journal      = {{Energy Conversion and Management: X}},
  keywords     = {{Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Fuel Technology, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{Carbon insetting as a measure to raise supply chain energy efficiency potentials: Opportunities and challenges}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.ecmx.2023.100504}},
  volume       = {{20}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@misc{48335,
  author       = {{Knorr, Lukas and Jungeilges, André and Pfeifer, Florian and Burmeister, Sascha Christian and Meschede, Henning}},
  publisher    = {{4. Aachener Ofenbau- und Thermoprozess-Kolloquium}},
  title        = {{{Regenerative Energien für einen effizienten Betrieb von Presshärtelinien}}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@misc{47540,
  author       = {{Knorr, Lukas and Schlosser, Florian and Meschede, Henning}},
  title        = {{{Economic Integration of a High-Temperature Heat Pump with Flexible Part-load Operation}}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@misc{55584,
  author       = {{Divkovic, Denis and Meschede, Henning}},
  publisher    = {{University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore}},
  title        = {{{Decarbonisation and extension of existing district heating systems in German cities}}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}