@article{63512,
  abstract     = {{The state of the art shows that PBF-LB/M offers great potential for pressure-loaded parts, with significant weight reductions and simultaneous optimization of flow resistance. This study is aimed at applying existing calculation methods for pressure-loaded parts to additively manufactured pipe structures, considering the two materials EN AC-43000 (3.2381, AlSi10Mg) and AISI 316L (1.4404, X2CrNiMo17-12-2). For this purpose, systematic tensile tests are carried out for both materials. In addition, a statistical evaluation is performed to determine the design-relevant strength characteristics with a survival probability Ps of 97.5 % for both materials in the as-built and heat-treated condition.
Pipe specimens are manufactured, half of which are heat treated, geometrically measured and then subjected to a burst pressure test to experimentally determine the failure-critical internal pressure. These results are compared with calculated burst pressures. The calculations are based on the application-relevant methods identified in this study, considering the strength values determined for the respective material condition. This comparison is used to assess the suitability of the calculation methods for additively manufactured pipe structures, based on the materials investigated.}},
  author       = {{Koers, Thorsten and Magyar, Balázs and Bödger, Christian and Tröster, Thomas}},
  issn         = {{0308-0161}},
  journal      = {{International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping}},
  keywords     = {{PBF-LB/M, Pipe structures, Strength assessment, Burst pressure test, Geometrical deviations}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{Analytical and experimental determination of the failure-critical pressure of pipe structures manufactured by PBF-LB/M}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.ijpvp.2026.105753}},
  year         = {{2026}},
}

@inbook{60834,
  author       = {{Ott, Manuel and Jung, Philipp and Bödger, Christian and Mozgova, Iryna and Koch, Rainer and Tröster, Thomas}},
  booktitle    = {{Innovative Produktentwicklung durch additive Fertigung}},
  editor       = {{Lachmayer, Roland and Kaierle, Stefan and Oel, Marcus}},
  pages        = {{117--127}},
  title        = {{{Fused Deposition Modeling and its Extension Through Metal-Filled Filaments as a Means of Self-Help for Individuals with Physical Disabilities}}},
  doi          = {{doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-69327-8}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@article{57467,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p>Additive manufacturing of metallic components often results in the formation of columnar grain structures aligned along the build direction. These elongated grains can introduce anisotropy, negatively impacting the mechanical properties of the components. This study aimed to achieve controlled solidification with a fine-grained microstructure to enhance the mechanical performance of printed parts. Stainless steel 316L was used as the test material. High-intensity ultrasound was applied during the direct energy deposition (DED) process to inhibit the formation of columnar grains. The investigation emphasized the importance of amplitude changes of the ultrasound wave as the system’s geometry continuously evolves with the addition of multiple layers and assessed how these changes influence the grain size and distribution. Initial tests revealed significant amplitude fluctuations during layer deposition, highlighting the impact of layer deposition on process uniformity. The mechanical results demonstrated that the application of ultrasound effectively refined the grain structure, leading to a 15% increase in tensile strength compared to conventionally additively manufactured samples.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Lehnert, Dennis and Bödger, Christian and Pabel, Philipp and Scheidemann, Claus and Hemsel, Tobias and Gnaase, Stefan and Kostka, David and Tröster, Thomas}},
  issn         = {{2073-4352}},
  journal      = {{Crystals}},
  number       = {{11}},
  publisher    = {{MDPI AG}},
  title        = {{{The Influence of Ultrasonic Irradiation of a 316L Weld Pool Produced by DED on the Mechanical Properties of the Produced Component}}},
  doi          = {{10.3390/cryst14111001}},
  volume       = {{14}},
  year         = {{2024}},
}

@inproceedings{50742,
  abstract     = {{The nickel-based alloy Inconel 718, which is used in aerospace technology, poses a great
challenge to conventional machining due to its high strain hardening and toughness. Here, the laser
powder bed fusion process (LPBF) offers an alternative with potential savings if sufficiently high
productivity can be achieved. Based on the parameter study carried out, starting from the SLM
Solutions standard parameters for the manufacturing of components, exposure parameters could be
developed to realize manufacturing with 120 μm and 150 μm layer thickness, with almost the same
geometric accuracy. For this purpose, the process parameters of laser power, focus diameter, hatch
distance and scan speed were varied. The negative defocusing of the laser showed a positive effect
on the density of the parts, realizing densities ≥ 99.94 %, with high dimensional stability and good
mechanical properties. Considering the reduced manufacturing time of up to 61 %, a significant
increase in productivity was achieved.}},
  author       = {{Bödger, Christian and Gnaase, Stefan and Lehnert, Dennis and Tröster, Thomas}},
  booktitle    = {{Proceedings of the 34th Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium – An Additive Manufacturing Conference}},
  location     = {{Austin}},
  title        = {{{Investigation of the influence of process parameters on productivity in the LPBF process for the material Inconel 718}}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@article{37200,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p>(1) This work answers the question of whether and to what extent there is a significant difference in mechanical properties when different additive manufacturing processes are applied to the material 1.2709. The Laser-Powder-Bed-Fusion (L-PBF) and Laser-Metal-Deposition (LMD) processes are considered, as they differ fundamentally in the way a part is manufactured. (2) Known process parameters for low-porosity parts were used to fabricate tensile strength specimens. Half of the specimens were heat-treated, and all specimens were tested for mechanical properties in a quasi-static tensile test. In addition, the material hardness was determined. (3) It was found that, firstly, heat treatment resulted in a sharp increase in mechanical properties such as hardness, elastic modulus, yield strength and ultimate strength. In addition to the increase in these properties, the elongation at break also decreases significantly after heat treatment. The choice of process, on the other hand, does not give either process a clear advantage in terms of mechanical properties but shows that it is necessary to consider the essential mechanical properties for a desired application.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Gnaase, Stefan and Niggemeyer, Dennis and Lehnert, Dennis and Bödger, Christian and Tröster, Thomas}},
  issn         = {{2073-4352}},
  journal      = {{Crystals}},
  keywords     = {{Inorganic Chemistry, Condensed Matter Physics, General Materials Science, General Chemical Engineering}},
  number       = {{2}},
  publisher    = {{MDPI AG}},
  title        = {{{Comparative Study of the Influence of Heat Treatment and Additive Manufacturing Process (LMD &amp; L-PBF) on the Mechanical Properties of Specimens Manufactured from 1.2709}}},
  doi          = {{10.3390/cryst13020157}},
  volume       = {{13}},
  year         = {{2023}},
}

@inproceedings{50744,
  abstract     = {{The manufacturing industry contributes immensely to the global emissions and therefore is
a key factor that has to be addressed when a more sustainable production is desired. Laser Powder
Bed Fusion (LPBF) is an AM technique that offers the possibility to manufacture metal parts in a
more material efficient way due to the layer-by-layer build-up. Nevertheless, the processing chain
for parts from LPBF contains additional steps like powder atomization, which also influence the
ecological footprint of the production chain. Within this work, a life-cycle model for the production
step of parts from AlSi10Mg powder material is developed. The model is supplied with data from
the powder atomization up to the production step, either by literature, database or experimental
measurements during production. The footprint in terms of CO2 emissions is then analyzed and
emission-intense steps are identified. Two manufacturing scenarios are considered to evaluate the
sensitivity on the emissions.}},
  author       = {{Bödger, Christian and Weiss, Christian and Schiefer, Ekkehard and Heussen, Daniel and Haefner, Constantin}},
  booktitle    = {{Proceedings of the 33rd Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium – An Additive Manufacturing Conference}},
  location     = {{Austin}},
  title        = {{{Evaluation of the Ecological Footprint for Parts from AlSi10Mg manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion}}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}