@article{11867, abstract = {{New waves of consumer-centric applications, such as voice search and voice interaction with mobile devices and home entertainment systems, increasingly require automatic speech recognition (ASR) to be robust to the full range of real-world noise and other acoustic distorting conditions. Despite its practical importance, however, the inherent links between and distinctions among the myriad of methods for noise-robust ASR have yet to be carefully studied in order to advance the field further. To this end, it is critical to establish a solid, consistent, and common mathematical foundation for noise-robust ASR, which is lacking at present. This article is intended to fill this gap and to provide a thorough overview of modern noise-robust techniques for ASR developed over the past 30 years. We emphasize methods that are proven to be successful and that are likely to sustain or expand their future applicability. We distill key insights from our comprehensive overview in this field and take a fresh look at a few old problems, which nevertheless are still highly relevant today. Specifically, we have analyzed and categorized a wide range of noise-robust techniques using five different criteria: 1) feature-domain vs. model-domain processing, 2) the use of prior knowledge about the acoustic environment distortion, 3) the use of explicit environment-distortion models, 4) deterministic vs. uncertainty processing, and 5) the use of acoustic models trained jointly with the same feature enhancement or model adaptation process used in the testing stage. With this taxonomy-oriented review, we equip the reader with the insight to choose among techniques and with the awareness of the performance-complexity tradeoffs. The pros and cons of using different noise-robust ASR techniques in practical application scenarios are provided as a guide to interested practitioners. The current challenges and future research directions in this field is also carefully analyzed.}}, author = {{Li, Jinyu and Deng, Li and Gong, Yifan and Haeb-Umbach, Reinhold}}, journal = {{IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech and Language Processing}}, keywords = {{Speech recognition, compensation, distortion modeling, joint model training, noise, robustness, uncertainty processing}}, number = {{4}}, pages = {{745--777}}, title = {{{An Overview of Noise-Robust Automatic Speech Recognition}}}, doi = {{10.1109/TASLP.2014.2304637}}, volume = {{22}}, year = {{2014}}, } @inproceedings{11918, abstract = {{In this paper, we investigate unsupervised acoustic model training approaches for dysarthric-speech recognition. These models are first, frame-based Gaussian posteriorgrams, obtained from Vector Quantization (VQ), second, so-called Acoustic Unit Descriptors (AUDs), which are hidden Markov models of phone-like units, that are trained in an unsupervised fashion, and, third, posteriorgrams computed on the AUDs. Experiments were carried out on a database collected from a home automation task and containing nine speakers, of which seven are considered to utter dysarthric speech. All unsupervised modeling approaches delivered significantly better recognition rates than a speaker-independent phoneme recognition baseline, showing the suitability of unsupervised acoustic model training for dysarthric speech. While the AUD models led to the most compact representation of an utterance for the subsequent semantic inference stage, posteriorgram-based representations resulted in higher recognition rates, with the Gaussian posteriorgram achieving the highest slot filling F-score of 97.02%. Index Terms: unsupervised learning, acoustic unit descriptors, dysarthric speech, non-negative matrix factorization}}, author = {{Walter, Oliver and Despotovic, Vladimir and Haeb-Umbach, Reinhold and Gemmeke, Jrt and Ons, Bart and Van hamme, Hugo}}, booktitle = {{INTERSPEECH 2014}}, title = {{{An Evaluation of Unsupervised Acoustic Model Training for a Dysarthric Speech Interface}}}, year = {{2014}}, } @inproceedings{11974, author = {{Berger, Mario and Erlacher, Felix and Sommer, Christoph and Dressler, Falko}}, booktitle = {{2014 International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC)}}, isbn = {{9781479923588}}, title = {{{Adaptive load allocation for combining Anomaly Detectors using controlled skips}}}, doi = {{10.1109/iccnc.2014.6785438}}, year = {{2014}}, } @inproceedings{11978, author = {{Bloessl, Bastian and Segata, Michele and Sommer, Christoph and Dressler, Falko}}, booktitle = {{2013 IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference}}, isbn = {{9781479926879}}, title = {{{Towards an Open Source IEEE 802.11p stack: A full SDR-based transceiver in GNU Radio}}}, doi = {{10.1109/vnc.2013.6737601}}, year = {{2014}}, } @inproceedings{11979, author = {{Bloessl, Bastian and Puschmann, Andre and Sommer, Christoph and Dressler, Falko}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the 9th ACM international workshop on Wireless network testbeds, experimental evaluation and characterization - WiNTECH '14}}, isbn = {{9781450330725}}, title = {{{Timings matter}}}, doi = {{10.1145/2643230.2643240}}, year = {{2014}}, } @inproceedings{11994, author = {{Dressler, Falko and Handle, Philipp and Sommer, Christoph}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the 2014 ACM international workshop on Wireless and mobile technologies for smart cities - WiMobCity '14}}, isbn = {{9781450330367}}, title = {{{Towards a vehicular cloud - using parked vehicles as a temporary network and storage infrastructure}}}, doi = {{10.1145/2633661.2633671}}, year = {{2014}}, } @inproceedings{11996, author = {{Eckert, Juergen and Sommer, Christoph and Eckhoff, David}}, booktitle = {{Proceedings of the 11th ACM symposium on Performance evaluation of wireless ad hoc, sensor, & ubiquitous networks - PE-WASUN '14}}, isbn = {{9781450330251}}, title = {{{Towards a simulation framework for paraglider networks}}}, doi = {{10.1145/2653481.2655754}}, year = {{2014}}, } @inproceedings{12002, author = {{Eckhoff, David and Dressler, Falko and Sommer, Christoph}}, booktitle = {{38th Annual IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks}}, isbn = {{9781479905379}}, title = {{{SmartRevoc: An efficient and privacy preserving revocation system using parked vehicles}}}, doi = {{10.1109/lcn.2013.6761338}}, year = {{2014}}, } @article{12003, author = {{Eckhoff, David and Sommer, Christoph}}, issn = {{1540-7993}}, journal = {{IEEE Security & Privacy}}, pages = {{77--79}}, title = {{{Driving for Big Data? Privacy Concerns in Vehicular Networking}}}, doi = {{10.1109/msp.2014.2}}, year = {{2014}}, } @inproceedings{12008, author = {{Erlacher, Felix and Klingler, Florian and Sommer, Christoph and Dressler, Falko}}, booktitle = {{2014 11th Annual Conference on Wireless On-demand Network Systems and Services (WONS)}}, isbn = {{9781479949373}}, title = {{{On the impact of street width on 5.9 GHz radio signal propagation in vehicular networks}}}, doi = {{10.1109/wons.2014.6814735}}, year = {{2014}}, } @article{12038, author = {{Malandrino, Francesco and Casetti, Claudio and Chiasserini, Carla-Fabiana and Sommer, Christoph and Dressler, Falko}}, issn = {{0018-9545}}, journal = {{IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology}}, pages = {{4606--4617}}, title = {{{The Role of Parked Cars in Content Downloading for Vehicular Networks}}}, doi = {{10.1109/tvt.2014.2316645}}, year = {{2014}}, } @inproceedings{12046, author = {{Segata, Michele and Bloessl, Bastian and Joerer, Stefan and Sommer, Christoph and Lo Cigno, Renato and Dressler, Falko}}, booktitle = {{2013 IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference}}, isbn = {{9781479926879}}, title = {{{Short paper: Vehicle shadowing distribution depends on vehicle type: Results of an experimental study}}}, doi = {{10.1109/vnc.2013.6737623}}, year = {{2014}}, } @inproceedings{12049, author = {{Segata, Michele and Bloessl, Bastian and Sommer, Christoph and Dressler, Falko}}, booktitle = {{2014 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)}}, isbn = {{9781479920037}}, title = {{{Towards energy efficient smart phone applications: Energy models for offloading tasks into the cloud}}}, doi = {{10.1109/icc.2014.6883681}}, year = {{2014}}, } @inproceedings{12067, author = {{Sommer, Christoph and Hagenauer, Florian and Dressler, Falko}}, booktitle = {{2014 IEEE World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT)}}, isbn = {{9781479934591}}, title = {{{A networking perspective on self-organizing intersection management}}}, doi = {{10.1109/wf-iot.2014.6803164}}, year = {{2014}}, } @inproceedings{12073, author = {{Tung, Lung-Chih and Mena, Jorge and Gerla, Mario and Sommer, Christoph}}, booktitle = {{2013 12th Annual Mediterranean Ad Hoc Networking Workshop (MED-HOC-NET)}}, isbn = {{9781479910045}}, title = {{{A cluster based architecture for intersection collision avoidance using heterogeneous networks}}}, doi = {{10.1109/medhocnet.2013.6767414}}, year = {{2014}}, } @inproceedings{12977, author = {{Hellebrand, Sybille and Indlekofer, Thomas and Kampmann, Matthias and A. Kochte, Michael and Liu, Chang and Wunderlich, Hans-Joachim}}, booktitle = {{IEEE International Test Conference (ITC'14)}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{FAST-BIST: Faster-than-at-Speed BIST Targeting Hidden Delay Defects}}}, doi = {{10.1109/test.2014.7035360}}, year = {{2014}}, } @inproceedings{15660, author = {{Busjahn, Teresa and Bednarik, Roman and Schulte, Carsten}}, booktitle = {{ETRA}}, pages = {{335--338}}, publisher = {{ACM}}, title = {{{What influences dwell time during source code reading?: analysis of element type and frequency as factors}}}, year = {{2014}}, } @inproceedings{15661, author = {{Busjahn, Teresa and Schulte, Carsten and Sharif, Bonita and Begel, Andrew and Hansen, Michael and Bednarik, Roman and Orlov, Paul and Ihantola, Petri and Shchekotova, Galina and Antropova, Maria}}, booktitle = {{ICER}}, pages = {{3--10}}, publisher = {{ACM}}, title = {{{Eye tracking in computing education}}}, year = {{2014}}, } @inproceedings{15662, author = {{Busjahn, Teresa and Schulte, Carsten and Kropp, Edna}}, booktitle = {{PPIG}}, pages = {{15}}, publisher = {{Psychology of Programming Interest Group}}, title = {{{Developing Coding Schemes for Program Comprehension using Eye Movements}}}, year = {{2014}}, } @proceedings{15663, editor = {{Schulte, Carsten and E. Caspersen, Michael and Gal-Ezer, Judith}}, publisher = {{ACM}}, title = {{{Proceedings of the 9th Workshop in Primary and Secondary Computing Education, WiPSCE 2014, Berlin, Germany, November 5-7, 2014}}}, year = {{2014}}, }