@article{62900, author = {{Hjorth, Therese and Schadow, Alena Marie and Revheim, Ingrid and Spielau, Ulrike and Meyer, Klara and Rieder, Anne and Varela, Paula and Ballance, Simon and Koerner, Antje and Landberg, Rikard and Buyken, Anette and Dierkes, Jutta and Rosendahl-Riise, Hanne}}, issn = {{0002-9165}}, journal = {{The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition}}, number = {{3}}, pages = {{724--732}}, publisher = {{Elsevier BV}}, title = {{{Effectiveness of regular oat β-glucan–enriched bread compared with whole-grain wheat bread on long-term glycemic control in adults at risk of type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial}}}, doi = {{10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.06.018}}, volume = {{122}}, year = {{2025}}, } @inproceedings{62895, author = {{Schneider, Lea and Tenberge, Claudia}}, booktitle = {{Posterbeitrag im Rahmen der Jahrestagung Der Deutschen Gesellschaft Für Erziehungswissenschaften (DGFE) Kommission Grundschulforschung Und Pädagogik Der Primarstufe 15.-18.09.2025}}, location = {{Vorarlberg }}, title = {{{Technische Bildung zwischen Anspruch und Realität Einblicke in zwei Pilotstudien zur aktuellen Situation technischer Bildung}}}, year = {{2025}}, } @article{62029, author = {{Fahimi, Miriam and Kinder-Kurlanda, Katharina}}, issn = {{2364-2114}}, journal = {{Digital Culture & Society}}, number = {{2}}, pages = {{141--160}}, publisher = {{Transcript Verlag}}, title = {{{Friction in the Materialities of Value. Relating Transparency, Algorithms and Credit Scoring}}}, doi = {{10.14361/dcs-2023-0208}}, volume = {{9}}, year = {{2025}}, } @article{62912, abstract = {{We investigate the dynamics of wave packets in a parabolic optical lattice formed by combining an optical lattice with a global parabolic trap. Our study examines the phase space representation of the system's eigenstates by comparing them to the classical phase space of a pendulum, to which the system effectively maps. The analysis reveals that quantum states can exhibit mixed dynamics by straddling the separatrix. A key finding is that the dynamics around the separatrix enables the controlled creation of highly nonclassical states, distinguishing them from the classical oscillatory or rotational dynamics of the pendulum. By considering a finite momentum of the initial wave packet, we demonstrate various dynamical regimes. Furthermore, a slight energy mismatch between nearly degenerate states localized at opposite turning points of the trap potential results in controlled long-range dynamical tunneling. These results can be interpreted as quantum beating between a clockwise rotating and a counterclockwise rotating pendulum.}}, author = {{Ali, Usman and Holthaus, Martin and Meier, Torsten}}, issn = {{2643-1564}}, journal = {{Physical Review Research}}, number = {{1}}, publisher = {{American Physical Society (APS)}}, title = {{{Wave packet dynamics in parabolic optical lattices: From Bloch oscillations to long-range dynamical tunneling}}}, doi = {{10.1103/physrevresearch.7.013141}}, volume = {{7}}, year = {{2025}}, } @article{62910, abstract = {{Frequency-filtered photon correlations have been proven to be extremely useful in grasping how the detection process alters photon statistics. Harnessing the spectral correlations also permits refinement of the emission and unraveling of previously hidden strong correlations in a plethora of quantum-optical systems under continuous-wave excitation. In this work, we investigate such correlations for time-dependent excitation and develop a methodology to compute efficiently time-integrated correlations, which are at the heart of the photon-counting theory, and subsequently apply it to analyze the photon emission of pulsed systems. By combining this formalism with the —which facilitates frequency-resolved correlations—we demonstrate how spectral filtering enhances single-photon purity and suppresses multiphoton noise in time-bin-encoded quantum states. Specifically, filtering the central spectral peak of a dynamically driven two-level system boosts temporal coherence and improves the fidelity of time-bin entanglement preparation, even under conditions favoring multiphoton emission. These results establish spectral filtering as a critical tool for tailoring photon statistics in pulsed quantum light sources.}}, author = {{Bermúdez-Feijóo, Santiago and Zubizarreta Casalengua, Eduardo and Müller, Kai and Jöns, Klaus D.}}, issn = {{2643-1564}}, journal = {{Physical Review Research}}, number = {{3}}, publisher = {{American Physical Society (APS)}}, title = {{{Spectral correlations of dynamical resonance fluorescence}}}, doi = {{10.1103/jmy9-bd3l}}, volume = {{7}}, year = {{2025}}, } @article{62911, abstract = {{In this paper, we theoretically study the spectral and temporal properties of pulsed spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) generated in lossy waveguides. Our theoretical approach is based on the formalism of Gaussian states and the Langevin equation, which is elaborated for weak parametric down-conversion and photon-number-unresolved click detection. Using the example of frequency-degenerate type-II SPDC generated under the pump-idler group-velocity-matching condition, we show how the joint-spectral intensity, mode structure, normalized second-order correlation function, and Hong-Ou-Mandel interference pattern depend on internal losses of the SPDC process. We found that the joint-spectral intensity is almost insensitive to internal losses, while the second-order correlation function shows a strong dependence on them, being different for the signal and idler beams in the presence of internal losses. Based on the sensitivity of the normalized second-order correlation function, we show how its measurement can be used to experimentally determine internal losses.}}, author = {{Kopylov, Denis A. and Stefszky, Michael and Meier, Torsten and Silberhorn, Christine and Sharapova, Polina R.}}, issn = {{2643-1564}}, journal = {{Physical Review Research}}, number = {{3}}, publisher = {{American Physical Society (APS)}}, title = {{{Spectral and temporal properties of type-II parametric down-conversion: The impact of losses during state generation}}}, doi = {{10.1103/zp72-7qwl}}, volume = {{7}}, year = {{2025}}, } @inproceedings{62913, author = {{Hunstig, Anna and Peitz, Sebastian and Rose, Hendrik and Meier, Torsten}}, booktitle = {{2024 IEEE 63rd Conference on Decision and Control (CDC)}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Accelerating the analysis of optical quantum systems using the Koopman operator}}}, doi = {{10.1109/cdc56724.2024.10886589}}, year = {{2025}}, } @inproceedings{62920, author = {{Fox, Marvin Lee and Peeters, Hendrik and Fechner, Sabine}}, booktitle = {{GDCP Jahrestagung}}, keywords = {{Artificial intelligence, education, chemistry}}, location = {{Frankfurt}}, title = {{{KI-Einsatz durch Lernende im Erkenntnisgewinnungsprozess - ein Review}}}, year = {{2025}}, } @article{60568, author = {{Bocchini, Adriana and Kollmann, S. and Gerstmann, Uwe and Schmidt, Wolf Gero and Grundmeier, Guido}}, issn = {{0039-6028}}, journal = {{Surface Science}}, publisher = {{Elsevier BV}}, title = {{{Phosphonic acid adsorption on α-Bi2O3 surfaces}}}, doi = {{10.1016/j.susc.2025.122776}}, volume = {{760}}, year = {{2025}}, } @article{61353, abstract = {{Abstract Muonic hydrogen is an exotic atom where a muon instead of an electron is bound to a proton. The comparably high mass of the muon (≈ 207 · me ) has two important effects, (i) the reduced mass of the system becomes more important, and (ii) the muon is localized much closer to the nucleus. Thus, muonic hydrogen is not only excellently suitable for evaluating highly precise quantum electrodynamic (QED) calculations, but may also be used for assessing new approaches including finite nuclear size (FNS) effects to evaluate the proton structure and improve calculation schemes for the hyperfine splittings of many-particle systems, as e.g. to be implemented in density functional theory (DFT) software packages. Here, starting from Dirac’s equation we calculate the relativistic hyperfine splitting of the ground state and several excited states of muonic hydrogen analytically for different charge and magnetization models. The FNS related hyperfine shifts are compared with the differences between QED calculations and experimental measurements. This comparison also allows to unravel the role of the reduced mass, which is on one hand crucial in case of muonic atoms, but on the other hand is by no means well defined in relativistic quantum mechanics.}}, author = {{Franzke, Katharina L. and Schmidt, Wolf Gero and Gerstmann, Uwe}}, issn = {{1742-6588}}, journal = {{Journal of Physics: Conference Series}}, number = {{1}}, publisher = {{IOP Publishing}}, title = {{{Finite-size and relativistic effects onto hyperfine interaction of muonic hydrogen}}}, doi = {{10.1088/1742-6596/3027/1/012001}}, volume = {{3027}}, year = {{2025}}, } @inproceedings{61352, author = {{Devaraj, Vasanthan and Ruiz Alvarado, Isaac Azahel and Lee, Jongmin and Oh, Jin-Woo and Gerstmann, Uwe and Schmidt, Wolf Gero and Zentgraf, Thomas}}, booktitle = {{2025 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)}}, publisher = {{IEEE}}, title = {{{Dynamic and Reversible Plasmonic Nanogaps From Isolated Dimer Nanoparticles via Self-Assembly}}}, doi = {{10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec65582.2025.11109762}}, year = {{2025}}, } @article{62866, abstract = {{Abstract The development of efficient and broadly applicable n‐doping strategies for organic semiconductors (OSCs) is crucial for advancing the performance of various organic electronic devices. Here, a novel nucleophilic‐attack n‐doping mechanism is unveiled that achieves exceptionally high conductivity in doped OSC films and demonstrates broad applicability across OSCs. The remarkable efficacy of n‐Butyl lithium (n‐BuLi) is highlighted in n‐doping C 60 and PC 61 BM, achieving a conductivity of 1.27 S cm −1 and 2.57 S cm −1 , respectively, which are among the highest reported values for these materials. The investigation reveals that the n‐BuLi anion interacts with electron‐deficient units in OSCs, generating a carbanion that facilitates efficient electron transfer for n‐doping. This mechanism is further validated across diverse fullerenes, polymeric, and small molecule OSCs, and is extendable to other high‐performance dopants such as tert‐Butyllithium (tert‐BuLi) and sodium ethoxide (NaOEt). Device studies show that n‐BuLi‐doped C 60 enables substantially improved diode rectification, attributed to greater junction built‐in potential. These findings establish a unified chemical‐bonding‐based n‐doping paradigm, complementing existing electrophilic‐attack p‐doping concepts, and pave the way for achieving efficient doping of OSCs for advanced organic electronic applications. }}, author = {{Wei, Huan and Wu, Tong and Dong, Chuanding and Chen, Chen and Gong, Zhenqi and Xia, Jiangnan and Peng, Chengyuan and Ding, Jiaqi and Zhang, Yu and Shi, Wenpei and Schumacher, Stefan and Zhang, Xue and Bai, Yugang and Jiang, Lang and Liao, Lei and Nguyen, Thuc‐Quyen and Hu, Yuanyuan}}, issn = {{2198-3844}}, journal = {{Advanced Science}}, publisher = {{Wiley}}, title = {{{Efficient n‐Doping of Organic Semiconductors via a Broadly Applicable Nucleophilic‐Attack Mechanism}}}, doi = {{10.1002/advs.202520487}}, year = {{2025}}, } @article{60992, abstract = {{Non-Hermitian systems hosting exceptional points (EPs) exhibit enhanced sensitivity and unconventional mode dynamics. Going beyond isolated EPs, here we report on the existence of exceptional rings (ERs) in planar optical resonators with specific form of circular dichroism and TE-TM splitting. Such exceptional rings possess intriguing topologies as discussed earlier for condensed matter systems, but they remain virtually unexplored in presence of nonlinearity, for which our photonic platform is ideal. We find that when Kerr-type nonlinearity (or saturable gain) is introduced, the linear ER splits into two concentric ERs, with the larger-radius ring being a ring of third-order EPs. Transitioning from linear to nonlinear regime, we present a rigorous analysis of spectral topology and report enhanced and adjustable perturbation response in the nonlinear regime. Whereas certain features are specific to our system, the results on non-Hermitian spectral topology and nonlinearity-enhanced perturbation response are generic and equally relevant to a broad class of other nonlinear non-Hermitian systems, providing a universal framework for engineering ERs and EPs in nonlinear non-Hermitian systems.}}, author = {{Wingenbach, Jan and Ares Santos, Laura and Ma, Xuekai and Sperling, Jan and Schumacher, Stefan}}, journal = {{Arxiv}}, publisher = {{Arxiv}}, title = {{{Sensitivity and Topology of Exceptional Rings in Nonlinear Non-Hermitian Planar Optical Microcavities}}}, doi = {{10.48550/ARXIV.2507.07099}}, year = {{2025}}, } @article{62926, abstract = {{Abstract Negatively charged boron vacancies () in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) are emerging as promising solid‐state spin qubits due to their optical accessibility, structural simplicity, and compatibility with photonic platforms. However, quantifying the density of such defects in thin hBN flakes has remained elusive, limiting progress in device integration and reproducibility. Here, an all‐optical method is presented to quantify defect density in hBN by correlating Raman and photoluminescence (PL) signatures with irradiation fluence. Two defect‐induced Raman modes, D1 and D2, are identified and assigned them to vibrational modes of using polarization‐resolved Raman measurements and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. By adapting a numerical model originally developed for graphene, an empirical relationship linking Raman (D1, E 2g ) and PL intensities is established to absolute defect densities. This method is universally applicable across various irradiation types and uniquely suited for thin flakes, where conventional techniques fail. The approach enables accurate, direct, and non‐destructive quantification of spin defect densities down to 10 15  defects/cm 3 , offering a powerful tool for optimizing and benchmarking hBN for quantum optical applications. }}, author = {{Patra, Atanu and Konrad, Paul and Sperlich, Andreas and Biktagirov, Timur and Schmidt, Wolf Gero and Spencer, Lesley and Aharonovich, Igor and Höfling, Sven and Dyakonov, Vladimir}}, issn = {{1616-301X}}, journal = {{Advanced Functional Materials}}, publisher = {{Wiley}}, title = {{{Quantifying Spin Defect Density in hBN via Raman and Photoluminescence Analysis}}}, doi = {{10.1002/adfm.202517851}}, year = {{2025}}, } @article{54110, author = {{Heise, Tillmann}}, issn = {{2195-0598}}, journal = {{Forum Interdisziplinäre Begriffsgeschichte }}, number = {{1}}, pages = {{43--57}}, title = {{{Umkämpfte Semantiken des ‚Europäischen‘ in der Weltanschauungsliteratur der Zwischenkriegszeit}}}, doi = {{https://doi.org/10.13151/fib.2025.01.05}}, volume = {{13/14}}, year = {{2025}}, } @article{61156, abstract = {{Explainability has become an important topic in computer science and artificial intelligence, leading to a subfield called Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI). The goal of providing or seeking explanations is to achieve (better) ‘understanding’ on the part of the explainee. However, what it means to ‘understand’ is still not clearly defined, and the concept itself is rarely the subject of scientific investigation. This conceptual article aims to present a model of forms of understanding for XAI-explanations and beyond. From an interdisciplinary perspective bringing together computer science, linguistics, sociology, philosophy and psychology, a definition of understanding and its forms, assessment, and dynamics during the process of giving everyday explanations are explored. Two types of understanding are considered as possible outcomes of explanations, namely enabledness, ‘knowing how’ to do or decide something, and comprehension, ‘knowing that’ – both in different degrees (from shallow to deep). Explanations regularly start with shallow understanding in a specific domain and can lead to deep comprehension and enabledness of the explanandum, which we see as a prerequisite for human users to gain agency. In this process, the increase of comprehension and enabledness are highly interdependent. Against the background of this systematization, special challenges of understanding in XAI are discussed.}}, author = {{Buschmeier, Hendrik and Buhl, Heike M. and Kern, Friederike and Grimminger, Angela and Beierling, Helen and Fisher, Josephine Beryl and Groß, André and Horwath, Ilona and Klowait, Nils and Lazarov, Stefan Teodorov and Lenke, Michael and Lohmer, Vivien and Rohlfing, Katharina and Scharlau, Ingrid and Singh, Amit and Terfloth, Lutz and Vollmer, Anna-Lisa and Wang, Yu and Wilmes, Annedore and Wrede, Britta}}, journal = {{Cognitive Systems Research}}, keywords = {{understanding, explaining, explanations, explainable, AI, interdisciplinarity, comprehension, enabledness, agency}}, title = {{{Forms of Understanding for XAI-Explanations}}}, doi = {{10.1016/j.cogsys.2025.101419}}, volume = {{94}}, year = {{2025}}, } @article{61982, abstract = {{Doped Co3O4 nanoparticles are investigated via spectro-electrochemistry in the (pre-) oxygen evolution reaction (OER) regime by tracing the absorption signal of the Co3+ d–d transition under applied bias for getting insight into the catalysts activation and the formation of catalytically active phases. In the low potential regime up to 1.37 VRHE, a rise in the optical absorption signal of the [Co3+]oct d–d transition is observed and attributed to a structural change from [Co2+]tet to [Co3+]oct due to an electrochemically induced surface restructuring with water. For applied potentials higher than 1.37 VRHE an overall offset of the absorption spectra in the UV–vis range, equivalent to a darkening of the materials is detected. This is attributed to the formation of a CoOx(OH)y skin layer as supported by high-energy X-ray diffraction (HE-XRD) measurements. We found that the kinetics of the Co3+ states are heavily influenced by the type of dopant with V-doped Co3O4 exhibiting stable Co3+ states (>20 min) while the Mn-doped Co3O4 Co3+ states reduce within 36 s under reductive bias. We conclude that doping Co3O4 with transition metals affects the formation and potential-dependent thickness of the CoOx(OH)y skin layer as the catalytically active phase and the formation of long-time stable surface Co3+ states after activation in the first OER cycle.}}, author = {{Kampermann, L. and Klein, J. and Wagner, T. and Kotova, A. and Placke-Yan, C. and Yasar, A. and Jacobse, L. and Lasagna, S. and Leppin, Christian and Schulz, S. and Linnemann, Julia and Bergmann, A. and Roldan Cuenya, B. and Bacher, G.}}, issn = {{2155-5435}}, journal = {{ACS Catalysis}}, keywords = {{electrocatalysis, oxygen evolution reaction, cobalt spinel, operando characterization, spectroelectrochemistry}}, number = {{21}}, pages = {{18391--18403}}, publisher = {{American Chemical Society (ACS)}}, title = {{{Operando Analysis of the Pre-OER Activation of Metal-Doped Co3O4 Nanoparticle Catalysts}}}, doi = {{10.1021/acscatal.5c03900}}, volume = {{15}}, year = {{2025}}, } @article{62932, abstract = {{Many previous studies on the conceptual function of metaphors have focused on their func-tion of highlighting aspects of target concepts. From the beginning of this research, it was knownthat conceptual metaphors also hide aspects of the target concept; however, this as-pect has been less studied. This study builds upon the idea that the hiding aspect of a specific metaphor should be identified in relation to other metaphors for the same concept. A method is presented to detail this relation based on the theory of semantic frames and the FrameNet resource to identify the hidden aspects and apply it to a corpus of 298 elicited metaphor texts on the target concept of understanding. The analysis revealed that certain conceptual aspects are consistently hidden by a majority of metaphors, pointing to patterns in conceptualization. Using this approach, six aspects frequently hidden by metaphors were identified: Sociality, Transfer, Ownership, Perception, Foundation and Duration.}}, author = {{Porwol, Philip Fabian and Scharlau, Ingrid}}, journal = {{STUDIA NEOFILOLOGICZ: NEROZPRAWY JĘZYKOZNAWCZE (Modern Language Studies: Linguistic Essays)}}, pages = {{181--198}}, publisher = {{Uniwersytet Jana Długosza w Częstochowie}}, title = {{{What do metaphors of understanding hide?}}}, volume = {{XXI}}, year = {{2025}}, } @inproceedings{62931, author = {{Behler, Felix}}, booktitle = {{8th Digital DACH Victorianists Workshop – Mediating Medicine: Health and Illness in the Victorian Age. Organisation: Dr. Julia Ditter (Universität Bremen), Dr. Anne Korfmacher (Universität Graz).}}, location = {{Digital}}, title = {{{Baked Apples and Bitter Ales: Richard Jefferies, Rural Health, and the Medical Imagination in Amaryllis at the Fair (1887)}}}, year = {{2025}}, } @article{62933, author = {{Lenz, Sarah}}, issn = {{2666-1888}}, journal = {{Sustainable Futures}}, publisher = {{Elsevier BV}}, title = {{{Negotiating the future: legitimacy and power dynamics in Europe's twin transition}}}, doi = {{10.1016/j.sftr.2025.101134}}, volume = {{10}}, year = {{2025}}, }