@techreport{62981,
  abstract     = {{Otus is a high-performance computing cluster that was launched in 2025 and is operated by the Paderborn Center for Parallel Computing (PC2) at Paderborn University in Germany. The system is part of the National High Performance Computing (NHR) initiative. Otus complements the previous supercomputer Noctua 2, offering approximately twice the computing power while retaining the three node types that were characteristic of Noctua 2: 1) CPU compute nodes with different memory capacities, 2) high-end GPU nodes, and 3) HPC-grade FPGA nodes. On the Top500 list, which ranks the 500 most powerful supercomputers in the world, Otus is in position 164 with the CPU partition and in position 255 with the GPU partition (June 2025). On the Green500 list, ranking the 500 most energy-efficient supercomputers in the world, Otus is in position 5 with the GPU partition (June 2025).


This article provides a comprehensive overview of the system in terms of its hardware, software, system integration, and its overall integration into the data center building to ensure energy-efficient operation. The article aims to provide unique insights for scientists using the system and for other centers operating HPC clusters. The article will be continuously updated to reflect the latest system setup and measurements. }},
  author       = {{Ehtesabi, Sadaf and Hossain, Manoar and Kenter, Tobias and Krawinkel, Andreas and Ostermann, Lukas and Plessl, Christian and Riebler, Heinrich and Rohde, Stefan and Schade, Robert and Schwarz, Michael and Simon, Jens and Winnwa, Nils and Wiens, Alex and Wu, Xin}},
  keywords     = {{Otus, Supercomputer, FPGA, PC2, Paderborn Center for Parallel Computing, Noctua 2, HPC}},
  pages        = {{33}},
  publisher    = {{Paderborn Center for Parallel Computing (PC2)}},
  title        = {{{Otus Supercomputer}}},
  doi          = {{10.48550/ARXIV.2512.07401}},
  volume       = {{1}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@inproceedings{65124,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p>To remain competitive, companies must continuously adapt their value proposition, especially in response to increasing demands for sustainability and digitalisation. Small and medium-sized enterprises often struggle to implement future-oriented digital business models. The aim is to develop decision support to help companies plan ahead and assess their value proposition, with a focus on foresighted planning. Based on literature research, expert interviews and the analysis of existing solutions, an understanding of “sustainable value” and requirements of decision support are defined. Decision support is implemented in a software. The main contribution is the setup of functions and content such as a list of influence factors, analysing influences and evaluating ideas, control questions and support for the implementation of digital business models. Validation through expert interviews and workshops in mechanical and plant engineering shows that the software supports enterprises in foresighted planning of value proposition and the selection of a concept for digital business models. It makes them robust towards the variety of future scenarios.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Gräßler, Iris and Tusek, Alena Marie}},
  booktitle    = {{AHFE International}},
  issn         = {{2771-0718}},
  publisher    = {{AHFE International}},
  title        = {{{Software-supported decision support for the foresighted planning of digital business models}}},
  doi          = {{10.54941/ahfe1006769}},
  volume       = {{198}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@inbook{65160,
  author       = {{Kamcili-Yildiz, Naciye and Keuchen, Marion}},
  booktitle    = {{Was hat das mit mir zu tun? Zugänge zur Tradition in der islamischen Religionspädagogik}},
  editor       = {{Kamcili-Yildiz, Naciye}},
  isbn         = {{ ‎ 978-3119149419}},
  pages        = {{104--116}},
  publisher    = {{de Gruyter}},
  title        = {{{„Ich mache mir die Welt, wie sie mir gefällt.“ Jona und Yūnus in Kinderbibel, Kinderkoran und interreligiösen Lesebüchern }}},
  doi          = {{10.1515/9783111674568-007}},
  volume       = {{3}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@inproceedings{65165,
  abstract     = {{Der Beitrag nimmt die Darstellung muslimischer Menschen in evangelischen Religionsbüchern der Jahrgangsstufen 7/8 in den Blick und untersucht sie aus klassismuskritischer Perspektive. Im Zentrum steht die Frage, welche religiösen und sozialen Deutungsmuster in Wort und Bild vermittelt und wie diese didaktisch gerahmt werden. Die Analyse verbindet schulbuchdidaktische und gesellschaftskritische Zugänge, indem sie Karlo Meyers Konzept des „doppelten Individuenrekurses“ mit einem klassismustheoretischen Ansatz nach Markus Gamper und Annett Kupfer verknüpft. Der Beitrag leistet auch eine intersektionale Reflexion im Blick auf eine interreligiöse Religionsdidaktik und mit der Schulbuchforschung verbunden auch einen Beitrag zu einer politischen Religionspädagogik, die mehrheitsgesellschaftliche Stereotype reflektieren lernt.
}},
  author       = {{Kamcili-Yildiz, Naciye and Keuchen, Marion}},
  booktitle    = {{theo web. Zeitschrift für Religionspädagogik. Selig sind die Besitzlosen?!}},
  keywords     = {{Islam, Klassismus, Diskriminierung, Schulbuchforschung, Schulbuch, Migration}},
  location     = {{Augsburg}},
  number       = {{2}},
  pages        = {{139--152}},
  title        = {{{Zwischen Supermarktkasse und Anwaltskanzlei. Eine klassismuskritische Perspektive auf die Darstellung von Muslim:innen in evangelischen Religionsbüchern}}},
  doi          = {{10.58069}},
  volume       = {{24}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@inbook{65167,
  abstract     = {{Through the Reformation, the Bible and education gained central importance. The Reformation principle that the Bible as Holy Scripture should be the only basis and norm for faith (sola Scriptura) emphasized the importance of reading and writing. The Reformers wanted children and laypeople to become independent church members. Teaching material was needed for school lessons, and study Bibles with pictures were produced; Martin Luther’s Little Prayer Book (1529) served as a prototype. The Lay Bible (1540) by Wendelin Rihel was a continuation of Luther’s Little Prayer Book. This innovative period laid the foundation for later children’s Bible traditions.
}},
  author       = {{Keuchen, Marion}},
  booktitle    = {{The Oxford Handbook of the Bible and the Reformation}},
  editor       = {{Powell McNutt, Jennifer and Selderhuis, Herman}},
  isbn         = {{ 9780198753186}},
  keywords     = {{Reformation children’s Bibles, Bible illustrations, lay Bible, passional, Martin Luther, Wendelin Rihel, religious education of children}},
  pages        = {{171--185}},
  publisher    = {{Oxford University Press}},
  title        = {{{Children’s Bibles in the Reformation: Martin Luther‘s „Passional“ (1529) and Wendelin Rihel‘s „Leienbibel (1540)}}},
  doi          = {{10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198753186.013.13}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@inproceedings{65172,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p>Abstract. The process of joining is used in numerous sectors of the manufacturing industry, where constructions composed of individual components or metal sheets are combined to form complex structures. A straightforward and pervasive approach for joining materials of disparate natures and coated surfaces is clinching. During the clinching process, plastic deformation, residual stresses and damage are introduced into the joint. Due to time-varying service loads cracks can initiate and propagate in the vicinity of the joint which limits the lifetime of the clinched structure. In order to prevent those damage cases, it is crucial to perform fracture mechanical evaluation of cracks in the joint region. Therefore, this publication deals with the question of how plastic deformation, residual stresses and damage need to be considered for the assessment of a crack. For this purpose, simple substitute models are employed to illustrate the principles based on the clinching application example.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Weiß, Deborah and Duffe, Tobias and Joy, Tintu David and Kullmer, Gunter}},
  booktitle    = {{Materials Research Proceedings}},
  issn         = {{2474-395X}},
  publisher    = {{Materials Research Forum LLC}},
  title        = {{{Consideration of residual stresses and damage in the fracture mechanical investigation of mechanically joined structures}}},
  doi          = {{10.21741/9781644903551-28}},
  volume       = {{52}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@article{63909,
  abstract     = {{<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction</jats:title><jats:p>Human-machine interactions become increasingly pervasive in daily life and professional contexts, motivating research to examine how human behavior changes when individuals interact with machines rather than other humans. While most of the existing literature focused on human-machine interactions with algorithmic systems in advisory roles, research on human behavior in monitoring or verification processes that are conducted by automated systems remains largely absent. This is surprising given the growing implementation of algorithmic systems in institutions, particularly in tax enforcement and financial regulation, to help monitor and identify misreports, or in online labor platforms widely implementing algorithmic control to ensure that workers deliver high service quality. Our study examines how human dishonesty changes when verification of statements that may be untrue is performed by machines vs. humans, and how ambiguity in the verification process influences dishonest behavior.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method</jats:title><jats:p>We design an incentivized laboratory experiment using a modified die-roll paradigm where participants privately observe a random draw and report the result, with higher reported numbers yielding greater monetary rewards. A probabilistic verification process introduces risk of identifying a lie and punishment, with treatments varying by verification entity (human vs. machine) and degree of ambiguity in the verification process (transparent vs. ambiguous).</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>Our results show that under transparent verification rules, cheating magnitude does not significantly differ between human and machine auditors. However, under ambiguous conditions, cheating magnitude is significantly higher when machines verify participants' reports, reducing the prevalence of partial cheating while leading to behavioral polarization manifested as either complete honesty or maximal overreporting. The same applies when comparing reports to a machine entity under ambiguous and transparent verification rules.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion</jats:title><jats:p>These findings emphasize the behavioral implications of algorithmic opacity in verification contexts. While machines can serve as effective auditors under transparent conditions, their black box nature combined with ambiguous verification processes may unintentionally incentivize more severe dishonesty. These insights have practical implications for designing automated oversight systems in tax audits, compliance, and workplace monitoring.</jats:p></jats:sec>}},
  author       = {{Protte, Marius and Mir Djawadi, Behnud}},
  issn         = {{2813-5296}},
  journal      = {{Frontiers in Behavioral Economics}},
  publisher    = {{Frontiers Media SA}},
  title        = {{{Human vs. algorithmic auditors: the impact of entity type and ambiguity on human dishonesty}}},
  doi          = {{10.3389/frbhe.2025.1645749}},
  volume       = {{4}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@article{63908,
  author       = {{Mir Djawadi, Behnud and Plaß, Sabrina and Loer, Sabrina}},
  issn         = {{0014-2921}},
  journal      = {{European Economic Review}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{“I don’t believe that you believe what I believe”: an experiment on misperceptions of social norms and whistleblowing}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.euroecorev.2025.105189}},
  volume       = {{180}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@inproceedings{65187,
  author       = {{Keuchen, Marion and Lindemeyer, Sabine}},
  booktitle    = {{Rituale und Spiritualität - auch für religiös ungebundene Menschen}},
  editor       = {{Böhme, Thomas and Kuhlmann, Birgit and Meuche, Katrin and Wenk, Anne-Kathrin and Wittmann-Stasch, Bettina}},
  isbn         = {{978-3-943410-36-5}},
  location     = {{Hamburg}},
  pages        = {{68--79}},
  publisher    = {{Comenius-Institut}},
  title        = {{{Durch Schulseelsorge Demokratiefähigkeit bilden}}},
  volume       = {{11}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@misc{65185,
  author       = {{Keuchen, Marion}},
  pages        = {{60--61}},
  publisher    = {{Evangelische Kirche im Rheinland}},
  title        = {{{Dankbarkeitskoffer. Schulseelsorge in Hochschule und Schule}}},
  volume       = {{4}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@misc{65188,
  author       = {{Fermor, Gotthard and Janssen, Wibke and Keuchen, Marion and Ruddat, David}},
  publisher    = {{Deutscher Evangelischer Kirchentag}},
  title        = {{{Mut zum Widerspruch. Bibelarbeit auf dem Weg zu Markus 7,24-30}}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@article{63911,
  author       = {{Mir Djawadi, Behnud and Plaß, Sabrina and Loer, Sabrina}},
  journal      = {{SSRN Electronic Journal}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{Social Information Interventions under Competing Norms: Evidence from a Whistleblowing Experiment}}},
  doi          = {{http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5345248}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@article{63912,
  author       = {{Mir Djawadi, Behnud and Wester, Lisa}},
  journal      = {{SSRN Electronic Journal}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{Social Interaction and Feedback-Giving Behavior in the Sharing Economy - An Experimental Analysis}}},
  doi          = {{https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5345248}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@inproceedings{65205,
  author       = {{Moritzer, Elmar and Lingnau, Kai Martin}},
  booktitle    = {{The 40th International Conference of Polymer Processing Society}},
  title        = {{{Transfer of powder-based direct coating in the injection molding process from two dimensional components to three-dimensional components}}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@inproceedings{65211,
  author       = {{Held, Christian and Moritzer, Elmar}},
  booktitle    = {{FA11 – Kunststoff-Fügen}},
  title        = {{{Werkstofflicher Ansatz zum adhäsiv-basierten Fügen für hochflexible TPE-Organobleche als Verstärkungsstruktur}}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@inproceedings{65203,
  author       = {{Held, Christian and Moritzer, Elmar}},
  booktitle    = {{the 40th International Conference of Polymer Processing Society}},
  title        = {{{Influence of the processing parameters on the mechanical strenght of injection moulded BMC components for direct screwing}}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@inproceedings{65208,
  author       = {{Rempel, Timm and Brüning, Florian}},
  booktitle    = {{ANTEC}},
  title        = {{{Investigations into the specific throughput stability of conical feed zones over the rotation speed during the direct processing of polypropylene regrind}}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@inproceedings{65209,
  author       = {{Held, Christian and Moritzer, Elmar}},
  booktitle    = {{FA11 – Kunststoff-Fügen}},
  title        = {{{Werkstoffgerechte Auslegung von Direktverschraubungen in SMC/BMC Bauteilen}}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@inproceedings{65210,
  author       = {{Held, Christian and Moritzer, Elmar}},
  booktitle    = {{FA11 – Kunststoff-Fügen}},
  title        = {{{Werkstoffgerechte Auslegung von Direktverschraubungen in SMC/BMC Bauteilen}}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}

@article{63662,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p>The accurate prediction of crack initiation and propagation is essential for assessing the structural integrity of mechanically joined components and other complex assemblies. To overcome the limitations of existing finite element tools, a modular Python framework has been developed to automate three-dimensional crack growth simulations. The program combines geometric reconstruction, adaptive remeshing, and the numerical evaluation of fracture mechanics parameters within a single, fully automated workflow. The framework builds on open-source components and remains solver-independent, enabling straightforward integration with commercial or research finite element codes. A dedicated sequence of modules performs all required steps, from mesh separation and crack insertion to local submodeling, stress and displacement mapping, and iterative crack-front update, without manual interaction. The methodology was verified using a mini-compact tension (Mini-CT) specimen as a benchmark case. The numerical results demonstrate the accurate reproduction of stress intensity factors and energy release rates while achieving high computational efficiency through localized refinement. The developed approach provides a robust basis for crack growth simulations of geometrically complex or residual stress-affected structures. Its high degree of automation and flexibility makes it particularly suited for analyzing cracks in clinched and riveted joints, supporting the predictive design and durability assessment of joined lightweight structures.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Krome, Sven and Duffe, Tobias and Kullmer, Gunter and Schramm, Britta and Ostwald, Richard}},
  issn         = {{2076-3417}},
  journal      = {{Applied Sciences}},
  number       = {{1}},
  publisher    = {{MDPI AG}},
  title        = {{{Validation and Verification of Novel Three-Dimensional Crack Growth Simulation Software GmshCrack3D}}},
  doi          = {{10.3390/app16010384}},
  volume       = {{16}},
  year         = {{2025}},
}