@article{36328,
  abstract     = {{Aluminium-steel clad composite was manufactured by twin-roll casting. An intermetallic layer of Al5Fe2 and Al13Fe4 formed at the interface upon annealing above 500 °C. During in-situ annealing in transmission electron microscope, the layer grew towards the steel side of the interface in tongue-like protrusions. A study of furnace-annealed samples revealed, that the bulk growth of the interface phase proceeds towards the aluminium side. The growth towards steel is a surface effect that takes place simultaneously with the bulk growth towards aluminium. At the beginning of the intermetallic layer formation diffusion of Fe into aluminium prevails, afterwards Al atoms diffuse throught the newly formed intermetallic layer towards steel and the whole interface shifts towards aluminium. The kinetics of growth of the intermetallic layer follows parabolic law in both cases, indicating that the growth is governed by diffusion.}},
  author       = {{Šlapáková, Michaela and Křivská, Barbora and Fekete, Klaudia and Králík, Rostislav and Grydin, Olexandr and Stolbchenko, Mykhailo and Schaper, Mirko}},
  issn         = {{1044-5803}},
  journal      = {{Materials Characterization}},
  keywords     = {{Mechanical Engineering, Mechanics of Materials, Condensed Matter Physics, General Materials Science}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{The influence of surface on direction of diffusion in Al-Fe clad material}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.matchar.2022.112005}},
  volume       = {{190}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{23794,
  author       = {{Westermann, Hendrik and Reitz, Alexander and Mahnken, Rolf and Schaper, Mirko and Grydin, Olexandr}},
  issn         = {{1611-3683}},
  journal      = {{steel research international}},
  title        = {{{Microstructure transformations in a press hardening steel during tailored thermo‐mechanical processing}}},
  doi          = {{10.1002/srin.202100346}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{29196,
  abstract     = {{In biomedical engineering, laser powder bed fusion is an advanced manufacturing technology, which enables, for example, the production of patient-customized implants with complex geometries. Ti-6Al-7Nb shows promising improvements, especially regarding biocompatibility, compared with other titanium alloys. The biocompatible features are investigated employing cytocompatibility and antibacterial examinations on Al2O3-blasted and untreated surfaces. The mechanical properties of additively manufactured Ti-6Al-7Nb are evaluated in as-built and heat-treated conditions. Recrystallization annealing (925 °C for 4 h), β annealing (1050 °C for 2 h), as well as stress relieving (600 °C for 4 h) are applied. For microstructural investigation, scanning and transmission electron microscopy are performed. The different microstructures and the mechanical properties are compared. Mechanical behavior is determined based on quasi-static tensile tests and strain-controlled low cycle fatigue tests with total strain amplitudes εA of 0.35%, 0.5%, and 0.8%. The as-built and stress-relieved conditions meet the mechanical demands for the tensile properties of the international standard ISO 5832-11. Based on the Coffin–Manson–Basquin relation, fatigue strength and ductility coefficients, as well as exponents, are determined to examine fatigue life for the different conditions. The stress-relieved condition exhibits, overall, the best properties regarding monotonic tensile and cyclic fatigue behavior.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Hein, Maxwell and Kokalj, David and Lopes Dias, Nelson Filipe and Stangier, Dominic and Oltmanns, Hilke and Pramanik, Sudipta and Kietzmann, Manfred and Hoyer, Kay-Peter and Meißner, Jessica and Tillmann, Wolfgang and Schaper, Mirko}},
  issn         = {{2075-4701}},
  journal      = {{Metals}},
  keywords     = {{General Materials Science, Metals and Alloys, laser powder bed fusion, Ti-6Al-7Nb, titanium alloy, biomedical engineering, low cycle fatigue, microstructure, nanostructure}},
  number       = {{1}},
  publisher    = {{MDPI AG}},
  title        = {{{Low Cycle Fatigue Performance of Additively Processed and Heat-Treated Ti-6Al-7Nb Alloy for Biomedical Applications}}},
  doi          = {{10.3390/met12010122}},
  volume       = {{12}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{29811,
  abstract     = {{In order to reduce CO2 emissions in the transport sector, the approach of load-adapted components is increasingly being pursued. For the design of such components, it is crucial to determine their resulting microstructure and mechanical properties. For this purpose, continuous cooling transformation diagrams and deformation continuous cooling transformation diagrams are utilized, however, their curves are strongly influenced by the chemical composition, the initial state and especially the process parameters.

In this study, the influence of the process parameters on the transformation kinetics is systematically investigated using an innovative characterization method. The experimental setup allowed a near-process analysis of the transformation kinetics, resulting microstructure and mechanical properties for a specific process route with a reduced number of specimens. A systematic investigation of the effects of different process parameters on the microstructural and mechanical properties made it possible to reveal interactions and independencies between the process parameters in order to design a partial heating or differential cooling process. Furthermore, the implementation of two different cooling conditions, representative of differential cooling in the die relief method with tool-contact and non-contact areas, showed that the soaking duration has a significant influence on the microstructure in the non-contact tool area.}},
  author       = {{Reitz, Alexander and Grydin, Olexandr and Schaper, Mirko}},
  issn         = {{0921-5093}},
  journal      = {{Materials Science and Engineering: A}},
  keywords     = {{Mechanical Engineering, Mechanics of Materials, Condensed Matter Physics, General Materials Science}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{Influence of thermomechanical processing on the microstructural and mechanical properties of steel 22MnB5}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.msea.2022.142780}},
  volume       = {{838}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{33723,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p>The development of bioresorbable materials for temporary implantation enables progress in medical technology. Iron (Fe)-based degradable materials are biocompatible and exhibit good mechanical properties, but their degradation rate is low. Aside from alloying with Manganese (Mn), the creation of phases with high electrochemical potential such as silver (Ag) phases to cause the anodic dissolution of FeMn is promising. However, to enable residue-free dissolution, the Ag needs to be modified. This concern is addressed, as FeMn modified with a degradable Ag-Calcium-Lanthanum (AgCaLa) alloy is investigated. The electrochemical properties and the degradation behavior are determined via a static immersion test. The local differences in electrochemical potential increase the degradation rate (low pH values), and the formation of gaps around the Ag phases (neutral pH values) demonstrates the benefit of the strategy. Nevertheless, the formation of corrosion-inhibiting layers avoids an increased degradation rate under a neutral pH value. The complete bioresorption of the material is possible since the phases of the degradable AgCaLa alloy dissolve after the FeMn matrix. Cell viability tests reveal biocompatibility, and the antibacterial activity of the degradation supernatant is observed. Thus, FeMn modified with degradable AgCaLa phases is promising as a bioresorbable material if corrosion-inhibiting layers can be diminished.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Krüger, Jan Tobias and Hoyer, Kay-Peter and Huang, Jingyuan and Filor, Viviane and Mateus-Vargas, Rafael Hernan and Oltmanns, Hilke and Meißner, Jessica and Grundmeier, Guido and Schaper, Mirko}},
  issn         = {{2079-4983}},
  journal      = {{Journal of Functional Biomaterials}},
  keywords     = {{Biomedical Engineering, Biomaterials}},
  number       = {{4}},
  publisher    = {{MDPI AG}},
  title        = {{{FeMn with Phases of a Degradable Ag Alloy for Residue-Free and Adapted Bioresorbability}}},
  doi          = {{10.3390/jfb13040185}},
  volume       = {{13}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{34652,
  author       = {{Vieth, P. and Garthe, M.-A. and Voswinkel, Dietrich and Schaper, Mirko and Grundmeier, Guido}},
  issn         = {{0257-8972}},
  journal      = {{Surface and Coatings Technology}},
  keywords     = {{Materials Chemistry, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Surfaces and Interfaces, Condensed Matter Physics, General Chemistry}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{Enhancement of the delamination resistance of adhesive film coated surface laser melted aluminum 7075-T6 alloy by aminophosphonic acid adsorption}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.surfcoat.2022.128835}},
  volume       = {{447}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{31076,
  author       = {{Tillmann, Wolfgang and Lopes Dias, Nelson Filipe and Kokalj, David and Stangier, Dominic and Hein, Maxwell and Hoyer, Kay-Peter and Schaper, Mirko and Gödecke, Daria and Oltmanns, Hilke and Meißner, Jessica}},
  issn         = {{0167-577X}},
  journal      = {{Materials Letters}},
  keywords     = {{Mechanical Engineering, Mechanics of Materials, Condensed Matter Physics, General Materials Science}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{Tribo-functional PVD thin films deposited onto additively manufactured Ti6Al7Nb for biomedical applications}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.matlet.2022.132384}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{31075,
  author       = {{Teng, Zhenjie and Wu, Haoran and Pramanik, Sudipta and Hoyer, Kay-Peter and Schaper, Mirko and Zhang, Hanlon and Boller, Christian and Starke, Peter}},
  issn         = {{1438-1656}},
  journal      = {{Advanced Engineering Materials}},
  keywords     = {{Condensed Matter Physics, General Materials Science}},
  publisher    = {{Wiley}},
  title        = {{{Characterization and analysis of plastic instability in an ultrafine‐grained medium Mn TRIP steel}}},
  doi          = {{10.1002/adem.202200022}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{33498,
  author       = {{Krüger, Jan Tobias and Hoyer, Kay-Peter and Andreiev, Anatolii and Schaper, Mirko and Zinn, Carolin}},
  journal      = {{Advanced Engineering Materials}},
  title        = {{{Modification of Iron with Degradable Silver Phases Processed via Laser Beam Melting for Implants with Adapted Degradation Rate}}},
  doi          = {{https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.202201008}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{41497,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p>In this study, the design, additive manufacturing and experimental as well as simulation investigation of mechanical and thermal properties of cellular solids are addressed. For this, two cellular solids having nested and non-nested structures are designed and additively manufactured via laser powder bed fusion. The primary objective is to design cellular solids which absorb a significant amount of energy upon impact loading without transmitting a high amount of stress into the cellular solids. Therefore, compression testing of the two cellular solids is performed. The nested and non-nested cellular solids show similar energy absorption properties; however, the nested cellular solid transmits a lower amount of stress in the cellular structure compared to the non-nested cellular solid. The experimentally measured strain (by DIC) in the interior region of the nested cellular solid is lower despite a higher value of externally imposed compressive strain. The second objective of this study is to determine the thermal insulation properties of cellular solids. For measuring the thermal insulation properties, the samples are placed on a hot plate; and the surface temperature distribution is measured by an infrared camera. The thermal insulating performance of both cellular types is sufficient for temperatures exceeding 100 °C. However, the thermal insulating performance of a non-nested cellular solid is slightly better than that of the nested cellular solid. Additional thermal simulations predict a relatively higher temperature distribution on the cellular solid surfaces compared to experimental results. The simulated residual stress shows a similar distribution for both types, but the magnitude of residual stress is different for the cellular solids upon cooling from different temperatures of the hot plate.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Pramanik, Sudipta and Milaege, Dennis and Hoyer, Kay-Peter and Schaper, Mirko}},
  issn         = {{2073-4352}},
  journal      = {{Crystals}},
  keywords     = {{Inorganic Chemistry, Condensed Matter Physics, General Materials Science, General Chemical Engineering}},
  number       = {{9}},
  publisher    = {{MDPI AG}},
  title        = {{{Additively Manufactured Nested and Non-Nested Cellular Solids for Effective Stress Distribution and Thermal Insulation Applications: An Experimental and Finite Element Analysis Study}}},
  doi          = {{10.3390/cryst12091217}},
  volume       = {{12}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{41494,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p>The development of bioresorbable materials for temporary implantation enables progress in medical technology. Iron (Fe)-based degradable materials are biocompatible and exhibit good mechanical properties, but their degradation rate is low. Aside from alloying with Manganese (Mn), the creation of phases with high electrochemical potential such as silver (Ag) phases to cause the anodic dissolution of FeMn is promising. However, to enable residue-free dissolution, the Ag needs to be modified. This concern is addressed, as FeMn modified with a degradable Ag-Calcium-Lanthanum (AgCaLa) alloy is investigated. The electrochemical properties and the degradation behavior are determined via a static immersion test. The local differences in electrochemical potential increase the degradation rate (low pH values), and the formation of gaps around the Ag phases (neutral pH values) demonstrates the benefit of the strategy. Nevertheless, the formation of corrosion-inhibiting layers avoids an increased degradation rate under a neutral pH value. The complete bioresorption of the material is possible since the phases of the degradable AgCaLa alloy dissolve after the FeMn matrix. Cell viability tests reveal biocompatibility, and the antibacterial activity of the degradation supernatant is observed. Thus, FeMn modified with degradable AgCaLa phases is promising as a bioresorbable material if corrosion-inhibiting layers can be diminished.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Krüger, Jan Tobias and Hoyer, Kay-Peter and Huang, Jingyuan and Filor, Viviane and Mateus-Vargas, Rafael Hernan and Oltmanns, Hilke and Meißner, Jessica and Grundmeier, Guido and Schaper, Mirko}},
  issn         = {{2079-4983}},
  journal      = {{Journal of Functional Biomaterials}},
  keywords     = {{Biomedical Engineering, Biomaterials}},
  number       = {{4}},
  publisher    = {{MDPI AG}},
  title        = {{{FeMn with Phases of a Degradable Ag Alloy for Residue-Free and Adapted Bioresorbability}}},
  doi          = {{10.3390/jfb13040185}},
  volume       = {{13}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{41499,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p>The additive manufacturing (AM) of innovative lattice structures with unique mechanical properties has received widespread attention due to the capability of AM processes to fabricate freeform and intricate structures. The most common way to characterize the additively manufactured lattice structures is via the uniaxial compression test. However, although there are many applications for which lattice structures are designed for bending (e.g., sandwich panels cores and some medical implants), limited attention has been paid toward investigating the flexural behavior of metallic AM lattice structures with tunable internal architectures. The purpose of this study was to experimentally investigate the flexural behavior of AM Ti-6Al-4V lattice structures with graded density and hybrid Poisson’s ratio (PR). Four configurations of lattice structure beams with positive, negative, hybrid PR, and a novel hybrid PR with graded density were manufactured via the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) AM process and tested under four-point bending. The manufacturability, microstructure, micro-hardness, and flexural properties of the lattices were evaluated. During the bending tests, different failure mechanisms were observed, which were highly dependent on the type of lattice geometry. The best response in terms of absorbed energy was obtained for the functionally graded hybrid PR (FGHPR) structure. Both the FGHPR and hybrid PR (HPR) structured showed a 78.7% and 62.9% increase in the absorbed energy, respectively, compared to the positive PR (PPR) structure. This highlights the great potential for FGHPR lattices to be used in protective devices, load-bearing medical implants, and energy-absorbing applications.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Abdelaal, Osama and Hengsbach, Florian and Schaper, Mirko and Hoyer, Kay-Peter}},
  issn         = {{1996-1944}},
  journal      = {{Materials}},
  keywords     = {{General Materials Science}},
  number       = {{12}},
  publisher    = {{MDPI AG}},
  title        = {{{LPBF Manufactured Functionally Graded Lattice Structures Obtained by Graded Density and Hybrid Poisson’s Ratio}}},
  doi          = {{10.3390/ma15124072}},
  volume       = {{15}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@inproceedings{44242,
  author       = {{Zibart, Alexander and Spang, Bernhard and Kenig, Eugeny Y.}},
  booktitle    = {{Computer Aided Chemical Engineering}},
  isbn         = {{9780323958790}},
  issn         = {{1570-7946}},
  location     = {{Toulouse, France}},
  pages        = {{127--132}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier}},
  title        = {{{Determination of the burst pressure of pillow plates using finite element methods}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/b978-0-323-95879-0.50022-9}},
  volume       = {{51}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{41496,
  author       = {{Hein, Maxwell and Lopes Dias, Nelson Filipe and Kokalj, David and Stangier, Dominic and Hoyer, Kay-Peter and Tillmann, Wolfgang and Schaper, Mirko}},
  issn         = {{0142-1123}},
  journal      = {{International Journal of Fatigue}},
  keywords     = {{Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Mechanics of Materials, General Materials Science, Modeling and Simulation}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{On the influence of physical vapor deposited thin coatings on the low-cycle fatigue behavior of additively processed Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2022.107235}},
  volume       = {{166}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{32332,
  author       = {{Krüger, Jan Tobias and Hoyer, Kay-Peter and Hengsbach, Florian and Schaper, Mirko}},
  issn         = {{2238-7854}},
  journal      = {{Journal of Materials Research and Technology}},
  keywords     = {{Metals and Alloys, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Biomaterials, Ceramics and Composites}},
  pages        = {{2369--2387}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{Formation of insoluble silver-phases in an iron-manganese matrix for bioresorbable implants using varying laser beam melting strategies}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.jmrt.2022.06.006}},
  volume       = {{19}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{41498,
  author       = {{Krüger, Jan Tobias and Hoyer, Kay-Peter and Hengsbach, Florian and Schaper, Mirko}},
  issn         = {{2238-7854}},
  journal      = {{Journal of Materials Research and Technology}},
  keywords     = {{Metals and Alloys, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Biomaterials, Ceramics and Composites}},
  pages        = {{2369--2387}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{Formation of insoluble silver-phases in an iron-manganese matrix for bioresorbable implants using varying laser beam melting strategies}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.jmrt.2022.06.006}},
  volume       = {{19}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{41495,
  author       = {{Pramanik, Sudipta and Milaege, Dennis and Hoyer, Kay-Peter and Schaper, Mirko}},
  issn         = {{0921-5093}},
  journal      = {{Materials Science and Engineering: A}},
  keywords     = {{Mechanical Engineering, Mechanics of Materials, Condensed Matter Physics, General Materials Science}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{Additively manufactured novel Ti6Al7Nb circular honeycomb cellular solid for energy absorbing applications}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.msea.2022.143887}},
  volume       = {{854}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{41500,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p>Titanium alloys, especially β alloys, are favorable as implant materials due to their promising combination of low Young’s modulus, high strength, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility. In particular, the low Young’s moduli reduce the risk of stress shielding and implant loosening. The processing of Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn through laser powder bed fusion is presented. The specimens were heat-treated, and the microstructure was investigated using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The mechanical properties were determined by hardness and tensile tests. The microstructures reveal a mainly β microstructure with α″ formation for high cooling rates and α precipitates after moderate cooling rates or aging. The as-built and α″ phase containing conditions exhibit a hardness around 225 HV5, yield strengths (YS) from 340 to 490 MPa, ultimate tensile strengths (UTS) around 706 MPa, fracture elongations around 20%, and Young’s moduli about 50 GPa. The α precipitates containing conditions reveal a hardness around 297 HV5, YS around 812 MPa, UTS from 871 to 931 MPa, fracture elongations around 12%, and Young’s moduli about 75 GPa. Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn exhibits, depending on the heat treatment, promising properties regarding the material behavior and the opportunity to tailor the mechanical performance as a low modulus, high strength implant material.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Hein, Maxwell and Lopes Dias, Nelson Filipe and Pramanik, Sudipta and Stangier, Dominic and Hoyer, Kay-Peter and Tillmann, Wolfgang and Schaper, Mirko}},
  issn         = {{1996-1944}},
  journal      = {{Materials}},
  keywords     = {{General Materials Science}},
  number       = {{11}},
  publisher    = {{MDPI AG}},
  title        = {{{Heat Treatments of Metastable β Titanium Alloy Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn Processed by Laser Powder Bed Fusion}}},
  doi          = {{10.3390/ma15113774}},
  volume       = {{15}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{41503,
  abstract     = {{<jats:p>The quasi in-situ indentation behaviour of &lt;110&gt;||BD and &lt;111&gt;||BD-oriented grains in a FeCo alloy is studied in this investigation. The effect of build height on melt pool shape and melt pool size is also studied by finite element method simulations. As the building height increases, the aspect ratio of the elliptical melt pool increases. Correspondingly, the effect of the laser scan speed on the melt pool shape and size is studied by the finite element method, because, as the laser scan speed increases, the aspect ratio of the elliptical melt pool increases, too. The microstructural characterisation of the indentation area before and after indentation is performed by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Based on the EBSD data grain reference orientation deviation (GROD), calculations are performed to describe the effect of indentations on the neighbouring grain orientations. High GROD angles are detected in the neighbouring grain region adjoining the indented grain. An in-depth slip trace analysis shows the activation of all three slip systems ({110}&lt;111&gt;, {112}&lt;111&gt; and {123}&lt;111&gt;) which is also confirmed by slip lines on the sample surface that are detected by laser scanning confocal microscopy. A high concentration of geometrically necessary dislocations (GNDs) are observed on the adjoining area to the indentation. Local surface topography measurements by laser scanning confocal microscopy confirmed the formation of pile-ups near the indentation.</jats:p>}},
  author       = {{Pramanik, Sudipta and Tasche, Frederik and Hoyer, Kay-Peter and Schaper, Mirko}},
  issn         = {{2673-8724}},
  journal      = {{Magnetism}},
  keywords     = {{General Earth and Planetary Sciences, General Environmental Science}},
  number       = {{2}},
  pages        = {{88--104}},
  publisher    = {{MDPI AG}},
  title        = {{{Orientation-Dependent Indentation Behaviour of Additively Manufactured FeCo Sample: A Quasi In-Situ Study}}},
  doi          = {{10.3390/magnetism2020007}},
  volume       = {{2}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}

@article{41501,
  author       = {{Tillmann, Wolfgang and Lopes Dias, Nelson Filipe and Kokalj, David and Stangier, Dominic and Hein, Maxwell and Hoyer, Kay-Peter and Schaper, Mirko and Gödecke, Daria and Oltmanns, Hilke and Meißner, Jessica}},
  issn         = {{0167-577X}},
  journal      = {{Materials Letters}},
  keywords     = {{Mechanical Engineering, Mechanics of Materials, Condensed Matter Physics, General Materials Science}},
  publisher    = {{Elsevier BV}},
  title        = {{{Tribo-functional PVD thin films deposited onto additively manufactured Ti6Al7Nb for biomedical applications}}},
  doi          = {{10.1016/j.matlet.2022.132384}},
  volume       = {{321}},
  year         = {{2022}},
}