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In model-dimension certification tasks, we show that the relative-belief procedure typically chooses Hilbert spaces that are never smaller in dimension than those selected from optimizing a broad class of information criteria, including Akaike's criterion. As a concrete and focused exposition of this powerful evidence-based technique, we apply the relative-belief procedure to an important application: . In particular, just by comparing prior and posterior probabilities based on data, we demonstrate its capability of tracking multiphoton emissions using (realistically lossy) single-photon detectors in order to assess the actual quality of photon sources without making  assumptions, thereby reliably safeguarding source integrity for general quantum-information and communication tasks with Bayesian reasoning. Finally, we discuss how relative belief can be exploited to carry out parametric model certification and estimate the total dimension of the quantum state for the combined (measured) physical and interacting external systems described by the Tavis-Cummings model.</jats:p>\r\n          <jats:sec>\r\n            <jats:title/>\r\n            <jats:supplementary-material>\r\n              <jats:permissions>\r\n                <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement>\r\n                <jats:copyright-year>2024</jats:copyright-year>\r\n              </jats:permissions>\r\n            </jats:supplementary-material>\r\n          </jats:sec>","lang":"eng"}],"status":"public","date_updated":"2025-12-18T16:12:40Z","publisher":"American Physical Society (APS)","volume":110,"date_created":"2025-12-18T16:12:21Z","author":[{"full_name":"Teo, Y. S.","last_name":"Teo","first_name":"Y. S."},{"full_name":"Shringarpure, S. 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Relative-belief inference in quantum information theory. <i>Physical Review A</i>. 2024;110(1). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.110.012231\">10.1103/physreva.110.012231</a>","chicago":"Teo, Y. S., S. U. Shringarpure, H. Jeong, Nidhin Prasannan, Benjamin Brecht, Christine Silberhorn, M. Evans, D. Mogilevtsev, and L. L. Sánchez-Soto. “Relative-Belief Inference in Quantum Information Theory.” <i>Physical Review A</i> 110, no. 1 (2024). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.110.012231\">https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.110.012231</a>.","ieee":"Y. S. Teo <i>et al.</i>, “Relative-belief inference in quantum information theory,” <i>Physical Review A</i>, vol. 110, no. 1, Art. no. 012231, 2024, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.110.012231\">10.1103/physreva.110.012231</a>.","apa":"Teo, Y. S., Shringarpure, S. U., Jeong, H., Prasannan, N., Brecht, B., Silberhorn, C., Evans, M., Mogilevtsev, D., &#38; Sánchez-Soto, L. L. (2024). Relative-belief inference in quantum information theory. <i>Physical Review A</i>, <i>110</i>(1), Article 012231. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.110.012231\">https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.110.012231</a>","bibtex":"@article{Teo_Shringarpure_Jeong_Prasannan_Brecht_Silberhorn_Evans_Mogilevtsev_Sánchez-Soto_2024, title={Relative-belief inference in quantum information theory}, volume={110}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.110.012231\">10.1103/physreva.110.012231</a>}, number={1012231}, journal={Physical Review A}, publisher={American Physical Society (APS)}, author={Teo, Y. S. and Shringarpure, S. U. and Jeong, H. and Prasannan, Nidhin and Brecht, Benjamin and Silberhorn, Christine and Evans, M. and Mogilevtsev, D. and Sánchez-Soto, L. L.}, year={2024} }","mla":"Teo, Y. S., et al. “Relative-Belief Inference in Quantum Information Theory.” <i>Physical Review A</i>, vol. 110, no. 1, 012231, American Physical Society (APS), 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.110.012231\">10.1103/physreva.110.012231</a>.","short":"Y.S. Teo, S.U. Shringarpure, H. Jeong, N. Prasannan, B. Brecht, C. Silberhorn, M. Evans, D. Mogilevtsev, L.L. Sánchez-Soto, Physical Review A 110 (2024)."}},{"title":"Pulse characterization at the single-photon level through chronocyclic <i>Q</i>-function measurements","doi":"10.1364/oe.540125","date_updated":"2025-12-18T16:08:40Z","publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","volume":33,"author":[{"full_name":"Bhattacharjee, Abhinandan","id":"95902","last_name":"Bhattacharjee","first_name":"Abhinandan"},{"first_name":"Patrick Fabian","id":"88605","full_name":"Folge, Patrick Fabian","last_name":"Folge"},{"last_name":"Serino","full_name":"Serino, Laura Maria","id":"88242","first_name":"Laura Maria"},{"last_name":"Řeháček","full_name":"Řeháček, Jaroslav","first_name":"Jaroslav"},{"first_name":"Zdeněk","last_name":"Hradil","full_name":"Hradil, Zdeněk"},{"full_name":"Silberhorn, Christine","id":"26263","last_name":"Silberhorn","first_name":"Christine"},{"first_name":"Benjamin","full_name":"Brecht, Benjamin","id":"27150","last_name":"Brecht","orcid":"0000-0003-4140-0556 "}],"date_created":"2025-12-18T16:08:16Z","year":"2024","intvolume":"        33","citation":{"ama":"Bhattacharjee A, Folge PF, Serino LM, et al. Pulse characterization at the single-photon level through chronocyclic <i>Q</i>-function measurements. <i>Optics Express</i>. 2024;33(3). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.540125\">10.1364/oe.540125</a>","ieee":"A. Bhattacharjee <i>et al.</i>, “Pulse characterization at the single-photon level through chronocyclic <i>Q</i>-function measurements,” <i>Optics Express</i>, vol. 33, no. 3, Art. no. 5551, 2024, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.540125\">10.1364/oe.540125</a>.","chicago":"Bhattacharjee, Abhinandan, Patrick Fabian Folge, Laura Maria Serino, Jaroslav Řeháček, Zdeněk Hradil, Christine Silberhorn, and Benjamin Brecht. “Pulse Characterization at the Single-Photon Level through Chronocyclic <i>Q</i>-Function Measurements.” <i>Optics Express</i> 33, no. 3 (2024). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.540125\">https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.540125</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Bhattacharjee_Folge_Serino_Řeháček_Hradil_Silberhorn_Brecht_2024, title={Pulse characterization at the single-photon level through chronocyclic <i>Q</i>-function measurements}, volume={33}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.540125\">10.1364/oe.540125</a>}, number={35551}, journal={Optics Express}, publisher={Optica Publishing Group}, author={Bhattacharjee, Abhinandan and Folge, Patrick Fabian and Serino, Laura Maria and Řeháček, Jaroslav and Hradil, Zdeněk and Silberhorn, Christine and Brecht, Benjamin}, year={2024} }","mla":"Bhattacharjee, Abhinandan, et al. “Pulse Characterization at the Single-Photon Level through Chronocyclic <i>Q</i>-Function Measurements.” <i>Optics Express</i>, vol. 33, no. 3, 5551, Optica Publishing Group, 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.540125\">10.1364/oe.540125</a>.","short":"A. Bhattacharjee, P.F. Folge, L.M. Serino, J. Řeháček, Z. Hradil, C. Silberhorn, B. Brecht, Optics Express 33 (2024).","apa":"Bhattacharjee, A., Folge, P. F., Serino, L. M., Řeháček, J., Hradil, Z., Silberhorn, C., &#38; Brecht, B. (2024). Pulse characterization at the single-photon level through chronocyclic <i>Q</i>-function measurements. <i>Optics Express</i>, <i>33</i>(3), Article 5551. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.540125\">https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.540125</a>"},"publication_identifier":{"issn":["1094-4087"]},"publication_status":"published","issue":"3","article_number":"5551","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"63216","department":[{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"623"}],"user_id":"27150","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"<jats:p>The characterization of the complex spectral amplitude, that is, the spectrum and spectral phase, of single-photon-level light fields is a crucial capability for modern photonic quantum technologies. Since established pulse characterization techniques are not applicable at low intensities, alternative approaches are required. Here, we demonstrate the retrieval of the complex spectral amplitude of single-photon-level light pulses through measuring their chronocyclic <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Q</jats:italic> −function. Our approach draws inspiration from quantum state tomography by exploiting the analogy between quadrature phase space and time-frequency phase space. In the experiment, we perform time-frequency projections with a quantum pulse gate (QPG), which directly yield the chronocyclic <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Q</jats:italic> −function. We evaluate the complex spectral amplitude from the measured chronocyclic <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Q</jats:italic> −function data with maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), which is the established technique for quantum state tomography. The MLE yields not only an unambigious estimate of the complex spectral amplitude of the state under test that does not require any <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">a priori</jats:italic> information, but also allows for, in principle, estimating the spectral-temporal coherence properties of the state. Our method accurately recovers features such as jumps in the spectral phase and is resistant against regions with zero spectral intensity, which makes it immediately beneficial for classical pulse characterization problems.</jats:p>"}],"status":"public","publication":"Optics Express","type":"journal_article"},{"_id":"63220","department":[{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"623"}],"user_id":"27150","article_number":"050204","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication":"Physical Review Letters","type":"journal_article","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"<jats:p>Identifying a reasonably small Hilbert space that completely describes an unknown quantum state is crucial for efficient quantum information processing. We introduce a general dimension-certification protocol for both discrete and continuous variables that is fully evidence based, relying solely on the experimental data collected and no other unjustified assumptions whatsoever. Using the Bayesian concept of relative belief, we take the effective dimension of the state as the smallest one such that the posterior probability is larger than the prior, as dictated by the data. The posterior probabilities associated with the relative-belief ratios measure the strength of the evidence provide by these ratios so that we can assess whether there is weak or strong evidence in favor or against a particular dimension. Using experimental data from spectral-temporal and polarimetry measurements, we demonstrate how to correctly assign Bayesian plausible error bars for the obtained effective dimensions. This makes relative belief a conservative and easy-to-use model-selection method for any experiment.</jats:p>\r\n          <jats:sec>\r\n            <jats:title/>\r\n            <jats:supplementary-material>\r\n              <jats:permissions>\r\n                <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement>\r\n                <jats:copyright-year>2024</jats:copyright-year>\r\n              </jats:permissions>\r\n            </jats:supplementary-material>\r\n          </jats:sec>"}],"status":"public","publisher":"American Physical Society (APS)","date_updated":"2025-12-18T16:13:14Z","volume":133,"author":[{"first_name":"Y. S.","last_name":"Teo","full_name":"Teo, Y. S."},{"full_name":"Shringarpure, S. U.","last_name":"Shringarpure","first_name":"S. U."},{"first_name":"H.","last_name":"Jeong","full_name":"Jeong, H."},{"first_name":"Nidhin","last_name":"Prasannan","id":"71403","full_name":"Prasannan, Nidhin"},{"first_name":"Benjamin","full_name":"Brecht, Benjamin","id":"27150","orcid":"0000-0003-4140-0556 ","last_name":"Brecht"},{"id":"26263","full_name":"Silberhorn, Christine","last_name":"Silberhorn","first_name":"Christine"},{"full_name":"Evans, M.","last_name":"Evans","first_name":"M."},{"first_name":"D.","last_name":"Mogilevtsev","full_name":"Mogilevtsev, D."},{"last_name":"Sánchez-Soto","full_name":"Sánchez-Soto, L. L.","first_name":"L. L."}],"date_created":"2025-12-18T16:13:00Z","title":"Evidence-Based Certification of Quantum Dimensions","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.133.050204","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0031-9007","1079-7114"]},"publication_status":"published","issue":"5","year":"2024","intvolume":"       133","citation":{"ieee":"Y. S. Teo <i>et al.</i>, “Evidence-Based Certification of Quantum Dimensions,” <i>Physical Review Letters</i>, vol. 133, no. 5, Art. no. 050204, 2024, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.133.050204\">10.1103/physrevlett.133.050204</a>.","chicago":"Teo, Y. S., S. U. Shringarpure, H. Jeong, Nidhin Prasannan, Benjamin Brecht, Christine Silberhorn, M. Evans, D. Mogilevtsev, and L. L. Sánchez-Soto. “Evidence-Based Certification of Quantum Dimensions.” <i>Physical Review Letters</i> 133, no. 5 (2024). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.133.050204\">https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.133.050204</a>.","ama":"Teo YS, Shringarpure SU, Jeong H, et al. Evidence-Based Certification of Quantum Dimensions. <i>Physical Review Letters</i>. 2024;133(5). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.133.050204\">10.1103/physrevlett.133.050204</a>","bibtex":"@article{Teo_Shringarpure_Jeong_Prasannan_Brecht_Silberhorn_Evans_Mogilevtsev_Sánchez-Soto_2024, title={Evidence-Based Certification of Quantum Dimensions}, volume={133}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.133.050204\">10.1103/physrevlett.133.050204</a>}, number={5050204}, journal={Physical Review Letters}, publisher={American Physical Society (APS)}, author={Teo, Y. S. and Shringarpure, S. U. and Jeong, H. and Prasannan, Nidhin and Brecht, Benjamin and Silberhorn, Christine and Evans, M. and Mogilevtsev, D. and Sánchez-Soto, L. L.}, year={2024} }","short":"Y.S. Teo, S.U. Shringarpure, H. Jeong, N. Prasannan, B. Brecht, C. Silberhorn, M. Evans, D. Mogilevtsev, L.L. Sánchez-Soto, Physical Review Letters 133 (2024).","mla":"Teo, Y. S., et al. “Evidence-Based Certification of Quantum Dimensions.” <i>Physical Review Letters</i>, vol. 133, no. 5, 050204, American Physical Society (APS), 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.133.050204\">10.1103/physrevlett.133.050204</a>.","apa":"Teo, Y. S., Shringarpure, S. U., Jeong, H., Prasannan, N., Brecht, B., Silberhorn, C., Evans, M., Mogilevtsev, D., &#38; Sánchez-Soto, L. L. (2024). Evidence-Based Certification of Quantum Dimensions. <i>Physical Review Letters</i>, <i>133</i>(5), Article 050204. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.133.050204\">https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.133.050204</a>"}},{"publisher":"American Physical Society (APS)","date_created":"2024-05-14T12:40:48Z","title":"Realization of high-fidelity unitary operations on up to 64 frequency bins","issue":"2","year":"2024","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication":"Physical Review Research","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"<jats:p>The ability to apply user-chosen large-scale unitary operations with high fidelity to a quantum state is key to realizing future photonic quantum technologies. Here, we realize the implementation of programmable unitary operations on up to 64 frequency-bin modes. To benchmark the performance of our system, we probe different quantum walk unitary operations, in particular, Grover walks on four-dimensional hypercubes with similarities exceeding 95% and quantum walks with 400 steps on circles and finite lines with similarities of 98%. Our results open a path toward implementing high-quality unitary operations, which can form the basis for applications in complex tasks, such as Gaussian boson sampling.</jats:p>\r\n          <jats:sec>\r\n            <jats:title/>\r\n            <jats:supplementary-material>\r\n              <jats:permissions>\r\n                <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement>\r\n                <jats:copyright-year>2024</jats:copyright-year>\r\n              </jats:permissions>\r\n            </jats:supplementary-material>\r\n          </jats:sec>"}],"date_updated":"2025-12-18T16:14:39Z","volume":6,"author":[{"last_name":"De","full_name":"De, Syamsundar","first_name":"Syamsundar"},{"first_name":"Vahid","last_name":"Ansari","full_name":"Ansari, Vahid"},{"full_name":"Sperling, Jan","id":"75127","last_name":"Sperling","orcid":"0000-0002-5844-3205","first_name":"Jan"},{"first_name":"Sonja","full_name":"Barkhofen, Sonja","id":"48188","last_name":"Barkhofen"},{"first_name":"Benjamin","last_name":"Brecht","orcid":"0000-0003-4140-0556 ","full_name":"Brecht, Benjamin","id":"27150"},{"full_name":"Silberhorn, Christine","id":"26263","last_name":"Silberhorn","first_name":"Christine"}],"doi":"10.1103/physrevresearch.6.l022040","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2643-1564"]},"publication_status":"published","intvolume":"         6","citation":{"chicago":"De, Syamsundar, Vahid Ansari, Jan Sperling, Sonja Barkhofen, Benjamin Brecht, and Christine Silberhorn. “Realization of High-Fidelity Unitary Operations on up to 64 Frequency Bins.” <i>Physical Review Research</i> 6, no. 2 (2024). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.6.l022040\">https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.6.l022040</a>.","ieee":"S. De, V. Ansari, J. Sperling, S. Barkhofen, B. Brecht, and C. Silberhorn, “Realization of high-fidelity unitary operations on up to 64 frequency bins,” <i>Physical Review Research</i>, vol. 6, no. 2, Art. no. L022040, 2024, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.6.l022040\">10.1103/physrevresearch.6.l022040</a>.","ama":"De S, Ansari V, Sperling J, Barkhofen S, Brecht B, Silberhorn C. Realization of high-fidelity unitary operations on up to 64 frequency bins. <i>Physical Review Research</i>. 2024;6(2). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.6.l022040\">10.1103/physrevresearch.6.l022040</a>","apa":"De, S., Ansari, V., Sperling, J., Barkhofen, S., Brecht, B., &#38; Silberhorn, C. (2024). Realization of high-fidelity unitary operations on up to 64 frequency bins. <i>Physical Review Research</i>, <i>6</i>(2), Article L022040. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.6.l022040\">https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.6.l022040</a>","mla":"De, Syamsundar, et al. “Realization of High-Fidelity Unitary Operations on up to 64 Frequency Bins.” <i>Physical Review Research</i>, vol. 6, no. 2, L022040, American Physical Society (APS), 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.6.l022040\">10.1103/physrevresearch.6.l022040</a>.","bibtex":"@article{De_Ansari_Sperling_Barkhofen_Brecht_Silberhorn_2024, title={Realization of high-fidelity unitary operations on up to 64 frequency bins}, volume={6}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.6.l022040\">10.1103/physrevresearch.6.l022040</a>}, number={2L022040}, journal={Physical Review Research}, publisher={American Physical Society (APS)}, author={De, Syamsundar and Ansari, Vahid and Sperling, Jan and Barkhofen, Sonja and Brecht, Benjamin and Silberhorn, Christine}, year={2024} }","short":"S. De, V. Ansari, J. Sperling, S. Barkhofen, B. Brecht, C. Silberhorn, Physical Review Research 6 (2024)."},"_id":"54288","project":[{"name":"QuPoPCoRN: QUPOPCORN: Quantum Particles on Programmable Complex Reconfigurable Networks","_id":"216"}],"department":[{"_id":"623"},{"_id":"288"},{"_id":"15"}],"user_id":"27150","article_number":"L022040","type":"journal_article","status":"public"},{"doi":"10.1103/prxquantum.5.040329","title":"A Framework for Fully Programmable Frequency-Encoded Quantum Networks Harnessing Multioutput Quantum Pulse Gates","volume":5,"author":[{"id":"88605","full_name":"Folge, Patrick Fabian","last_name":"Folge","first_name":"Patrick Fabian"},{"id":"42777","full_name":"Stefszky, Michael","last_name":"Stefszky","first_name":"Michael"},{"last_name":"Brecht","orcid":"0000-0003-4140-0556 ","full_name":"Brecht, Benjamin","id":"27150","first_name":"Benjamin"},{"full_name":"Silberhorn, Christine","id":"26263","last_name":"Silberhorn","first_name":"Christine"}],"date_created":"2025-12-18T16:10:37Z","date_updated":"2025-12-18T16:10:55Z","publisher":"American Physical Society (APS)","intvolume":"         5","citation":{"ieee":"P. F. Folge, M. Stefszky, B. Brecht, and C. Silberhorn, “A Framework for Fully Programmable Frequency-Encoded Quantum Networks Harnessing Multioutput Quantum Pulse Gates,” <i>PRX Quantum</i>, vol. 5, no. 4, Art. no. 040329, 2024, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/prxquantum.5.040329\">10.1103/prxquantum.5.040329</a>.","chicago":"Folge, Patrick Fabian, Michael Stefszky, Benjamin Brecht, and Christine Silberhorn. “A Framework for Fully Programmable Frequency-Encoded Quantum Networks Harnessing Multioutput Quantum Pulse Gates.” <i>PRX Quantum</i> 5, no. 4 (2024). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/prxquantum.5.040329\">https://doi.org/10.1103/prxquantum.5.040329</a>.","ama":"Folge PF, Stefszky M, Brecht B, Silberhorn C. A Framework for Fully Programmable Frequency-Encoded Quantum Networks Harnessing Multioutput Quantum Pulse Gates. <i>PRX Quantum</i>. 2024;5(4). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/prxquantum.5.040329\">10.1103/prxquantum.5.040329</a>","short":"P.F. Folge, M. Stefszky, B. Brecht, C. Silberhorn, PRX Quantum 5 (2024).","bibtex":"@article{Folge_Stefszky_Brecht_Silberhorn_2024, title={A Framework for Fully Programmable Frequency-Encoded Quantum Networks Harnessing Multioutput Quantum Pulse Gates}, volume={5}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/prxquantum.5.040329\">10.1103/prxquantum.5.040329</a>}, number={4040329}, journal={PRX Quantum}, publisher={American Physical Society (APS)}, author={Folge, Patrick Fabian and Stefszky, Michael and Brecht, Benjamin and Silberhorn, Christine}, year={2024} }","mla":"Folge, Patrick Fabian, et al. “A Framework for Fully Programmable Frequency-Encoded Quantum Networks Harnessing Multioutput Quantum Pulse Gates.” <i>PRX Quantum</i>, vol. 5, no. 4, 040329, American Physical Society (APS), 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/prxquantum.5.040329\">10.1103/prxquantum.5.040329</a>.","apa":"Folge, P. F., Stefszky, M., Brecht, B., &#38; Silberhorn, C. (2024). A Framework for Fully Programmable Frequency-Encoded Quantum Networks Harnessing Multioutput Quantum Pulse Gates. <i>PRX Quantum</i>, <i>5</i>(4), Article 040329. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/prxquantum.5.040329\">https://doi.org/10.1103/prxquantum.5.040329</a>"},"year":"2024","issue":"4","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2691-3399"]},"publication_status":"published","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"article_number":"040329","department":[{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"623"}],"user_id":"27150","_id":"63218","status":"public","abstract":[{"text":"<jats:p>Linear optical quantum networks, consisting of a quantum input state and a multiport interferometer, are an important building block for many quantum technological concepts, e.g., Gaussian boson sampling. Here, we propose the implementation of such networks based on frequency conversion by utilizing a so-called multioutput quantum pulse gate (MQPG). This approach allows the resource-efficient and therefore scalable implementation of frequency-bin-based, fully programmable interferometers in a single spatial and polarization mode. Quantum input states for this network can be provided by utilizing the strong frequency entanglement of a type-0 parametric down-conversion (PDC) source. Here, we develop a theoretical framework to describe linear networks based on an MQPG and PDC and utilize it to investigate the limits and scalabilty of our approach.</jats:p>\r\n          <jats:sec>\r\n            <jats:title/>\r\n            <jats:supplementary-material>\r\n              <jats:permissions>\r\n                <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement>\r\n                <jats:copyright-year>2024</jats:copyright-year>\r\n              </jats:permissions>\r\n            </jats:supplementary-material>\r\n          </jats:sec>","lang":"eng"}],"publication":"PRX Quantum","type":"journal_article"},{"publication":"Optics Express","type":"journal_article","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"<jats:p>We demonstrate a high-dimensional mode-sorter for single photons based on a multi-output quantum pulse gate, which we can program to switch between different temporal-mode encodings including pulse modes, frequency bins, time bins, and their superpositions. This device can facilitate practical realizations of quantum information applications such as high-dimensional quantum key distribution and thus enables secure communication with enhanced information capacity. We characterize the mode-sorter through a detector tomography in 3 and 5 dimensions and find a fidelity up to 0.958 ± 0.030 at the single-photon level.</jats:p>"}],"status":"public","_id":"63217","department":[{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"623"}],"user_id":"27150","article_number":"5577","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["1094-4087"]},"publication_status":"published","issue":"3","year":"2024","intvolume":"        33","citation":{"chicago":"Serino, Laura Maria, Christof Eigner, Benjamin Brecht, and Christine Silberhorn. “Programmable Time-Frequency Mode-Sorting of Single Photons with a Multi-Output Quantum Pulse Gate.” <i>Optics Express</i> 33, no. 3 (2024). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.544206\">https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.544206</a>.","ieee":"L. M. Serino, C. Eigner, B. Brecht, and C. Silberhorn, “Programmable time-frequency mode-sorting of single photons with a multi-output quantum pulse gate,” <i>Optics Express</i>, vol. 33, no. 3, Art. no. 5577, 2024, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.544206\">10.1364/oe.544206</a>.","ama":"Serino LM, Eigner C, Brecht B, Silberhorn C. Programmable time-frequency mode-sorting of single photons with a multi-output quantum pulse gate. <i>Optics Express</i>. 2024;33(3). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.544206\">10.1364/oe.544206</a>","apa":"Serino, L. M., Eigner, C., Brecht, B., &#38; Silberhorn, C. (2024). Programmable time-frequency mode-sorting of single photons with a multi-output quantum pulse gate. <i>Optics Express</i>, <i>33</i>(3), Article 5577. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.544206\">https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.544206</a>","short":"L.M. Serino, C. Eigner, B. Brecht, C. Silberhorn, Optics Express 33 (2024).","bibtex":"@article{Serino_Eigner_Brecht_Silberhorn_2024, title={Programmable time-frequency mode-sorting of single photons with a multi-output quantum pulse gate}, volume={33}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.544206\">10.1364/oe.544206</a>}, number={35577}, journal={Optics Express}, publisher={Optica Publishing Group}, author={Serino, Laura Maria and Eigner, Christof and Brecht, Benjamin and Silberhorn, Christine}, year={2024} }","mla":"Serino, Laura Maria, et al. “Programmable Time-Frequency Mode-Sorting of Single Photons with a Multi-Output Quantum Pulse Gate.” <i>Optics Express</i>, vol. 33, no. 3, 5577, Optica Publishing Group, 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.544206\">10.1364/oe.544206</a>."},"date_updated":"2025-12-18T16:09:44Z","publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","volume":33,"date_created":"2025-12-18T16:09:22Z","author":[{"last_name":"Serino","id":"88242","full_name":"Serino, Laura Maria","first_name":"Laura Maria"},{"last_name":"Eigner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5693-3083","id":"13244","full_name":"Eigner, Christof","first_name":"Christof"},{"first_name":"Benjamin","last_name":"Brecht","orcid":"0000-0003-4140-0556 ","full_name":"Brecht, Benjamin","id":"27150"},{"first_name":"Christine","last_name":"Silberhorn","id":"26263","full_name":"Silberhorn, Christine"}],"title":"Programmable time-frequency mode-sorting of single photons with a multi-output quantum pulse gate","doi":"10.1364/oe.544206"},{"abstract":[{"text":"<jats:p>Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) have been widely used to study the discrete nature of quantum states of light in the form of photon-counting experiments. We show that SNSPDs can also be used to study continuous variables of optical quantum states by performing homodyne detection at a bandwidth of 400 kHz. By measuring the interference of a continuous-wave field of a local oscillator with the field of the vacuum state using two SNSPDs, we show that the variance of the difference in count rates is linearly proportional to the photon flux of the local oscillator over almost five orders of magnitude. The resulting shot-noise clearance of (46.0 ± 1.1) dB is the highest reported clearance for a balanced optical homodyne detector, demonstrating their potential for measuring highly squeezed states in the continuous-wave regime. In addition, we measured a CMRR = 22.4 dB. From the joint click counting statistics, we also measure the phase-dependent quadrature of a weak coherent state to demonstrate our device’s functionality as a homodyne detector.</jats:p>","lang":"eng"}],"status":"public","publication":"Optica Quantum","type":"journal_article","article_number":"1","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"_id":"50840","project":[{"_id":"191","name":"PhoQuant: Photonische Quantencomputer -  Quantencomputing Testplattform"},{"_id":"239","name":"ERC-Grant: QuESADILLA: Quantum Engineering Superconducting Array Detectors in Low-Light Applications"},{"_id":"209","name":"ISOQC: Quantenkommunikation mit integrierter Optik im Zusammenhang mit supraleitender Elektronik"}],"department":[{"_id":"15"},{"_id":"623"}],"user_id":"55629","year":"2024","intvolume":"         2","citation":{"mla":"Protte, Maximilian, et al. “Low-Noise Balanced Homodyne Detection with Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detectors.” <i>Optica Quantum</i>, vol. 2, no. 1, 1, Optica Publishing Group, 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/opticaq.502201\">10.1364/opticaq.502201</a>.","short":"M. Protte, T. Schapeler, J. Sperling, T. Bartley, Optica Quantum 2 (2024).","bibtex":"@article{Protte_Schapeler_Sperling_Bartley_2024, title={Low-noise balanced homodyne detection with superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors}, volume={2}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/opticaq.502201\">10.1364/opticaq.502201</a>}, number={11}, journal={Optica Quantum}, publisher={Optica Publishing Group}, author={Protte, Maximilian and Schapeler, Timon and Sperling, Jan and Bartley, Tim}, year={2024} }","apa":"Protte, M., Schapeler, T., Sperling, J., &#38; Bartley, T. (2024). Low-noise balanced homodyne detection with superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors. <i>Optica Quantum</i>, <i>2</i>(1), Article 1. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/opticaq.502201\">https://doi.org/10.1364/opticaq.502201</a>","ama":"Protte M, Schapeler T, Sperling J, Bartley T. Low-noise balanced homodyne detection with superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors. <i>Optica Quantum</i>. 2024;2(1). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/opticaq.502201\">10.1364/opticaq.502201</a>","chicago":"Protte, Maximilian, Timon Schapeler, Jan Sperling, and Tim Bartley. “Low-Noise Balanced Homodyne Detection with Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detectors.” <i>Optica Quantum</i> 2, no. 1 (2024). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/opticaq.502201\">https://doi.org/10.1364/opticaq.502201</a>.","ieee":"M. Protte, T. Schapeler, J. Sperling, and T. Bartley, “Low-noise balanced homodyne detection with superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors,” <i>Optica Quantum</i>, vol. 2, no. 1, Art. no. 1, 2024, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1364/opticaq.502201\">10.1364/opticaq.502201</a>."},"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2837-6714"]},"publication_status":"published","issue":"1","title":"Low-noise balanced homodyne detection with superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors","doi":"10.1364/opticaq.502201","main_file_link":[{"open_access":"1"}],"publisher":"Optica Publishing Group","oa":"1","date_updated":"2025-12-18T17:06:27Z","volume":2,"author":[{"first_name":"Maximilian","last_name":"Protte","id":"46170","full_name":"Protte, Maximilian"},{"first_name":"Timon","full_name":"Schapeler, Timon","id":"55629","last_name":"Schapeler","orcid":"0000-0001-7652-1716"},{"full_name":"Sperling, Jan","id":"75127","orcid":"0000-0002-5844-3205","last_name":"Sperling","first_name":"Jan"},{"first_name":"Tim","full_name":"Bartley, Tim","id":"49683","last_name":"Bartley"}],"date_created":"2024-01-25T11:48:02Z"},{"issue":"7","quality_controlled":"1","year":"2024","date_created":"2025-12-18T17:01:44Z","publisher":"Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)","title":"An electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) based on microelectrode arrays allows to distinguish between adsorption and electrodeposition","publication":"The Analyst","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"<jats:p>Using a precise electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM), it was shown that electrogravimetry can be carried out with microelectrode arrays (MEAs). Significant differences between the potential dependent adsorption of a redox-active molecule and electroplating were presented.</jats:p>"}],"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["0003-2654","1364-5528"]},"publication_status":"published","intvolume":"       149","page":"2138-2146","citation":{"chicago":"Biermann, Michael, Christian Leppin, Arne Langhoff, Thorben Ziemer, Christian Rembe, and Diethelm Johannsmann. “An Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance (EQCM) Based on Microelectrode Arrays Allows to Distinguish between Adsorption and Electrodeposition.” <i>The Analyst</i> 149, no. 7 (2024): 2138–46. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1039/d3an02210b\">https://doi.org/10.1039/d3an02210b</a>.","ieee":"M. Biermann, C. Leppin, A. Langhoff, T. Ziemer, C. Rembe, and D. Johannsmann, “An electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) based on microelectrode arrays allows to distinguish between adsorption and electrodeposition,” <i>The Analyst</i>, vol. 149, no. 7, pp. 2138–2146, 2024, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1039/d3an02210b\">10.1039/d3an02210b</a>.","ama":"Biermann M, Leppin C, Langhoff A, Ziemer T, Rembe C, Johannsmann D. An electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) based on microelectrode arrays allows to distinguish between adsorption and electrodeposition. <i>The Analyst</i>. 2024;149(7):2138-2146. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1039/d3an02210b\">10.1039/d3an02210b</a>","short":"M. Biermann, C. Leppin, A. Langhoff, T. Ziemer, C. Rembe, D. Johannsmann, The Analyst 149 (2024) 2138–2146.","mla":"Biermann, Michael, et al. “An Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance (EQCM) Based on Microelectrode Arrays Allows to Distinguish between Adsorption and Electrodeposition.” <i>The Analyst</i>, vol. 149, no. 7, Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC), 2024, pp. 2138–46, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1039/d3an02210b\">10.1039/d3an02210b</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Biermann_Leppin_Langhoff_Ziemer_Rembe_Johannsmann_2024, title={An electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) based on microelectrode arrays allows to distinguish between adsorption and electrodeposition}, volume={149}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1039/d3an02210b\">10.1039/d3an02210b</a>}, number={7}, journal={The Analyst}, publisher={Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)}, author={Biermann, Michael and Leppin, Christian and Langhoff, Arne and Ziemer, Thorben and Rembe, Christian and Johannsmann, Diethelm}, year={2024}, pages={2138–2146} }","apa":"Biermann, M., Leppin, C., Langhoff, A., Ziemer, T., Rembe, C., &#38; Johannsmann, D. (2024). An electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) based on microelectrode arrays allows to distinguish between adsorption and electrodeposition. <i>The Analyst</i>, <i>149</i>(7), 2138–2146. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1039/d3an02210b\">https://doi.org/10.1039/d3an02210b</a>"},"volume":149,"author":[{"last_name":"Biermann","full_name":"Biermann, Michael","first_name":"Michael"},{"first_name":"Christian","id":"117722","full_name":"Leppin, Christian","last_name":"Leppin"},{"last_name":"Langhoff","full_name":"Langhoff, Arne","first_name":"Arne"},{"first_name":"Thorben","full_name":"Ziemer, Thorben","last_name":"Ziemer"},{"first_name":"Christian","last_name":"Rembe","full_name":"Rembe, Christian"},{"last_name":"Johannsmann","full_name":"Johannsmann, Diethelm","first_name":"Diethelm"}],"date_updated":"2025-12-18T17:42:48Z","doi":"10.1039/d3an02210b","type":"journal_article","status":"public","user_id":"117722","_id":"63227","extern":"1","article_type":"original"},{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"user_id":"31496","_id":"63264","status":"public","abstract":[{"text":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\r\n               <jats:p>In a smoothly bounded convex domain <jats:inline-formula id=\"j_ans-2023-0131_ineq_001\">\r\n                     <jats:alternatives>\r\n                        <m:math xmlns:m=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" overflow=\"scroll\">\r\n                           <m:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">Ω</m:mi>\r\n                           <m:mo>⊂</m:mo>\r\n                           <m:msup>\r\n                              <m:mrow>\r\n                                 <m:mi mathvariant=\"double-struck\">R</m:mi>\r\n                              </m:mrow>\r\n                              <m:mrow>\r\n                                 <m:mi>n</m:mi>\r\n                              </m:mrow>\r\n                           </m:msup>\r\n                        </m:math>\r\n                        <jats:tex-math>\r\n${\\Omega}\\subset {\\mathbb{R}}^{n}$\r\n</jats:tex-math>\r\n                        <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic/j_ans-2023-0131_ineq_001.png\"/>\r\n                     </jats:alternatives>\r\n                  </jats:inline-formula> with <jats:italic>n</jats:italic> ≥ 1, a no-flux initial-boundary value problem for<jats:disp-formula id=\"j_ans-2023-0131_eq_999\">\r\n                     <jats:alternatives>\r\n                        <m:math xmlns:m=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"block\" overflow=\"scroll\">\r\n                           <m:mfenced close=\"\" open=\"{\">\r\n                              <m:mrow>\r\n                                 <m:mtable class=\"cases\">\r\n                                    <m:mtr>\r\n                                       <m:mtd columnalign=\"left\">\r\n                                          <m:msub>\r\n                                             <m:mrow>\r\n                                                <m:mi>u</m:mi>\r\n                                             </m:mrow>\r\n                                             <m:mrow>\r\n                                                <m:mi>t</m:mi>\r\n                                             </m:mrow>\r\n                                          </m:msub>\r\n                                          <m:mo>=</m:mo>\r\n                                          <m:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">Δ</m:mi>\r\n                                          <m:mfenced close=\")\" open=\"(\">\r\n                                             <m:mrow>\r\n                                                <m:mi>u</m:mi>\r\n                                                <m:mi>ϕ</m:mi>\r\n                                                <m:mrow>\r\n                                                   <m:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</m:mo>\r\n                                                   <m:mrow>\r\n                                                      <m:mi>v</m:mi>\r\n                                                   </m:mrow>\r\n                                                   <m:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</m:mo>\r\n                                                </m:mrow>\r\n                                             </m:mrow>\r\n                                          </m:mfenced>\r\n                                          <m:mo>,</m:mo>\r\n                                          <m:mspace width=\"1em\"/>\r\n                                       </m:mtd>\r\n                                    </m:mtr>\r\n                                    <m:mtr>\r\n                                       <m:mtd columnalign=\"left\">\r\n                                          <m:msub>\r\n                                             <m:mrow>\r\n                                                <m:mi>v</m:mi>\r\n                                             </m:mrow>\r\n                                             <m:mrow>\r\n                                                <m:mi>t</m:mi>\r\n                                             </m:mrow>\r\n                                          </m:msub>\r\n                                          <m:mo>=</m:mo>\r\n                                          <m:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">Δ</m:mi>\r\n                                          <m:mi>v</m:mi>\r\n                                          <m:mo>−</m:mo>\r\n                                          <m:mi>u</m:mi>\r\n                                          <m:mi>v</m:mi>\r\n                                          <m:mo>,</m:mo>\r\n                                          <m:mspace width=\"1em\"/>\r\n                                       </m:mtd>\r\n                                    </m:mtr>\r\n                                 </m:mtable>\r\n                              </m:mrow>\r\n                           </m:mfenced>\r\n                        </m:math>\r\n                        <jats:tex-math>\r\n$$\\begin{cases}_{t}={\\Delta}\\left(u\\phi \\left(v\\right)\\right),\\quad \\hfill \\\\ {v}_{t}={\\Delta}v-uv,\\quad \\hfill \\end{cases}$$\r\n</jats:tex-math>\r\n                        <jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic/j_ans-2023-0131_eq_999.png\"/>\r\n                     </jats:alternatives>\r\n                  </jats:disp-formula>is considered under the assumption that near the origin, the function <jats:italic>ϕ</jats:italic> suitably generalizes the prototype given by<jats:disp-formula id=\"j_ans-2023-0131_eq_998\">\r\n                     <jats:alternatives>\r\n                        <m:math xmlns:m=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"block\" overflow=\"scroll\">\r\n                           <m:mi>ϕ</m:mi>\r\n                           <m:mrow>\r\n                              <m:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</m:mo>\r\n                              <m:mrow>\r\n                                 <m:mi>ξ</m:mi>\r\n                              </m:mrow>\r\n                              <m:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</m:mo>\r\n                           </m:mrow>\r\n                           <m:mo>=</m:mo>\r\n                           <m:msup>\r\n                              <m:mrow>\r\n                                 <m:mi>ξ</m:mi>\r\n                              </m:mrow>\r\n                              <m:mrow>\r\n                                 <m:mi>α</m:mi>\r\n                              </m:mrow>\r\n                           </m:msup>\r\n                           <m:mo>,</m:mo>\r\n                           <m:mspace width=\"2em\"/>\r\n                           <m:mi>ξ</m:mi>\r\n                           <m:mo>∈</m:mo>\r\n                           <m:mrow>\r\n                              <m:mo stretchy=\"false\">[</m:mo>\r\n                              <m:mrow>\r\n                                 <m:mn>0</m:mn>\r\n                                 <m:mo>,</m:mo>\r\n                                 <m:msub>\r\n                                    <m:mrow>\r\n                                       <m:mi>ξ</m:mi>\r\n                                    </m:mrow>\r\n                                    <m:mrow>\r\n                                       <m:mn>0</m:mn>\r\n                                    </m:mrow>\r\n                                 </m:msub>\r\n                              </m:mrow>\r\n                              <m:mo stretchy=\"false\">]</m:mo>\r\n                           </m:mrow>\r\n                           <m:mo>.</m:mo>\r\n                        </m:math>\r\n                        <jats:tex-math>\r\n$$\\phi \\left(\\xi \\right)={\\xi }^{\\alpha },\\qquad \\xi \\in \\left[0,{\\xi }_{0}\\right].$$\r\n</jats:tex-math>\r\n                        <jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic/j_ans-2023-0131_eq_998.png\"/>\r\n                     </jats:alternatives>\r\n                  </jats:disp-formula>By means of separate approaches, it is shown that in both cases <jats:italic>α</jats:italic> ∈ (0, 1) and <jats:italic>α</jats:italic> ∈ [1, 2] some global weak solutions exist which, inter alia, satisfy<jats:disp-formula id=\"j_ans-2023-0131_eq_997\">\r\n                     <jats:alternatives>\r\n                        <m:math xmlns:m=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"block\" overflow=\"scroll\">\r\n                           <m:mi>C</m:mi>\r\n                           <m:mrow>\r\n                              <m:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</m:mo>\r\n                              <m:mrow>\r\n                                 <m:mi>T</m:mi>\r\n                              </m:mrow>\r\n                              <m:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</m:mo>\r\n                           </m:mrow>\r\n                           <m:mo>≔</m:mo>\r\n                           <m:munder>\r\n                              <m:mrow>\r\n                                 <m:mtext>ess sup</m:mtext>\r\n                              </m:mrow>\r\n                              <m:mrow>\r\n                                 <m:mi>t</m:mi>\r\n                                 <m:mo>∈</m:mo>\r\n                                 <m:mrow>\r\n                                    <m:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</m:mo>\r\n                                    <m:mrow>\r\n                                       <m:mn>0</m:mn>\r\n                                       <m:mo>,</m:mo>\r\n                                       <m:mi>T</m:mi>\r\n                                    </m:mrow>\r\n                                    <m:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</m:mo>\r\n                                 </m:mrow>\r\n                              </m:mrow>\r\n                           </m:munder>\r\n                           <m:msub>\r\n                              <m:mrow>\r\n                                 <m:mo>∫</m:mo>\r\n                              </m:mrow>\r\n                              <m:mrow>\r\n                                 <m:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">Ω</m:mi>\r\n                              </m:mrow>\r\n                           </m:msub>\r\n                           <m:mi>u</m:mi>\r\n                           <m:mrow>\r\n                              <m:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</m:mo>\r\n                              <m:mrow>\r\n                                 <m:mo>⋅</m:mo>\r\n                                 <m:mo>,</m:mo>\r\n                                 <m:mi>t</m:mi>\r\n                              </m:mrow>\r\n                              <m:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</m:mo>\r\n                           </m:mrow>\r\n                           <m:mi>ln</m:mi>\r\n                           <m:mo>⁡</m:mo>\r\n                           <m:mi>u</m:mi>\r\n                           <m:mrow>\r\n                              <m:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</m:mo>\r\n                              <m:mrow>\r\n                                 <m:mo>⋅</m:mo>\r\n                                 <m:mo>,</m:mo>\r\n                                 <m:mi>t</m:mi>\r\n                              </m:mrow>\r\n                              <m:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</m:mo>\r\n                           </m:mrow>\r\n                           <m:mo>&lt;</m:mo>\r\n                           <m:mi>∞</m:mi>\r\n                           <m:mspace width=\"2em\"/>\r\n                           <m:mtext>for all </m:mtext>\r\n                           <m:mi>T</m:mi>\r\n                           <m:mo>&gt;</m:mo>\r\n                           <m:mn>0</m:mn>\r\n                           <m:mo>,</m:mo>\r\n                        </m:math>\r\n                        <jats:tex-math>\r\n$$C\\left(T\\right){:=}\\underset{t\\in \\left(0,T\\right)}{\\text{ess\\,sup}}{\\int }_{{\\Omega}}u\\left(\\cdot ,t\\right)\\mathrm{ln}u\\left(\\cdot ,t\\right){&lt; }\\infty \\qquad \\text{for\\,all\\,}T{ &gt;}0,$$\r\n</jats:tex-math>\r\n                        <jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic/j_ans-2023-0131_eq_997.png\"/>\r\n                     </jats:alternatives>\r\n                  </jats:disp-formula>with sup<jats:sub>\r\n                     <jats:italic>T</jats:italic>&gt;0</jats:sub>\r\n                  <jats:italic>C</jats:italic>(<jats:italic>T</jats:italic>) &lt; ∞ if <jats:italic>α</jats:italic> ∈ [1, 2].</jats:p>","lang":"eng"}],"type":"journal_article","publication":"Advanced Nonlinear Studies","doi":"10.1515/ans-2023-0131","title":"A degenerate migration-consumption model in domains of arbitrary dimension","date_created":"2025-12-18T19:09:41Z","author":[{"first_name":"Michael","id":"31496","full_name":"Winkler, Michael","last_name":"Winkler"}],"volume":24,"date_updated":"2025-12-18T20:10:00Z","publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","citation":{"ieee":"M. Winkler, “A degenerate migration-consumption model in domains of arbitrary dimension,” <i>Advanced Nonlinear Studies</i>, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 592–615, 2024, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1515/ans-2023-0131\">10.1515/ans-2023-0131</a>.","chicago":"Winkler, Michael. “A Degenerate Migration-Consumption Model in Domains of Arbitrary Dimension.” <i>Advanced Nonlinear Studies</i> 24, no. 3 (2024): 592–615. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1515/ans-2023-0131\">https://doi.org/10.1515/ans-2023-0131</a>.","ama":"Winkler M. A degenerate migration-consumption model in domains of arbitrary dimension. <i>Advanced Nonlinear Studies</i>. 2024;24(3):592-615. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1515/ans-2023-0131\">10.1515/ans-2023-0131</a>","short":"M. Winkler, Advanced Nonlinear Studies 24 (2024) 592–615.","bibtex":"@article{Winkler_2024, title={A degenerate migration-consumption model in domains of arbitrary dimension}, volume={24}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1515/ans-2023-0131\">10.1515/ans-2023-0131</a>}, number={3}, journal={Advanced Nonlinear Studies}, publisher={Walter de Gruyter GmbH}, author={Winkler, Michael}, year={2024}, pages={592–615} }","mla":"Winkler, Michael. “A Degenerate Migration-Consumption Model in Domains of Arbitrary Dimension.” <i>Advanced Nonlinear Studies</i>, vol. 24, no. 3, Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2024, pp. 592–615, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1515/ans-2023-0131\">10.1515/ans-2023-0131</a>.","apa":"Winkler, M. (2024). A degenerate migration-consumption model in domains of arbitrary dimension. <i>Advanced Nonlinear Studies</i>, <i>24</i>(3), 592–615. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1515/ans-2023-0131\">https://doi.org/10.1515/ans-2023-0131</a>"},"page":"592-615","intvolume":"        24","year":"2024","issue":"3","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2169-0375"]}},{"publication":"Mathematische Annalen","type":"journal_article","status":"public","abstract":[{"text":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\r\n          <jats:p>The Navier–Stokes system <jats:disp-formula>\r\n              <jats:alternatives>\r\n                <jats:tex-math>$$\\begin{aligned} \\left\\{ \\begin{array}{l} u_t + (u\\cdot \\nabla ) u =\\Delta u+\\nabla P + f(x,t), \\\\ \\nabla \\cdot u=0, \\end{array} \\right. \\end{aligned}$$</jats:tex-math>\r\n                <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\">\r\n                  <mml:mrow>\r\n                    <mml:mtable>\r\n                      <mml:mtr>\r\n                        <mml:mtd>\r\n                          <mml:mfenced>\r\n                            <mml:mrow>\r\n                              <mml:mtable>\r\n                                <mml:mtr>\r\n                                  <mml:mtd>\r\n                                    <mml:mrow>\r\n                                      <mml:msub>\r\n                                        <mml:mi>u</mml:mi>\r\n                                        <mml:mi>t</mml:mi>\r\n                                      </mml:msub>\r\n                                      <mml:mo>+</mml:mo>\r\n                                      <mml:mrow>\r\n                                        <mml:mo>(</mml:mo>\r\n                                        <mml:mi>u</mml:mi>\r\n                                        <mml:mo>·</mml:mo>\r\n                                        <mml:mi>∇</mml:mi>\r\n                                        <mml:mo>)</mml:mo>\r\n                                      </mml:mrow>\r\n                                      <mml:mi>u</mml:mi>\r\n                                      <mml:mo>=</mml:mo>\r\n                                      <mml:mi>Δ</mml:mi>\r\n                                      <mml:mi>u</mml:mi>\r\n                                      <mml:mo>+</mml:mo>\r\n                                      <mml:mi>∇</mml:mi>\r\n                                      <mml:mi>P</mml:mi>\r\n                                      <mml:mo>+</mml:mo>\r\n                                      <mml:mi>f</mml:mi>\r\n                                      <mml:mrow>\r\n                                        <mml:mo>(</mml:mo>\r\n                                        <mml:mi>x</mml:mi>\r\n                                        <mml:mo>,</mml:mo>\r\n                                        <mml:mi>t</mml:mi>\r\n                                        <mml:mo>)</mml:mo>\r\n                                      </mml:mrow>\r\n                                      <mml:mo>,</mml:mo>\r\n                                    </mml:mrow>\r\n                                  </mml:mtd>\r\n                                </mml:mtr>\r\n                                <mml:mtr>\r\n                                  <mml:mtd>\r\n                                    <mml:mrow>\r\n                                      <mml:mrow/>\r\n                                      <mml:mi>∇</mml:mi>\r\n                                      <mml:mo>·</mml:mo>\r\n                                      <mml:mi>u</mml:mi>\r\n                                      <mml:mo>=</mml:mo>\r\n                                      <mml:mn>0</mml:mn>\r\n                                      <mml:mo>,</mml:mo>\r\n                                    </mml:mrow>\r\n                                  </mml:mtd>\r\n                                </mml:mtr>\r\n                              </mml:mtable>\r\n                            </mml:mrow>\r\n                          </mml:mfenced>\r\n                        </mml:mtd>\r\n                      </mml:mtr>\r\n                    </mml:mtable>\r\n                  </mml:mrow>\r\n                </mml:math>\r\n              </jats:alternatives>\r\n            </jats:disp-formula>is considered along with homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions in a smoothly bounded planar domain <jats:inline-formula>\r\n              <jats:alternatives>\r\n                <jats:tex-math>$$\\Omega $$</jats:tex-math>\r\n                <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\">\r\n                  <mml:mi>Ω</mml:mi>\r\n                </mml:math>\r\n              </jats:alternatives>\r\n            </jats:inline-formula>. It is firstly, inter alia, observed that if <jats:inline-formula>\r\n              <jats:alternatives>\r\n                <jats:tex-math>$$T&gt;0$$</jats:tex-math>\r\n                <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\">\r\n                  <mml:mrow>\r\n                    <mml:mi>T</mml:mi>\r\n                    <mml:mo>&gt;</mml:mo>\r\n                    <mml:mn>0</mml:mn>\r\n                  </mml:mrow>\r\n                </mml:math>\r\n              </jats:alternatives>\r\n            </jats:inline-formula> and <jats:disp-formula>\r\n              <jats:alternatives>\r\n                <jats:tex-math>$$\\begin{aligned} \\int _0^T \\bigg \\{ \\int _\\Omega |f(x,t)| \\cdot \\ln ^\\frac{1}{2} \\big (|f(x,t)|+1\\big ) dx \\bigg \\}^2 dt &lt;\\infty , \\end{aligned}$$</jats:tex-math>\r\n                <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\">\r\n                  <mml:mrow>\r\n                    <mml:mtable>\r\n                      <mml:mtr>\r\n                        <mml:mtd>\r\n                          <mml:mrow>\r\n                            <mml:msubsup>\r\n                              <mml:mo>∫</mml:mo>\r\n                              <mml:mn>0</mml:mn>\r\n                              <mml:mi>T</mml:mi>\r\n                            </mml:msubsup>\r\n                            <mml:mrow>\r\n                              <mml:mo>{</mml:mo>\r\n                            </mml:mrow>\r\n                            <mml:msub>\r\n                              <mml:mo>∫</mml:mo>\r\n                              <mml:mi>Ω</mml:mi>\r\n                            </mml:msub>\r\n                            <mml:mrow>\r\n                              <mml:mo>|</mml:mo>\r\n                              <mml:mi>f</mml:mi>\r\n                              <mml:mrow>\r\n                                <mml:mo>(</mml:mo>\r\n                                <mml:mi>x</mml:mi>\r\n                                <mml:mo>,</mml:mo>\r\n                                <mml:mi>t</mml:mi>\r\n                                <mml:mo>)</mml:mo>\r\n                              </mml:mrow>\r\n                              <mml:mo>|</mml:mo>\r\n                            </mml:mrow>\r\n                            <mml:mo>·</mml:mo>\r\n                            <mml:msup>\r\n                              <mml:mo>ln</mml:mo>\r\n                              <mml:mfrac>\r\n                                <mml:mn>1</mml:mn>\r\n                                <mml:mn>2</mml:mn>\r\n                              </mml:mfrac>\r\n                            </mml:msup>\r\n                            <mml:mrow>\r\n                              <mml:mo>(</mml:mo>\r\n                            </mml:mrow>\r\n                            <mml:mrow>\r\n                              <mml:mo>|</mml:mo>\r\n                              <mml:mi>f</mml:mi>\r\n                              <mml:mrow>\r\n                                <mml:mo>(</mml:mo>\r\n                                <mml:mi>x</mml:mi>\r\n                                <mml:mo>,</mml:mo>\r\n                                <mml:mi>t</mml:mi>\r\n                                <mml:mo>)</mml:mo>\r\n                              </mml:mrow>\r\n                              <mml:mo>|</mml:mo>\r\n                            </mml:mrow>\r\n                            <mml:mo>+</mml:mo>\r\n                            <mml:mn>1</mml:mn>\r\n                            <mml:mrow>\r\n                              <mml:mo>)</mml:mo>\r\n                            </mml:mrow>\r\n                            <mml:mi>d</mml:mi>\r\n                            <mml:mi>x</mml:mi>\r\n                            <mml:msup>\r\n                              <mml:mrow>\r\n                                <mml:mo>}</mml:mo>\r\n                              </mml:mrow>\r\n                              <mml:mn>2</mml:mn>\r\n                            </mml:msup>\r\n                            <mml:mi>d</mml:mi>\r\n                            <mml:mi>t</mml:mi>\r\n                            <mml:mo>&lt;</mml:mo>\r\n                            <mml:mi>∞</mml:mi>\r\n                            <mml:mo>,</mml:mo>\r\n                          </mml:mrow>\r\n                        </mml:mtd>\r\n                      </mml:mtr>\r\n                    </mml:mtable>\r\n                  </mml:mrow>\r\n                </mml:math>\r\n              </jats:alternatives>\r\n            </jats:disp-formula>then for all divergence-free <jats:inline-formula>\r\n              <jats:alternatives>\r\n                <jats:tex-math>$$u_0\\in L^2(\\Omega ;{\\mathbb {R}}^2)$$</jats:tex-math>\r\n                <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\">\r\n                  <mml:mrow>\r\n                    <mml:msub>\r\n                      <mml:mi>u</mml:mi>\r\n                      <mml:mn>0</mml:mn>\r\n                    </mml:msub>\r\n                    <mml:mo>∈</mml:mo>\r\n                    <mml:msup>\r\n                      <mml:mi>L</mml:mi>\r\n                      <mml:mn>2</mml:mn>\r\n                    </mml:msup>\r\n                    <mml:mrow>\r\n                      <mml:mo>(</mml:mo>\r\n                      <mml:mi>Ω</mml:mi>\r\n                      <mml:mo>;</mml:mo>\r\n                      <mml:msup>\r\n                        <mml:mrow>\r\n                          <mml:mi>R</mml:mi>\r\n                        </mml:mrow>\r\n                        <mml:mn>2</mml:mn>\r\n                      </mml:msup>\r\n                      <mml:mo>)</mml:mo>\r\n                    </mml:mrow>\r\n                  </mml:mrow>\r\n                </mml:math>\r\n              </jats:alternatives>\r\n            </jats:inline-formula>, a corresponding initial-boundary value problem admits a weak solution <jats:italic>u</jats:italic> with <jats:inline-formula>\r\n              <jats:alternatives>\r\n                <jats:tex-math>$$u|_{t=0}=u_0$$</jats:tex-math>\r\n                <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\">\r\n                  <mml:mrow>\r\n                    <mml:msub>\r\n                      <mml:mrow>\r\n                        <mml:mi>u</mml:mi>\r\n                        <mml:mo>|</mml:mo>\r\n                      </mml:mrow>\r\n                      <mml:mrow>\r\n                        <mml:mi>t</mml:mi>\r\n                        <mml:mo>=</mml:mo>\r\n                        <mml:mn>0</mml:mn>\r\n                      </mml:mrow>\r\n                    </mml:msub>\r\n                    <mml:mo>=</mml:mo>\r\n                    <mml:msub>\r\n                      <mml:mi>u</mml:mi>\r\n                      <mml:mn>0</mml:mn>\r\n                    </mml:msub>\r\n                  </mml:mrow>\r\n                </mml:math>\r\n              </jats:alternatives>\r\n            </jats:inline-formula>. For any positive and nondecreasing <jats:inline-formula>\r\n              <jats:alternatives>\r\n                <jats:tex-math>$$L\\in C^0([0,\\infty ))$$</jats:tex-math>\r\n                <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\">\r\n                  <mml:mrow>\r\n                    <mml:mi>L</mml:mi>\r\n                    <mml:mo>∈</mml:mo>\r\n                    <mml:msup>\r\n                      <mml:mi>C</mml:mi>\r\n                      <mml:mn>0</mml:mn>\r\n                    </mml:msup>\r\n                    <mml:mrow>\r\n                      <mml:mo>(</mml:mo>\r\n                      <mml:mrow>\r\n                        <mml:mo>[</mml:mo>\r\n                        <mml:mn>0</mml:mn>\r\n                        <mml:mo>,</mml:mo>\r\n                        <mml:mi>∞</mml:mi>\r\n                        <mml:mo>)</mml:mo>\r\n                      </mml:mrow>\r\n                      <mml:mo>)</mml:mo>\r\n                    </mml:mrow>\r\n                  </mml:mrow>\r\n                </mml:math>\r\n              </jats:alternatives>\r\n            </jats:inline-formula> such that <jats:disp-formula>\r\n              <jats:alternatives>\r\n                <jats:tex-math>$$\\begin{aligned} \\frac{L(\\xi )}{\\ln ^\\frac{1}{2} \\xi } \\rightarrow 0 \\qquad \\text{ as } \\xi \\rightarrow \\infty , \\end{aligned}$$</jats:tex-math>\r\n                <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\">\r\n                  <mml:mrow>\r\n                    <mml:mtable>\r\n                      <mml:mtr>\r\n                        <mml:mtd>\r\n                          <mml:mrow>\r\n                            <mml:mfrac>\r\n                              <mml:mrow>\r\n                                <mml:mi>L</mml:mi>\r\n                                <mml:mo>(</mml:mo>\r\n                                <mml:mi>ξ</mml:mi>\r\n                                <mml:mo>)</mml:mo>\r\n                              </mml:mrow>\r\n                              <mml:mrow>\r\n                                <mml:msup>\r\n                                  <mml:mo>ln</mml:mo>\r\n                                  <mml:mfrac>\r\n                                    <mml:mn>1</mml:mn>\r\n                                    <mml:mn>2</mml:mn>\r\n                                  </mml:mfrac>\r\n                                </mml:msup>\r\n                                <mml:mi>ξ</mml:mi>\r\n                              </mml:mrow>\r\n                            </mml:mfrac>\r\n                            <mml:mo>→</mml:mo>\r\n                            <mml:mn>0</mml:mn>\r\n                            <mml:mspace/>\r\n                            <mml:mspace/>\r\n                            <mml:mtext>as</mml:mtext>\r\n                            <mml:mspace/>\r\n                            <mml:mi>ξ</mml:mi>\r\n                            <mml:mo>→</mml:mo>\r\n                            <mml:mi>∞</mml:mi>\r\n                            <mml:mo>,</mml:mo>\r\n                          </mml:mrow>\r\n                        </mml:mtd>\r\n                      </mml:mtr>\r\n                    </mml:mtable>\r\n                  </mml:mrow>\r\n                </mml:math>\r\n              </jats:alternatives>\r\n            </jats:disp-formula>this is complemented by a statement on nonexistence of such a solution in the presence of smooth initial data and a suitably constructed <jats:inline-formula>\r\n              <jats:alternatives>\r\n                <jats:tex-math>$$f:\\Omega \\times (0,T)\\rightarrow {\\mathbb {R}}^2$$</jats:tex-math>\r\n                <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\">\r\n                  <mml:mrow>\r\n                    <mml:mi>f</mml:mi>\r\n                    <mml:mo>:</mml:mo>\r\n                    <mml:mi>Ω</mml:mi>\r\n                    <mml:mo>×</mml:mo>\r\n                    <mml:mrow>\r\n                      <mml:mo>(</mml:mo>\r\n                      <mml:mn>0</mml:mn>\r\n                      <mml:mo>,</mml:mo>\r\n                      <mml:mi>T</mml:mi>\r\n                      <mml:mo>)</mml:mo>\r\n                    </mml:mrow>\r\n                    <mml:mo>→</mml:mo>\r\n                    <mml:msup>\r\n                      <mml:mrow>\r\n                        <mml:mi>R</mml:mi>\r\n                      </mml:mrow>\r\n                      <mml:mn>2</mml:mn>\r\n                    </mml:msup>\r\n                  </mml:mrow>\r\n                </mml:math>\r\n              </jats:alternatives>\r\n            </jats:inline-formula> fulfilling <jats:disp-formula>\r\n              <jats:alternatives>\r\n                <jats:tex-math>$$\\begin{aligned} \\int _0^T \\bigg \\{ \\int _\\Omega |f(x,t)| \\cdot L\\big (|f(x,t)|\\big ) dx \\bigg \\}^2 dt &lt; \\infty . \\end{aligned}$$</jats:tex-math>\r\n                <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\">\r\n                  <mml:mrow>\r\n                    <mml:mtable>\r\n                      <mml:mtr>\r\n                        <mml:mtd>\r\n                          <mml:mrow>\r\n                            <mml:msubsup>\r\n                              <mml:mo>∫</mml:mo>\r\n                              <mml:mn>0</mml:mn>\r\n                              <mml:mi>T</mml:mi>\r\n                            </mml:msubsup>\r\n                            <mml:mrow>\r\n                              <mml:mo>{</mml:mo>\r\n                            </mml:mrow>\r\n                            <mml:msub>\r\n                              <mml:mo>∫</mml:mo>\r\n                              <mml:mi>Ω</mml:mi>\r\n                            </mml:msub>\r\n                            <mml:mrow>\r\n                              <mml:mo>|</mml:mo>\r\n                              <mml:mi>f</mml:mi>\r\n                              <mml:mrow>\r\n                                <mml:mo>(</mml:mo>\r\n                                <mml:mi>x</mml:mi>\r\n                                <mml:mo>,</mml:mo>\r\n                                <mml:mi>t</mml:mi>\r\n                                <mml:mo>)</mml:mo>\r\n                              </mml:mrow>\r\n                              <mml:mo>|</mml:mo>\r\n                            </mml:mrow>\r\n                            <mml:mo>·</mml:mo>\r\n                            <mml:mrow>\r\n                              <mml:mi>L</mml:mi>\r\n                              <mml:mrow>\r\n                                <mml:mo>(</mml:mo>\r\n                              </mml:mrow>\r\n                              <mml:mo>|</mml:mo>\r\n                              <mml:mi>f</mml:mi>\r\n                              <mml:mrow>\r\n                                <mml:mo>(</mml:mo>\r\n                                <mml:mi>x</mml:mi>\r\n                                <mml:mo>,</mml:mo>\r\n                                <mml:mi>t</mml:mi>\r\n                                <mml:mo>)</mml:mo>\r\n                              </mml:mrow>\r\n                              <mml:mo>|</mml:mo>\r\n                              <mml:mrow>\r\n                                <mml:mo>)</mml:mo>\r\n                              </mml:mrow>\r\n                              <mml:mi>d</mml:mi>\r\n                              <mml:mi>x</mml:mi>\r\n                            </mml:mrow>\r\n                            <mml:msup>\r\n                              <mml:mrow>\r\n                                <mml:mo>}</mml:mo>\r\n                              </mml:mrow>\r\n                              <mml:mn>2</mml:mn>\r\n                            </mml:msup>\r\n                            <mml:mi>d</mml:mi>\r\n                            <mml:mi>t</mml:mi>\r\n                            <mml:mo>&lt;</mml:mo>\r\n                            <mml:mi>∞</mml:mi>\r\n                            <mml:mo>.</mml:mo>\r\n                          </mml:mrow>\r\n                        </mml:mtd>\r\n                      </mml:mtr>\r\n                    </mml:mtable>\r\n                  </mml:mrow>\r\n                </mml:math>\r\n              </jats:alternatives>\r\n            </jats:disp-formula>This resolves a fine structure in the borderline case <jats:inline-formula>\r\n              <jats:alternatives>\r\n                <jats:tex-math>$$p=1$$</jats:tex-math>\r\n                <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\">\r\n                  <mml:mrow>\r\n                    <mml:mi>p</mml:mi>\r\n                    <mml:mo>=</mml:mo>\r\n                    <mml:mn>1</mml:mn>\r\n                  </mml:mrow>\r\n                </mml:math>\r\n              </jats:alternatives>\r\n            </jats:inline-formula> and <jats:inline-formula>\r\n              <jats:alternatives>\r\n                <jats:tex-math>$$q=2$$</jats:tex-math>\r\n                <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\">\r\n                  <mml:mrow>\r\n                    <mml:mi>q</mml:mi>\r\n                    <mml:mo>=</mml:mo>\r\n                    <mml:mn>2</mml:mn>\r\n                  </mml:mrow>\r\n                </mml:math>\r\n              </jats:alternatives>\r\n            </jats:inline-formula> appearing in results on existence of weak solutions for sources in <jats:inline-formula>\r\n              <jats:alternatives>\r\n                <jats:tex-math>$$L^q((0,T);L^p(\\Omega ;{\\mathbb {R}}^2))$$</jats:tex-math>\r\n                <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\">\r\n                  <mml:mrow>\r\n                    <mml:msup>\r\n                      <mml:mi>L</mml:mi>\r\n                      <mml:mi>q</mml:mi>\r\n                    </mml:msup>\r\n                    <mml:mrow>\r\n                      <mml:mo>(</mml:mo>\r\n                      <mml:mrow>\r\n                        <mml:mo>(</mml:mo>\r\n                        <mml:mn>0</mml:mn>\r\n                        <mml:mo>,</mml:mo>\r\n                        <mml:mi>T</mml:mi>\r\n                        <mml:mo>)</mml:mo>\r\n                      </mml:mrow>\r\n                      <mml:mo>;</mml:mo>\r\n                      <mml:msup>\r\n                        <mml:mi>L</mml:mi>\r\n                        <mml:mi>p</mml:mi>\r\n                      </mml:msup>\r\n                      <mml:mrow>\r\n                        <mml:mo>(</mml:mo>\r\n                        <mml:mi>Ω</mml:mi>\r\n                        <mml:mo>;</mml:mo>\r\n                        <mml:msup>\r\n                          <mml:mrow>\r\n                            <mml:mi>R</mml:mi>\r\n                          </mml:mrow>\r\n                          <mml:mn>2</mml:mn>\r\n                        </mml:msup>\r\n                        <mml:mo>)</mml:mo>\r\n                      </mml:mrow>\r\n                      <mml:mo>)</mml:mo>\r\n                    </mml:mrow>\r\n                  </mml:mrow>\r\n                </mml:math>\r\n              </jats:alternatives>\r\n            </jats:inline-formula> when <jats:inline-formula>\r\n              <jats:alternatives>\r\n                <jats:tex-math>$$p\\in (1,\\infty ]$$</jats:tex-math>\r\n                <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\">\r\n                  <mml:mrow>\r\n                    <mml:mi>p</mml:mi>\r\n                    <mml:mo>∈</mml:mo>\r\n                    <mml:mo>(</mml:mo>\r\n                    <mml:mn>1</mml:mn>\r\n                    <mml:mo>,</mml:mo>\r\n                    <mml:mi>∞</mml:mi>\r\n                    <mml:mo>]</mml:mo>\r\n                  </mml:mrow>\r\n                </mml:math>\r\n              </jats:alternatives>\r\n            </jats:inline-formula> and <jats:inline-formula>\r\n              <jats:alternatives>\r\n                <jats:tex-math>$$q\\in [1,\\infty ]$$</jats:tex-math>\r\n                <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\">\r\n                  <mml:mrow>\r\n                    <mml:mi>q</mml:mi>\r\n                    <mml:mo>∈</mml:mo>\r\n                    <mml:mo>[</mml:mo>\r\n                    <mml:mn>1</mml:mn>\r\n                    <mml:mo>,</mml:mo>\r\n                    <mml:mi>∞</mml:mi>\r\n                    <mml:mo>]</mml:mo>\r\n                  </mml:mrow>\r\n                </mml:math>\r\n              </jats:alternatives>\r\n            </jats:inline-formula> satisfy <jats:inline-formula>\r\n              <jats:alternatives>\r\n                <jats:tex-math>$$\\frac{1}{p}+\\frac{1}{q}\\le \\frac{3}{2}$$</jats:tex-math>\r\n                <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\">\r\n                  <mml:mrow>\r\n                    <mml:mfrac>\r\n                      <mml:mn>1</mml:mn>\r\n                      <mml:mi>p</mml:mi>\r\n                    </mml:mfrac>\r\n                    <mml:mo>+</mml:mo>\r\n                    <mml:mfrac>\r\n                      <mml:mn>1</mml:mn>\r\n                      <mml:mi>q</mml:mi>\r\n                    </mml:mfrac>\r\n                    <mml:mo>≤</mml:mo>\r\n                    <mml:mfrac>\r\n                      <mml:mn>3</mml:mn>\r\n                      <mml:mn>2</mml:mn>\r\n                    </mml:mfrac>\r\n                  </mml:mrow>\r\n                </mml:math>\r\n              </jats:alternatives>\r\n            </jats:inline-formula>, and on nonexistence if here <jats:inline-formula>\r\n              <jats:alternatives>\r\n                <jats:tex-math>$$p\\in [1,\\infty )$$</jats:tex-math>\r\n                <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\">\r\n                  <mml:mrow>\r\n                    <mml:mi>p</mml:mi>\r\n                    <mml:mo>∈</mml:mo>\r\n                    <mml:mo>[</mml:mo>\r\n                    <mml:mn>1</mml:mn>\r\n                    <mml:mo>,</mml:mo>\r\n                    <mml:mi>∞</mml:mi>\r\n                    <mml:mo>)</mml:mo>\r\n                  </mml:mrow>\r\n                </mml:math>\r\n              </jats:alternatives>\r\n            </jats:inline-formula> and <jats:inline-formula>\r\n              <jats:alternatives>\r\n                <jats:tex-math>$$q\\in [1,\\infty )$$</jats:tex-math>\r\n                <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\">\r\n                  <mml:mrow>\r\n                    <mml:mi>q</mml:mi>\r\n                    <mml:mo>∈</mml:mo>\r\n                    <mml:mo>[</mml:mo>\r\n                    <mml:mn>1</mml:mn>\r\n                    <mml:mo>,</mml:mo>\r\n                    <mml:mi>∞</mml:mi>\r\n                    <mml:mo>)</mml:mo>\r\n                  </mml:mrow>\r\n                </mml:math>\r\n              </jats:alternatives>\r\n            </jats:inline-formula> are such that <jats:inline-formula>\r\n              <jats:alternatives>\r\n                <jats:tex-math>$$\\frac{1}{p}+\\frac{1}{q}&gt;\\frac{3}{2}$$</jats:tex-math>\r\n                <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\">\r\n                  <mml:mrow>\r\n                    <mml:mfrac>\r\n                      <mml:mn>1</mml:mn>\r\n                      <mml:mi>p</mml:mi>\r\n                    </mml:mfrac>\r\n                    <mml:mo>+</mml:mo>\r\n                    <mml:mfrac>\r\n                      <mml:mn>1</mml:mn>\r\n                      <mml:mi>q</mml:mi>\r\n                    </mml:mfrac>\r\n                    <mml:mo>&gt;</mml:mo>\r\n                    <mml:mfrac>\r\n                      <mml:mn>3</mml:mn>\r\n                      <mml:mn>2</mml:mn>\r\n                    </mml:mfrac>\r\n                  </mml:mrow>\r\n                </mml:math>\r\n              </jats:alternatives>\r\n            </jats:inline-formula>.</jats:p>","lang":"eng"}],"user_id":"31496","_id":"63248","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"issue":"2","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0025-5831","1432-1807"]},"publication_status":"published","page":"3023-3054","intvolume":"       391","citation":{"apa":"Winkler, M. (2024). Externally forced blow-up and optimal spaces for source regularity in the two-dimensional Navier–Stokes system. <i>Mathematische Annalen</i>, <i>391</i>(2), 3023–3054. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00208-024-02987-6\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00208-024-02987-6</a>","mla":"Winkler, Michael. “Externally Forced Blow-up and Optimal Spaces for Source Regularity in the Two-Dimensional Navier–Stokes System.” <i>Mathematische Annalen</i>, vol. 391, no. 2, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2024, pp. 3023–54, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00208-024-02987-6\">10.1007/s00208-024-02987-6</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Winkler_2024, title={Externally forced blow-up and optimal spaces for source regularity in the two-dimensional Navier–Stokes system}, volume={391}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00208-024-02987-6\">10.1007/s00208-024-02987-6</a>}, number={2}, journal={Mathematische Annalen}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Winkler, Michael}, year={2024}, pages={3023–3054} }","short":"M. Winkler, Mathematische Annalen 391 (2024) 3023–3054.","chicago":"Winkler, Michael. “Externally Forced Blow-up and Optimal Spaces for Source Regularity in the Two-Dimensional Navier–Stokes System.” <i>Mathematische Annalen</i> 391, no. 2 (2024): 3023–54. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00208-024-02987-6\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00208-024-02987-6</a>.","ieee":"M. Winkler, “Externally forced blow-up and optimal spaces for source regularity in the two-dimensional Navier–Stokes system,” <i>Mathematische Annalen</i>, vol. 391, no. 2, pp. 3023–3054, 2024, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00208-024-02987-6\">10.1007/s00208-024-02987-6</a>.","ama":"Winkler M. Externally forced blow-up and optimal spaces for source regularity in the two-dimensional Navier–Stokes system. <i>Mathematische Annalen</i>. 2024;391(2):3023-3054. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00208-024-02987-6\">10.1007/s00208-024-02987-6</a>"},"year":"2024","volume":391,"author":[{"full_name":"Winkler, Michael","id":"31496","last_name":"Winkler","first_name":"Michael"}],"date_created":"2025-12-18T19:02:09Z","publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","date_updated":"2025-12-18T20:13:05Z","doi":"10.1007/s00208-024-02987-6","title":"Externally forced blow-up and optimal spaces for source regularity in the two-dimensional Navier–Stokes system"},{"citation":{"apa":"Winkler, M. (2024). Logarithmically refined Gagliardo–Nirenberg interpolation and application to blow-up exclusion in a singular chemotaxis–consumption system. <i>Annales de l’Institut Henri Poincaré C, Analyse Non Linéaire</i>, <i>42</i>(6), 1601–1630. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.4171/aihpc/141\">https://doi.org/10.4171/aihpc/141</a>","mla":"Winkler, Michael. “Logarithmically Refined Gagliardo–Nirenberg Interpolation and Application to Blow-up Exclusion in a Singular Chemotaxis–Consumption System.” <i>Annales de l’Institut Henri Poincaré C, Analyse Non Linéaire</i>, vol. 42, no. 6, European Mathematical Society - EMS - Publishing House GmbH, 2024, pp. 1601–30, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.4171/aihpc/141\">10.4171/aihpc/141</a>.","short":"M. Winkler, Annales de l’Institut Henri Poincaré C, Analyse Non Linéaire 42 (2024) 1601–1630.","bibtex":"@article{Winkler_2024, title={Logarithmically refined Gagliardo–Nirenberg interpolation and application to blow-up exclusion in a singular chemotaxis–consumption system}, volume={42}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.4171/aihpc/141\">10.4171/aihpc/141</a>}, number={6}, journal={Annales de l’Institut Henri Poincaré C, Analyse non linéaire}, publisher={European Mathematical Society - EMS - Publishing House GmbH}, author={Winkler, Michael}, year={2024}, pages={1601–1630} }","ama":"Winkler M. Logarithmically refined Gagliardo–Nirenberg interpolation and application to blow-up exclusion in a singular chemotaxis–consumption system. <i>Annales de l’Institut Henri Poincaré C, Analyse non linéaire</i>. 2024;42(6):1601-1630. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.4171/aihpc/141\">10.4171/aihpc/141</a>","ieee":"M. Winkler, “Logarithmically refined Gagliardo–Nirenberg interpolation and application to blow-up exclusion in a singular chemotaxis–consumption system,” <i>Annales de l’Institut Henri Poincaré C, Analyse non linéaire</i>, vol. 42, no. 6, pp. 1601–1630, 2024, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.4171/aihpc/141\">10.4171/aihpc/141</a>.","chicago":"Winkler, Michael. “Logarithmically Refined Gagliardo–Nirenberg Interpolation and Application to Blow-up Exclusion in a Singular Chemotaxis–Consumption System.” <i>Annales de l’Institut Henri Poincaré C, Analyse Non Linéaire</i> 42, no. 6 (2024): 1601–30. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.4171/aihpc/141\">https://doi.org/10.4171/aihpc/141</a>."},"intvolume":"        42","page":"1601-1630","year":"2024","issue":"6","publication_status":"published","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0294-1449","1873-1430"]},"doi":"10.4171/aihpc/141","title":"Logarithmically refined Gagliardo–Nirenberg interpolation and application to blow-up exclusion in a singular chemotaxis–consumption system","date_created":"2025-12-18T19:00:24Z","author":[{"last_name":"Winkler","id":"31496","full_name":"Winkler, Michael","first_name":"Michael"}],"volume":42,"date_updated":"2025-12-18T20:12:43Z","publisher":"European Mathematical Society - EMS - Publishing House GmbH","status":"public","abstract":[{"text":"<jats:p>\r\n            A family of interpolation inequalities is derived, which differ from estimates of classical Gagliardo–Nirenberg type through the appearance of certain logarithmic deviations from standard Lebesgue norms in zero-order expressions. Optimality of the obtained inequalities is shown. A subsequent application reveals that when posed under homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions in smoothly bounded planar domains and with suitably regular initial data, for any choice of \r\n            <jats:inline-formula>\r\n              <jats:tex-math>\\alpha&gt;0</jats:tex-math>\r\n            </jats:inline-formula>\r\n             the Keller–Segel-type migration–consumption system \r\n            <jats:inline-formula>\r\n              <jats:tex-math>u_{t} = \\Delta (uv^{-\\alpha})</jats:tex-math>\r\n            </jats:inline-formula>\r\n            , \r\n            <jats:inline-formula>\r\n              <jats:tex-math>v_{t} = \\Delta v-uv</jats:tex-math>\r\n            </jats:inline-formula>\r\n            , admits a global classical solution.\r\n          </jats:p>","lang":"eng"}],"type":"journal_article","publication":"Annales de l'Institut Henri Poincaré C, Analyse non linéaire","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"user_id":"31496","_id":"63245"},{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"article_number":"26","user_id":"31496","_id":"63257","status":"public","abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The quasilinear Keller–Segel system<jats:disp-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$\\begin{aligned} \\left\\{ \\begin{array}{l} u_t=\\nabla \\cdot (D(u)\\nabla u) - \\nabla \\cdot (S(u)\\nabla v), \\\\ v_t=\\Delta v-v+u, \\end{array}\\right. \\end{aligned}$$</jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:mtable><mml:mtr><mml:mtd><mml:mfenced><mml:mrow><mml:mtable><mml:mtr><mml:mtd><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>u</mml:mi><mml:mi>t</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mi>∇</mml:mi><mml:mo>·</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi>D</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi>u</mml:mi><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mi>∇</mml:mi><mml:mi>u</mml:mi><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mo>-</mml:mo><mml:mi>∇</mml:mi><mml:mo>·</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi>S</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi>u</mml:mi><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mi>∇</mml:mi><mml:mi>v</mml:mi><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mo>,</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mtd></mml:mtr><mml:mtr><mml:mtd><mml:mrow><mml:mrow/><mml:msub><mml:mi>v</mml:mi><mml:mi>t</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mi>Δ</mml:mi><mml:mi>v</mml:mi><mml:mo>-</mml:mo><mml:mi>v</mml:mi><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mi>u</mml:mi><mml:mo>,</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mtd></mml:mtr></mml:mtable></mml:mrow></mml:mfenced></mml:mtd></mml:mtr></mml:mtable></mml:mrow></mml:math></jats:alternatives></jats:disp-formula>endowed with homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions is considered in a bounded domain<jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$\\Omega \\subset {\\mathbb {R}}^n$$</jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Ω</mml:mi><mml:mo>⊂</mml:mo><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>R</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mi>n</mml:mi></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math></jats:alternatives></jats:inline-formula>,<jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$n \\ge 3$$</jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>≥</mml:mo><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math></jats:alternatives></jats:inline-formula>, with smooth boundary for sufficiently regular functions<jats:italic>D</jats:italic>and<jats:italic>S</jats:italic>satisfying<jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$D&gt;0$$</jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>D</mml:mi><mml:mo>&gt;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math></jats:alternatives></jats:inline-formula>on<jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$[0,\\infty )$$</jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:mo>[</mml:mo><mml:mn>0</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mi>∞</mml:mi><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math></jats:alternatives></jats:inline-formula>,<jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$S&gt;0$$</jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>S</mml:mi><mml:mo>&gt;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math></jats:alternatives></jats:inline-formula>on<jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$(0,\\infty )$$</jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mn>0</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mi>∞</mml:mi><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math></jats:alternatives></jats:inline-formula>and<jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$S(0)=0$$</jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>S</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mn>0</mml:mn><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math></jats:alternatives></jats:inline-formula>. On the one hand, it is shown that if<jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$\\frac{S}{D}$$</jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mml:mfrac><mml:mi>S</mml:mi><mml:mi>D</mml:mi></mml:mfrac></mml:math></jats:alternatives></jats:inline-formula>satisfies the subcritical growth condition<jats:disp-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$\\begin{aligned} \\frac{S(s)}{D(s)} \\le C s^\\alpha \\qquad \\text{ for } \\text{ all } s\\ge 1 \\qquad \\text{ with } \\text{ some } \\alpha &lt; \\frac{2}{n} \\end{aligned}$$</jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:mtable><mml:mtr><mml:mtd><mml:mrow><mml:mfrac><mml:mrow><mml:mi>S</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi>s</mml:mi><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>D</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi>s</mml:mi><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mfrac><mml:mo>≤</mml:mo><mml:mi>C</mml:mi><mml:msup><mml:mi>s</mml:mi><mml:mi>α</mml:mi></mml:msup><mml:mspace/><mml:mspace/><mml:mtext>for</mml:mtext><mml:mspace/><mml:mspace/><mml:mtext>all</mml:mtext><mml:mspace/><mml:mi>s</mml:mi><mml:mo>≥</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mspace/><mml:mspace/><mml:mtext>with</mml:mtext><mml:mspace/><mml:mspace/><mml:mtext>some</mml:mtext><mml:mspace/><mml:mi>α</mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;</mml:mo><mml:mfrac><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mi>n</mml:mi></mml:mfrac></mml:mrow></mml:mtd></mml:mtr></mml:mtable></mml:mrow></mml:math></jats:alternatives></jats:disp-formula>and<jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$C&gt;0$$</jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>C</mml:mi><mml:mo>&gt;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math></jats:alternatives></jats:inline-formula>, then for any sufficiently regular initial data there exists a global weak energy solution such that<jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$${ \\mathrm{{ess}}} \\sup _{t&gt;0} \\Vert u(t) \\Vert _{L^p(\\Omega )}&lt;\\infty $$</jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>ess</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mo>sup</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mi>t</mml:mi><mml:mo>&gt;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mo>‖</mml:mo><mml:mi>u</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi>t</mml:mi><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mo>‖</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mi>L</mml:mi><mml:mi>p</mml:mi></mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi>Ω</mml:mi><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:mo>&lt;</mml:mo><mml:mi>∞</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math></jats:alternatives></jats:inline-formula>for some<jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$p &gt; \\frac{2n}{n+2}$$</jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mo>&gt;</mml:mo><mml:mfrac><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mi>n</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:mfrac></mml:mrow></mml:math></jats:alternatives></jats:inline-formula>. On the other hand, if<jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$\\frac{S}{D}$$</jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mml:mfrac><mml:mi>S</mml:mi><mml:mi>D</mml:mi></mml:mfrac></mml:math></jats:alternatives></jats:inline-formula>satisfies the supercritical growth condition<jats:disp-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$\\begin{aligned} \\frac{S(s)}{D(s)} \\ge c s^\\alpha \\qquad \\text{ for } \\text{ all } s\\ge 1 \\qquad \\text{ with } \\text{ some } \\alpha &gt; \\frac{2}{n} \\end{aligned}$$</jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:mtable><mml:mtr><mml:mtd><mml:mrow><mml:mfrac><mml:mrow><mml:mi>S</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi>s</mml:mi><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>D</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi>s</mml:mi><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mfrac><mml:mo>≥</mml:mo><mml:mi>c</mml:mi><mml:msup><mml:mi>s</mml:mi><mml:mi>α</mml:mi></mml:msup><mml:mspace/><mml:mspace/><mml:mtext>for</mml:mtext><mml:mspace/><mml:mspace/><mml:mtext>all</mml:mtext><mml:mspace/><mml:mi>s</mml:mi><mml:mo>≥</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mspace/><mml:mspace/><mml:mtext>with</mml:mtext><mml:mspace/><mml:mspace/><mml:mtext>some</mml:mtext><mml:mspace/><mml:mi>α</mml:mi><mml:mo>&gt;</mml:mo><mml:mfrac><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mi>n</mml:mi></mml:mfrac></mml:mrow></mml:mtd></mml:mtr></mml:mtable></mml:mrow></mml:math></jats:alternatives></jats:disp-formula>and<jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$c&gt;0$$</jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>c</mml:mi><mml:mo>&gt;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math></jats:alternatives></jats:inline-formula>, then the nonexistence of a global weak energy solution having the boundedness property stated above is shown for some initial data in the radial setting. This establishes some criticality of the value<jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$\\alpha = \\frac{2}{n}$$</jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>α</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mfrac><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mi>n</mml:mi></mml:mfrac></mml:mrow></mml:math></jats:alternatives></jats:inline-formula>for<jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$n \\ge 3$$</jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>≥</mml:mo><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math></jats:alternatives></jats:inline-formula>, without any additional assumption on the behavior of<jats:italic>D</jats:italic>(<jats:italic>s</jats:italic>) as<jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$s \\rightarrow \\infty $$</jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>s</mml:mi><mml:mo>→</mml:mo><mml:mi>∞</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math></jats:alternatives></jats:inline-formula>, in particular without requiring any algebraic lower bound for<jats:italic>D</jats:italic>. When applied to the Keller–Segel system with volume-filling effect for probability distribution functions of the type<jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$Q(s) = \\exp (-s^\\beta )$$</jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Q</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi>s</mml:mi><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mo>exp</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mo>-</mml:mo><mml:msup><mml:mi>s</mml:mi><mml:mi>β</mml:mi></mml:msup><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:math></jats:alternatives></jats:inline-formula>,<jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$s \\ge 0$$</jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>s</mml:mi><mml:mo>≥</mml:mo><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math></jats:alternatives></jats:inline-formula>, for global solvability the exponent<jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$\\beta = \\frac{n-2}{n}$$</jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>β</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mfrac><mml:mrow><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>-</mml:mo><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mi>n</mml:mi></mml:mfrac></mml:mrow></mml:math></jats:alternatives></jats:inline-formula>is seen to be critical.</jats:p>"}],"publication":"Journal of Evolution Equations","type":"journal_article","doi":"10.1007/s00028-024-00954-x","title":"A critical exponent in a quasilinear Keller–Segel system with arbitrarily fast decaying diffusivities accounting for volume-filling effects","volume":24,"date_created":"2025-12-18T19:06:36Z","author":[{"full_name":"Stinner, Christian","last_name":"Stinner","first_name":"Christian"},{"first_name":"Michael","id":"31496","full_name":"Winkler, Michael","last_name":"Winkler"}],"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","date_updated":"2025-12-18T20:14:21Z","intvolume":"        24","citation":{"apa":"Stinner, C., &#38; Winkler, M. (2024). A critical exponent in a quasilinear Keller–Segel system with arbitrarily fast decaying diffusivities accounting for volume-filling effects. <i>Journal of Evolution Equations</i>, <i>24</i>(2), Article 26. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00028-024-00954-x\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00028-024-00954-x</a>","mla":"Stinner, Christian, and Michael Winkler. “A Critical Exponent in a Quasilinear Keller–Segel System with Arbitrarily Fast Decaying Diffusivities Accounting for Volume-Filling Effects.” <i>Journal of Evolution Equations</i>, vol. 24, no. 2, 26, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00028-024-00954-x\">10.1007/s00028-024-00954-x</a>.","short":"C. Stinner, M. Winkler, Journal of Evolution Equations 24 (2024).","bibtex":"@article{Stinner_Winkler_2024, title={A critical exponent in a quasilinear Keller–Segel system with arbitrarily fast decaying diffusivities accounting for volume-filling effects}, volume={24}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00028-024-00954-x\">10.1007/s00028-024-00954-x</a>}, number={226}, journal={Journal of Evolution Equations}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Stinner, Christian and Winkler, Michael}, year={2024} }","ama":"Stinner C, Winkler M. A critical exponent in a quasilinear Keller–Segel system with arbitrarily fast decaying diffusivities accounting for volume-filling effects. <i>Journal of Evolution Equations</i>. 2024;24(2). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00028-024-00954-x\">10.1007/s00028-024-00954-x</a>","chicago":"Stinner, Christian, and Michael Winkler. “A Critical Exponent in a Quasilinear Keller–Segel System with Arbitrarily Fast Decaying Diffusivities Accounting for Volume-Filling Effects.” <i>Journal of Evolution Equations</i> 24, no. 2 (2024). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00028-024-00954-x\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00028-024-00954-x</a>.","ieee":"C. Stinner and M. Winkler, “A critical exponent in a quasilinear Keller–Segel system with arbitrarily fast decaying diffusivities accounting for volume-filling effects,” <i>Journal of Evolution Equations</i>, vol. 24, no. 2, Art. no. 26, 2024, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00028-024-00954-x\">10.1007/s00028-024-00954-x</a>."},"year":"2024","issue":"2","publication_identifier":{"issn":["1424-3199","1424-3202"]},"publication_status":"published"}]
