TY - CONF AB - What is preventing us from building a NLP system that could help real people in real situations, for instance when they need legal advice but don{’}t understand law? This question is trickier than one might think, because legal systems vary from country to country, so do the law books, availability of data, and incomprehensibility of legalese. In this paper we focus Germany (which employs the civil-law system where, roughly speaking, interpretation of law codes dominates over precedence) and lay a foundational work to address the laymen{’}s legal question answering empirically. We create GerLayQA, a new dataset comprising of 21k laymen{’}s legal questions paired with answers from lawyers and grounded to concrete law book paragraphs. We experiment with a variety of retrieval and answer generation models and provide an in-depth analysis of limitations, which helps us to provide first empirical answers to the question above. AU - Büttner, Marius AU - Habernal, Ivan ED - Graham, Yvette ED - Purver, Matthew ID - 52841 T2 - Proceedings of the 18th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) TI - Answering legal questions from laymen in German civil law system ER - TY - JOUR AB - Due to the hydrolytic instability of LiPF6 in carbonate-based solvents, HF is a typical impurity in Li-ion battery electrolytes. HF significantly influences the performance of Li-ion batteries, for example by impacting the formation of the solid electrolyte interphase at the anode and by affecting transition metal dissolution at the cathode. Additionally, HF complicates studying fundamental interfacial electrochemistry of Li-ion battery electrolytes, such as direct anion reduction, because it is electrocatalytically relatively unstable, resulting in LiF passivation layers. Methods to selectively remove ppm levels of HF from LiPF6-containing carbonate-based electrolytes are limited. We introduce and benchmark a simple yet efficient electrochemical in situ method to selectively remove ppm amounts of HF from LiPF6-containing carbonate-based electrolytes. The basic idea is the application of a suitable potential to a high surface-area metallic electrode upon which only HF reacts (electrocatalytically) while all other electrolyte components are unaffected under the respective conditions. AU - Ge, Xiaokun AU - Huck, Marten AU - Kuhlmann, Andreas AU - Tiemann, Michael AU - Weinberger, Christian AU - Xu, Xiaodan AU - Zhao, Zhenyu AU - Steinrueck, Hans-Georg ID - 52372 JF - Journal of The Electrochemical Society KW - Materials Chemistry KW - Electrochemistry KW - Surfaces KW - Coatings and Films KW - Condensed Matter Physics KW - Renewable Energy KW - Sustainability and the Environment KW - Electronic KW - Optical and Magnetic Materials SN - 0013-4651 TI - Electrochemical Removal of HF from Carbonate-based LiPF6-containing Li-ion Battery Electrolytes VL - 171 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bathelt, Lukas AU - Djakow, Eugen AU - Henke, Christian AU - Trächtler, Ansgar ID - 52871 JF - Procedia Computer Science KW - General Engineering SN - 1877-0509 TI - Innovative measurement system for saber curvature observation in straightening processes VL - 232 ER - TY - GEN AU - Baumann, Martin AU - Bengler, Klaus AU - Berndt-Tolzmann, Sandro AU - Brettin, Leon Johann AU - Diermeyer, Frank AU - Fastenmeier, Wolfgang AU - Fleischer, Torsten AU - Flemisch, Frank AU - Frey, Alexander AU - Gräcmann, Nicole AU - Hardes, Tobias AU - Herzberger, Nicolas AU - Hesse, Tobias AU - Huetten, Manuela AU - Klingler, Florian AU - Jipp, Meike AU - Kolarova, Viktoriya AU - Kühn, Matthias AU - Maag, Christian AU - Marx, Torsten AU - Maurer, Markus AU - Merkel, Nora AU - Oehl, Michael AU - Oubaid, Viktor AU - Plum, Lena AU - Riegelhuth, Gerd AU - Salem, Nayel Fabian AU - Schrank, Andreas AU - Shi, Elisabeth AU - Sommer, Christoph AU - Wasser, Joscha AU - Wietfeld, Christian ID - 52872 TI - Abschlussbericht der Arbeitsgruppe "Forschungsbedarf Teleoperation" ER - TY - JOUR AU - Arends, Christian AU - Wolf, Lasse Lennart AU - Meinecke, Jasmin AU - Barkhofen, Sonja AU - Weich, Tobias AU - Bartley, Tim ID - 52876 IS - 1 JF - Physical Review Research KW - General Physics and Astronomy SN - 2643-1564 TI - Decomposing large unitaries into multimode devices of arbitrary size VL - 6 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Boeddeker, Christoph AU - Subramanian, Aswin Shanmugam AU - Wichern, Gordon AU - Haeb-Umbach, Reinhold AU - Le Roux, Jonathan ID - 52958 JF - IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing KW - Electrical and Electronic Engineering KW - Acoustics and Ultrasonics KW - Computer Science (miscellaneous) KW - Computational Mathematics SN - 2329-9290 TI - TS-SEP: Joint Diarization and Separation Conditioned on Estimated Speaker Embeddings VL - 32 ER - TY - GEN AU - Eremin, Oxana ID - 53060 IS - 1 T2 - GENDER. Zeitschrift für Geschlecht, Kultur und Gesellschaft TI - Rezension zu: Corinna Schmechel (2022). Auspowern und Empowern? Eine Ethnohraphie queerer Fitnesskultur. Bielefeld. VL - 16 ER - TY - GEN ED - Eremin, Oxana ED - Langer, Antje ED - Mattei, Annalisa ED - Mahs, Claudia ID - 53065 IS - 1 T2 - GENDER. Zeitschrift für Geschlecht, Kultur und Gesellschaft TI - Reproduktionspolitiken und Selbstbestimmung VL - 16 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Für eine gelingende Umsetzung schulischer Inklusion gilt eine professionelle Weiterbildung der Lehrkräfte und des weiteren Schulpersonals als unverzichtbare Voraussetzung, um eine effektive Teamarbeit sowie die Einbindung von Eltern[i] in Erziehungs- und Bildungsprozesse zu gewährleisten. Im Projekt BiFoKi[ii] (Bielefelder Fortbildungskonzept zur Kooperation in inklusiven Schulen) wurde eine Fortbildungsmaßnahme für inklusive Schulen entwickelt, die sowohl die intrainstitutionelle Kooperation innerhalb der Schule als auch die interinstitutionelle Zusammenarbeit mit den Eltern der Schüler*innen mit und ohne sonderpädagogischen Unterstützungsbedarf adressiert. Die Fortbildung zielt u.a. darauf ab, durch eine im Jahrgangsteam gemeinsam geplante und verantwortete Elternarbeit eine einladende Atmosphäre zu schaffen, Kommunikationswege an diverser werdende Bedarfe der Eltern und der Schüler*innen anzupassen und Eltern stärker in schulische Bildungsprozesse einzubeziehen. Zur Evaluation der Fortbildung wurde eine quasi-experimentelle Studie mit einem Prä-Post-Kontrollgruppendesign realisiert. Längsschnittliche Daten liegen für 55 Lehr- und Fachkräfte vor. Die Ergebnisse der varianzanalytischen Auswertung zeigen, dass sich die Einschätzungen zur Kooperationsbereitschaft der Eltern sowie das selbstberichtete Kooperationsverhalten im Bereich der Erziehungs- und Bildungskooperation in der Interventionsgruppe nach der Teilnahme an der Fortbildung signifikant positiver entwickelt hat als in der Kontrollgruppe.   [i] Mit dem Begriff Eltern sind hier alle erziehungs- bzw. sorgeberechtigten Personen gemeint. [ii] Hinweis zur Finanzierung: Das diesem Beitrag zugrunde liegende Vorhaben BiFoKi (Bielefelder Fortbildungskonzept zur Kooperation in inklusiven Schulen) wurde mit Mitteln des Bundesministeriums für Bildung und Forschung unter dem Förderkennzeichen 01NV1732in der Förderlinie „Qualifizierung der pädagogischen Fachkräfte für inklusive Bildung“ gefördert (Projektleitung: Birgit Lütje-Klose, Elke Wild, Julia Gorges und Phillip Neumann). Abstract To implement inclusive education successfully, it is crucial that teachers and other school staff are trained to cooperate effectively as a team and to involve parents in educational processes. In the project BiFoKi (Bielefeld Training on Cooperation in inclusive), we developed an in-service training for inclusive schools that addresses the intra-institutional cooperation within schools and the inter-institutional cooperation with the parents of students with and without special educational needs. The training aims to prepare grade-level teams to create a welcoming atmosphere, adapt communication ways to the diverse needs of parents and students and to involve parents more strongly in school educational processes. To evaluate the effectiveness of the training, a quasi-experimental study with a pre-post control group design was implemented. Longitudinal data is available for 55 teachers and other professionals. The results indicate that the intervention group demonstrated a more positive development in terms of satisfaction with parents' willingness to cooperate as well as self-reported cooperative behavior in the area of educational cooperation, compared to the control group. AU - Grüter, Sandra AU - Gorges, Julia AU - Lütje-Klose, Birgit AU - Neumann, Phillip AU - Wild, Elke ID - 53068 IS - 3 JF - QfI - Qualifizierung für Inklusion. Online-Zeitschrift zur Forschung über Aus-, Fort- und Weiterbildung pädagogischer Fachkräfte KW - General Medicine SN - 2699-2477 TI - Jahrgangsteams zur Kooperation mit Eltern anregen – eine Aufgabe für Fortbildungen? Evaluationsergebnisse zum Bielefelder Fortbildungskonzept zur Kooperation in inklusiven Schulen (BiFoKi) VL - 5 ER - TY - JOUR AB - While shallow decision trees may be interpretable, larger ensemble models like gradient-boosted trees, which often set the state of the art in machine learning problems involving tabular data, still remain black box models. As a remedy, the Shapley value (SV) is a well-known concept in explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) research for quantifying additive feature attributions of predictions. The model-specific TreeSHAP methodology solves the exponential complexity for retrieving exact SVs from tree-based models. Expanding beyond individual feature attribution, Shapley interactions reveal the impact of intricate feature interactions of any order. In this work, we present TreeSHAP-IQ, an efficient method to compute any-order additive Shapley interactions for predictions of tree-based models. TreeSHAP-IQ is supported by a mathematical framework that exploits polynomial arithmetic to compute the interaction scores in a single recursive traversal of the tree, akin to Linear TreeSHAP. We apply TreeSHAP-IQ on state-of-the-art tree ensembles and explore interactions on well-established benchmark datasets. AU - Muschalik, Maximilian AU - Fumagalli, Fabian AU - Hammer, Barbara AU - Huellermeier, Eyke ID - 53073 IS - 13 JF - Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence KW - Explainable Artificial Intelligence SN - 2374-3468 TI - Beyond TreeSHAP: Efficient Computation of Any-Order Shapley Interactions for Tree Ensembles VL - 38 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Negated statements require more processing efforts than assertions. However, in certain contexts, repeating negations undergo adaptation, which over time mitigates the effort. Here, we ask negations hamper visual processing and whether consecutive repetitions mitigate its influence. We assessed the overall attentional capacity and its distribution, the relative weight, quantitatively using the formal Theory of Visual Attention (TVA). Here, we employed a very simple form for negations, binary negations. Negated instructions, expressing the only alternative to the core supposition, were cognitively demanding, resulting in a loss of attentional capacity in three experiments. The overall attentional capacity recovered gradually but stagnated at a lower level than with assertions, even after many repetitions. Additionally, negations distributed the attention equally between target and reference stimulus. Repetitions slightly increased the reference' share of attention. Assertions, on the other hand, shifted the attentional weight towards the target. Few repetitions slightly decreased the bias towards the target, many repetitions increased the bias. AU - Banh, Ngoc Chi AU - Tünnermann, Jan AU - Rohlfing, Katharina J. AU - Scharlau, Ingrid ID - 53072 JF - Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics TI - Benefiting from Binary Negations? Verbal Negations Decrease Visual Attention and Balance Its Distribution ER - TY - GEN AU - Banh, Ngoc Chi AU - Scharlau, Ingrid ID - 53069 TI - Effects of task difficulty on visual processing speed ER - TY - CONF AU - Razavi, Kamran AU - Ghafouri, Saeid AU - Mühlhäuser, Max AU - Jamshidi, Pooyan AU - Wang, Lin ID - 53095 T2 - Proceedings of the 4th Workshop on Machine Learning and Systems (EuroMLSys), colocated with EuroSys 2024 TI - Sponge: Inference Serving with Dynamic SLOs Using In-Place Vertical Scaling ER - TY - JOUR AB - In this work, we consider optimal control problems for mechanical systems with fixed initial and free final state and a quadratic Lagrange term. Specifically, the dynamics is described by a second order ODE containing an affine control term. Classically, Pontryagin's maximum principle gives necessary optimality conditions for the optimal control problem. For smooth problems, alternatively, a variational approach based on an augmented objective can be followed. Here, we propose a new Lagrangian approach leading to equivalent necessary optimality conditions in the form of Euler-Lagrange equations. Thus, the differential geometric structure (similar to classical Lagrangian dynamics) can be exploited in the framework of optimal control problems. In particular, the formulation enables the symplectic discretisation of the optimal control problem via variational integrators in a straightforward way. AU - Leyendecker, Sigrid AU - Maslovskaya, Sofya AU - Ober-Blöbaum, Sina AU - Almagro, Rodrigo T. Sato Martín de AU - Szemenyei, Flóra Orsolya ID - 53101 JF - Journal of Computational Dynamics KW - Optimal control problem KW - Lagrangian system KW - Hamiltonian system KW - Variations KW - Pontryagin's maximum principle. SN - 2158-2491 TI - A new Lagrangian approach to control affine systems with a quadratic Lagrange term ER - TY - CONF AB - In the context of language learning, feedback comment generation is the task of generating hints or explanatory notes for learner texts that help understand why a part of text is erroneous. This paper presents our approach to the Feedback Comment Generation Shared Task, collocated with the 16th International Natural Language Generation Conference (INLG 2023). The approach augments the generation of feedback comments by a self-supervised identification of feedback types in a multitask-learning setting. Within the shared task, other approaches performed more effective, yet the combined modeling of feedback type classification and feedback comment generation is superior to performing feedback generation only. AU - Stahl, Maja AU - Wachsmuth, Henning ID - 34083 T2 - Proceedings of the 16th International Natural Language Generation Conference TI - Identifying Feedback Types to Augment Feedback Comment Generation ER - TY - BOOK AB - Tax evasion, tax avoidance and tax resistance are widespread phenomena in political, economic, social and fiscal history from antiquity through medieval, early modern and modern times. Histories of Tax Evasion, Avoidance and Resistance shows how different groups and individuals around the globe have succeeded or failed in not paying their due taxes, whether in kind or in cash, on their properties or on their crops. It analyses how, throughout history, wealthy and poor taxpayers have tried to avoid or reduce their tax burden by negotiating with tax authorities, through practices of legal or illegal tax evasion, by filing lawsuits, seeking armed resistance or by migration, and how state authorities have dealt with such acts of claim making, defiance, open resistance or elusion. It fills an important research gap in tax history, addressing questions of tax morale and fairness, and how social and political inequality was negotiated through taxation. It gives rich insights into the development of citizen-state relationships throughout the course of history. The book comprises case studies from Ancient Athens, Roman Egypt, Medieval Europe, Early Modern Mexico, the Ottoman Empire, Nigeria under British colonial rule, the United Kingdom of the early 20th century, Greece during the Second World War, as well as West Germany, Switzerland, Sweden and the United States in the 20th century, including transnational entanglements in the world of late-modern offshore finance and taxation. The authors are experts in fiscal, economic, financial, legal, social and/or cultural history. The book is intended for students, researchers and scholars of economic and financial history, social and world history and political economy. The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 license. AU - Schönhärl, Korinna AU - Hürlimann, Gisela AU - Rohde, Dorothea ID - 34544 KW - Tax History KW - Financial History SN - 9781003333197 TI - Histories of Tax Evasion, Avoidance and Resistance ER - TY - CHAP AB - Jean Bodin's list on how the absolutist monarchical state could raise its revenue ranked taxation only in seventh place. From a modern legal perspective, taxes are compulsory transfers of resources that households and enterprises pay to one or several government bodies without receiving an individual, specific benefit in return. Historians have dealt with not paying taxes in various contexts, such as analysing tax resistance and tax resistance movements in history. Tax law is best understood as an outcome of long-term, often conflictual, negotiations and as an expression of specific political mentalities and ideologies. As a consequence, tax law and sometimes even the tax juridical system have a strongly politicised character. Loopholes in tax legislation that enable or facilitate avoidance or evasion can thus be regarded as a result of the interest-driven politics of parliamentary majorities, as the success of concerted lobby pressure. AU - Schönhärl, Korinna AU - Hürlimann, Gisela AU - Rohde, Dorothea ED - Schönhärl, Korinna ED - Hürlimann, Gisela ED - Rohde, Dorothea ID - 34546 T2 - Histories of Tax Evasion, Avoidance and Resistance TI - The Ability and Intention of Not Paying Taxes in History. Some Introductory Observations ER - TY - CHAP AB - As a case study, this chapter examines two tax education films that were produced 11 years apart in the USA and Western Germany during and after World War II: “The New Spirit” and “Putzke wants to know”. In contrast to America's most popular cartoon character 11 years earlier, Erwin Putzke is in a terrible mood at the beginning of the short film “Putzke wants to know”. The family father and electrician with a workshop of his own is annoyed and upset by the duty of filling in his tax return, grumbling at his wife and daughter and even at their budgie. The film's tax morale message is conveyed to its audience against the backdrop of a sober post-war reality characterised by allied occupation and the Allies' say in West German tax policies during a period of laborious economic build-up after a lost war. AU - Schönhärl, Korinna ED - Schönhärl, Korinna ED - Hürlimann, Gisela ED - Rohde, Dorothea ID - 34547 T2 - Histories of Tax Evasion, Avoidance and Resistance TI - How to Create a Taxpaying Spirit. A Transnational Examination of an US American and a Western German Tax Education Film in and after World War II ER - TY - CONF AU - Franke, Mario AU - Klingler, Florian AU - Sommer, Christoph ID - 34880 T2 - IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference (CCNC 2023), Track Communication and Applications for Connected and Autonomous Vehicles on Land, Water, and Sky TI - Addressing the Unbounded Latency of Best-Effort Device-to-Device Communication with Low Earth Orbit Satellite Support ER - TY - CONF AU - Hegde, Anupama AU - Delooz, Quentin AU - Mariyaklla, Chethan Lokesh AU - Festag, Andreas AU - Klingler, Florian ID - 34879 T2 - IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC 2023), Track Emerging Technologies, Standards, and Applications TI - Radio Resource Allocation for Collective Perception in 5G-NR Vehicle-to-X Communication Systems ER -