TY - JOUR AB - AbstractUsing data from the German Socio-Economic Panel for 1984–2018, we analyze the intergenerational education mobility of immigrants in Germany by identifying the determinants of differences in educational stocks for first- and second-generation immigrants in comparison to individuals without a migration background. Our results show that on average, first-generation immigrants have fewer years of schooling than native-born Germans and have a disproportionate share of lower educational qualifications. This gap is strongly driven by age at immigration, with immigration age and education revealing a nonlinear relationship. While the gap is relatively small among individuals who migrate at a young age, integrating in the school system at secondary school age leads to large disadvantages. Examining the educational mobility of immigrants in Germany, we identify an inter-generational catch-up in education. The gap in education between immigrants and natives is reduced for the second generation. Finally, we find that country of origin differences can account for much of the education gap. While immigrants with an ethnic background closer to the German language and culture show the best education outcomes, immigrants from Turkey, Italy, and other southern European countries and especially the group of war refugees from Syria, Afghanistan, Iraq and other MENA countries, have the lowest educational attainment. AU - Gries, Thomas AU - Redlin, Margarete AU - Zehra, Moonum ID - 22715 JF - Journal of International Migration and Integration SN - 1488-3473 TI - Educational Assimilation of First-Generation and Second-Generation Immigrants in Germany ER - TY - JOUR AB - AbstractUsing time series data for the period 1959–2015, our empirical analysis examines the simultaneous effects of the individual components of the global carbon budget on temperature. Specifically, we explore the possible effects of carbon emissions caused by fossil fuel combustion, cement production, land-use change emissions, and carbon sinks (here in terms of land sink and ocean sink) on climate change. The simultaneous inclusion of carbon emissions and carbon sinks allows us to look at the coexistent and opposing effects of the individual components of the carbon budget and thus provides a holistic perspective from which to explore the relationship between the global carbon budget and global warming. The results reveal a significant positive effect of carbon emissions on temperature for both fossil fuels emissions and emissions from land-use change, confirming previous results concerning carbon dioxide and temperature. Further, while ocean sink does not seem to have a significant effect, we identify a temperature-decreasing effect for land sink. AU - Redlin, Margarete AU - Gries, Thomas ID - 23594 JF - Theoretical and Applied Climatology SN - 0177-798X TI - Anthropogenic climate change: the impact of the global carbon budget ER - TY - CONF AU - Hanselle, Jonas Manuel AU - Tornede, Alexander AU - Wever, Marcel Dominik AU - Hüllermeier, Eyke ID - 21198 TI - Algorithm Selection as Superset Learning: Constructing Algorithm Selectors from Imprecise Performance Data ER - TY - JOUR AB - With the rapid progress of technological development, self-efficacy in reference to digital devices (i.e., information and computer technology [ICT] self-efficacy) is an important driver that helps students to deal with technological problems and support their lifelong learning processes. Schools, peers, and home learning environments are important sources for the development of positive self-efficacy. Expanding on previous research, we investigated the associations between different aspects of the digital home learning environment and students’ ICT self-efficacy. The moderation effects of gender were also tested. A total of 651 children answered a questionnaire about different digital home learning environment dimensions and estimated their ICT self-efficacy using an adapted scale—Schwarzer and Jerusalem’s (1999) general self-efficacy scale. Using the structural equation modeling technique, a digital home learning environment containing six different qualities of parental support was investigated. Families’ cultural capital, parents’ attitudes toward the Internet, and shared Internet activities at home contributed positively to ICT self-efficacy. We observed small gender differences, with the moderation effect being nonsignificant. The results help researchers and practitioners to understand how different dimensions of the digital home learning environment support ICT self-efficacy. We will discuss how parents can enhance the home learning environment and how teachers can integrate this knowledge into formal education. AU - Bonanati, Sabrina AU - Buhl, Heike M. ID - 32558 IS - 2 JF - Learning Environments Research KW - Digital media use KW - Gender KW - Home learning environment KW - ICT self-efcacy KW - Motivation KW - Parental involvement SN - 1387-1579 TI - The digital home learning environment and its relation to children’s ICT self-efficacy VL - 25 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Several methods are available to answer questions regarding similarity and accuracy, each of which has specific properties and limitations. This study focuses on the Latent Congruence Model (LCM; Cheung, 2009), because of its capacity to deal with cross-informant measurement invariance issues. Until now, no cross-national applications of LCM are present in the literature, perhaps because of the difficulty to deal with both cross-national and cross-informant measurement issues implied by those models. This study presents a step-by-step procedure to apply LCM to dyadic cross-national research designs controlling for both cross-national and cross-informant measurement invariance. An illustrative example on parent–child support exchanges in Italy and Germany is provided. Findings help to show the different possible scenarios of partial invariance, and a discussion related to how to deal with those scenarios is provided. Future perspectives in the study of parent–child similarity and accuracy in cross-national research will be discussed. AU - Tagliabue, Semira AU - Zambelli, Michela AU - Sorgente, Angela AU - Sommer, Sabrina AU - Hoellger, Christian AU - Buhl, Heike M. AU - Lanz, Margherita ID - 32560 JF - Frontiers in Psychology KW - latent congruence model KW - measurement invariance KW - similarity KW - accuracy KW - cross-national KW - cross-informant KW - parent-child relationship KW - support exchanges SN - 1664-1078 TI - Latent Congruence Model to Investigate Similarity and Accuracy in Family Members' Perception: The Challenge of Cross-National and Cross-Informant Measurement (Non)Invariance VL - 12 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This investigation concentrates on the association of intergenerational value similarity and adult children’s and parents’subjective well-being, on the linkage between relationship quality and subjective well-being. Mediation effects of the relationship quality on the associations between value similarity and subjective well-being were focused. The sample consisted of 600 adult German children (53.8% women) and their parents. Dyadic correlations were constructed to determine the value similarity. In this study, the general value orientation and the family values were objects of research. We measured the subjective well-being with the Satisfaction with Life Scale and we used the Network of Relationships Inventory (NRI) to measure the relationship quality. Associations between subjective well-being and value similarity, and between subjective well-being and relationship quality, as well as mediation effects, were found. All effects depend on gender and perspective. AU - Hoellger, Christian AU - Sommer, Sabrina AU - Buhl, Heike M. ID - 32561 JF - Journal of Family Issues KW - adult child–parent dyads KW - relationship quality KW - life satisfaction KW - parent–child relationship KW - intergenerational stake hypothesis KW - mediation analyses SN - 0192-513X TI - Intergenerational Value Similarity and Subjective Well-Being ER - TY - JOUR AB - Die Querschnittsuntersuchung beschäftigt sich mit der Fragestellung, ob in Zusammenhang mit der familiären Lebenssituation Erwachsener (Elternstatus und Beziehungsstatus) Unterschiede hinsichtlich der Werteähnlichkeit zwischen ihnen und ihren Eltern bestehen. Dabei wurde die Ähnlichkeit der individuellen Grundwerte nach Schwartz (1992) fokussiert. Die Werteähnlichkeit wurde mittels dyadischer Korrelationen bestimmt (Kenny & Winquist, 2001). Die Stichprobe bestand aus N= 1047 Dyaden. Dafür nahmen 600 erwachsene Kinder (53.8 % weiblich) mit ihren Eltern (542 Mütter und 505 Väter) teil. Das Alter der teilnehmenden Kinder lag zwischen 25 und 49 Jahren (M= 33.9, SD = 6.1). Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie zeigten, dass sich die Werteähnlichkeiten in Abhängigkeit von der familiären Lebenssituation unterschieden: Die Elternschaft der erwachsenen Kinder ging mit einer größeren Werteähnlichkeit in der Mutter-Kind-Dyade einher. Ebenso konnte eine größere Werteähnlichkeit zwischen verheirateten Söhnen und deren beiden Elternteilen beobachtet werden, verglichen mit den Söhnen, die Single oder in einer Partnerschaft waren. Die Werteähnlichkeit der Töchter zu ihren Eltern unterschied sich nicht in Abhängigkeit des Beziehungsstatus. AU - Hoellger, Christian AU - Sommer, Sabrina AU - Buhl, Heike M. ID - 32566 IS - 4 JF - Zeitschrift für Soziologie der Erziehung und Sozialisation TI - Zusammenhang zwischen der familiären Lebenssituation und Werteähnlichkeiten in der Eltern-Kind-Beziehung im Erwachsenenalter VL - 41 ER - TY - CONF AU - Peeters, Hendrik AU - Habig, Sebastian AU - Fechner, Sabine ED - Habig, Sebastian ID - 23758 KW - digitale Medien T2 - Naturwissenschaftlicher Unterricht und Lehrerbildung im Umbruch? TI - Augmented Reality als Experimentierhilfe bei Beobachtung und Deutung VL - 41 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Genetic correlations suggest a coexisting genetic predisposition to both low leptin levels and risk for anorexia nervosa (AN). To investigate the causality and direction of these associations, we performed bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses using data of the most recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) for AN and both a GWAS and an exome-wide-association-study (EWAS) for leptin levels. Most MR methods with genetic instruments from GWAS showed a causal effect of lower leptin levels on higher risk of AN (e.g. IVW b = −0.923, p = 1.5 × 10−4). Because most patients with AN are female, we additionally performed analyses using leptin GWAS data of females only. Again, there was a significant effect of leptin levels on the risk of AN (e.g. IVW b = −0.826, p = 1.1 × 10−04). MR with genetic instruments from EWAS showed no overall effect of leptin levels on the risk for AN. For the opposite direction, MR revealed no causal effect of AN on leptin levels. If our results are confirmed in extended GWAS data sets, a low endogenous leptin synthesis represents a risk factor for developing AN. AU - Peters, Triinu AU - Antel, Jochen AU - Naaresh, Roaa AU - Laabs, Björn-Hergen AU - Föcker, Manuel AU - Albers, Nicola AU - Bühlmeier, Judith AU - Hinney, Anke AU - Libuda, Lars AU - Hebebrand, Johannes ID - 32323 JF - Frontiers in Genetics KW - Genetics (clinical) KW - Genetics KW - Molecular Medicine SN - 1664-8021 TI - Suggestive Evidence for Causal Effect of Leptin Levels on Risk for Anorexia Nervosa: Results of a Mendelian Randomization Study VL - 12 ER - TY - CONF AU - Hansmeier, Tim AU - Platzner, Marco ID - 21813 SN - 978-1-4503-8351-6 T2 - GECCO '21: Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion TI - An Experimental Comparison of Explore/Exploit Strategies for the Learning Classifier System XCS ER - TY - CONF AB - Waveguide-based methods can be used for the non-destructive determination of acoustic material parameters. One of these methods is based on transmission measurements of cylindrical polymeric specimens. Here, the experimental setup consists of two transducers, which excite and receive the waveguide modes at the faces of the cylinder. The measurement, as well as a forward model, are used to determine material parameters of the polymeric specimen in an inverse approach. 1-3 piezoelectric composites are used as an active element because they can be approximated by a thickness vibration only. This allows an easy identification of Mason model parameters to characterise the transducers’ vibration behaviour. However, sensitivity analysis shows a high uncertainty in the determination of the mechanical shear parameters due to the uniform excitation. To increase the sensitivity to these shear motions, arbitrary excitations were investigated by means of numerical simulation. In order to be able to realise the determined optimal excitation, new transducer prototypes were designed. By subdividing the electrodes of the active element, for example, ring-shaped excitation is feasible. Furthermore, it can be shown that modelling these transducers with a one-dimensional Mason model is sufficient. AU - Dreiling, Dmitrij AU - Itner, Dominik AU - Feldmann, Nadine AU - Scheidemann, Claus AU - Gravenkamp, Hauke AU - Henning, Bernd ID - 25265 T2 - Fortschritte der Akustik - DAGA 2021 TI - Application and modelling of ultrasonic transducers using 1-3 piezoelectric composites with structured electrodes ER - TY - CONF AU - Buckmann, Felix AU - Kenig, Eugeny ID - 24229 TI - Experimentelle Untersuchungen zum Kondensationsverhalten von Wasserdampf im Spalt zwischen Kissenplatten ER - TY - CONF AU - Buckmann, Felix AU - Kenig, Eugeny ID - 24230 TI - Condensation in pillow-plate heat exchangers: Experiments with pure substances ER - TY - THES AB - Die vollständige Beschreibung fluiddynamischer und akustischer Vorgänge setzt voraus, dass die Eigenschaften des Fluids hinlänglich bekannt sind.Während Fluidkenngrößen, wie etwa die Schallgeschwindigkeit oder die Scherviskosität, für viele Flüssigkeiten über weite Bereiche des thermodynamischen Zustandsraums bekannt sind, existieren für die Volumenviskosität nur eine geringe Anzahl Messdaten.In dieser Arbeit wird daher ein Messverfahren zur selektiven Bestimmung der Volumenviskosität von Flüssigkeiten, basierend auf der Absorption von Ultraschallwellen, entwickelt und realisiert.Schwerpunkte bilden dabei der simulationsgestützte Entwurf von Algorithmen zur Auswertung der Messsignale sowie die Analyse und Weiterentwicklung einer Messanordnung, basierend auf dem Puls-Echo-Verfahren. Neben der Absorption im Fluid treten dabei weitere Effekte (zum Beispiel Beugung oder unvollständige Reflexion) auf, die das akustische Signal schwächen oder anderweitig beeinflussen. Die Entwicklung von Verfahren zur Trennung dieser Effekte von der akustischen Absorption bildet daher einen weiteren Schwerpunkt dieser Arbeit.Abschließend wird die Volumenviskosität aus der gemessenen akustischen Absorption für unterschiedliche Fluide in verschiedenen thermodynamischen Zuständen unter Zuhilfenahme anderer bekannter Fluidkenngrößen bestimmt sowie eine Unsicherheitsbetrachtung durchgeführt. AU - Claes, Leander ID - 21502 TI - Messverfahren für die akustische Absorption in reinen Fluiden zur Bestimmung der Volumenviskosität ER - TY - GEN AU - Schulze, Veronika AU - Schmidt, Stephan AU - Jurgelucks, Benjamin AU - Feldmann, Nadine AU - Claes, Leander ID - 21233 TI - Optimal experiment design with respect to electrode configurations for a piezoelectric problem ER - TY - JOUR AB - The progress in numerical methods and simulation tools promotes the use of inverse problems in material characterisation problems. A newly developed procedure can be used to identify the behaviour of piezoceramic discs over a wide frequency range using a single specimen via fitting simulated and measured impedances by optimising the underlying material parameters. Since there is no generally accepted damping model for piezoelectric ceramics, several mechanical damping models are examined for the material identification. Three models have been chosen and their ability to replicate the measured impedances is evaluated. On the one hand, the common Rayleigh model is considered as a reference. On the other hand, a Zener model and a model using complex constants are extended to model the transversely isotropic material. As the Rayleigh model is only valid for a limited frequency range, it fails to model the broadband behaviour of the material. The model using complex constants leads to the best fit over a wide frequency range while at the same time only adding three additional parameters for modelling damping. Thus, damping can be assumed approximately frequency-independent in piezoceramics. AU - Feldmann, Nadine AU - Schulze, Veronika AU - Claes, Leander AU - Jurgelucks, Benjamin AU - Meihost, Lars AU - Walther, Andrea AU - Henning, Bernd ID - 21341 IS - 5 JF - tm - Technisches Messen SN - 2196-7113 TI - Modelling damping in piezoceramics: A comparative study VL - 88 ER - TY - CONF AU - Claes, Leander AU - Feldmann, Nadine AU - Jurgelucks, Benjamin AU - Schulze, Veronika AU - Schmidt, Stephan AU - Walther, Andrea AU - Henning, Bernd ID - 22012 TI - Optimised Multi-Electrode Topology for Piezoelectric Material Characterisation ER - TY - GEN AU - Schulze, Veronika AU - Schmidt, Stephan AU - Jurgelucks, Benjamin AU - Feldmann, Nadine AU - Claes, Leander ID - 23462 TI - Piezoelectric BC Modeling for Electrode Shapes with OED ER - TY - JOUR AB - The kinetic Brownian motion on the sphere bundle of a Riemannian manifold M is a stochastic process that models a random perturbation of the geodesic flow. If M is an orientable compact constantly curved surface, we show that in the limit of infinitely large perturbation the L2-spectrum of the infinitesimal generator of a time-rescaled version of the process converges to the Laplace spectrum of the base manifold. AU - Kolb, Martin AU - Weich, Tobias AU - Wolf, Lasse ID - 33278 IS - 4 JF - Annales Henri Poincaré TI - Spectral Asymptotics for Kinetic Brownian Motion on Surfaces of Constant Curvature VL - 23 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Herzig, Bardo AU - Engemann, Mario ED - Maurer, C. ED - Rincke, K. ED - Hemmer, M. ID - 33303 T2 - Fachliche Bildung und digitale Transformation - Fachdidaktische Forschung und Diskurse. Fachtagung der Gesellschaft für Fachdidaktik 2020 TI - Lehrerkooperation und Digitalisierung - Gestaltung digital-kooperativer Arbeitsbeziehungen von Lehrkräften und ReferendarInnen am Beispiel des Schulfachs Pädagogik ER -