---
res:
  bibo_abstract:
  - How is communicative gesture behavior in robots perceived by humans? Although
    gesture is crucial in social interaction, this research question is still largely
    unexplored in the field of social robotics. Thus, the main objective of the present
    work is to investigate how gestural machine behaviors can be used to design more
    natural communication in social robots. The chosen approach is twofold. Firstly,
    the technical challenges encountered when implementing a speech-gesture generation
    model on a robotic platform are tackled. We present a framework that enables the
    humanoid robot to flexibly produce synthetic speech and co-verbal hand and arm
    gestures at run-time, while not being limited to a predefined repertoire of motor
    actions. Secondly, the achieved flexibility in robot gesture is exploited in controlled
    experiments. To gain a deeper understanding of how communicative robot gesture
    might impact and shape human perception and evaluation of human-robot interaction,
    we conducted a between-subjects experimental study using the humanoid robot in
    a joint task scenario. We manipulated the non-verbal behaviors of the robot in
    three experimental conditions, so that it would refer to objects by utilizing
    either (1) unimodal (i.e., speech only) utterances, (2) congruent multimodal (i.e.,
    semantically matching speech and gesture) or (3) incongruent multimodal (i.e.,
    semantically non-matching speech and gesture) utterances. Our findings reveal
    that the robot is evaluated more positively when non-verbal behaviors such as
    hand and arm gestures are displayed along with speech, even if they do not semantically
    match the spoken utterance.@eng
  bibo_authorlist:
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Maha
      foaf_name: Salem, Maha
      foaf_surname: Salem
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Stefan
      foaf_name: Kopp, Stefan
      foaf_surname: Kopp
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Ipke
      foaf_name: Wachsmuth, Ipke
      foaf_surname: Wachsmuth
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Katharina
      foaf_name: Rohlfing, Katharina
      foaf_surname: Rohlfing
      foaf_workInfoHomepage: http://www.librecat.org/personId=50352
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Frank
      foaf_name: Joublin, Frank
      foaf_surname: Joublin
  bibo_doi: 10.1007/s12369-011-0124-9
  bibo_issue: '2'
  bibo_volume: 4
  dct_date: 2012^xs_gYear
  dct_isPartOf:
  - http://id.crossref.org/issn/1875-4805
  dct_language: eng
  dct_publisher: Springer Science + Business Media@
  dct_subject:
  - Social Human-Robot Interaction
  - Multimodal Interaction and Conversational Skills
  - Robot Companions and Social Robots
  - Non-verbal Cues and Expressiveness
  dct_title: Generation and evaluation of communicative robot gesture@
...