---
_id: '26149'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'Nanoparticle precipitation is an interesting process to generate particles
    with tailored properties. In this study we investigate the impact of various process
    steps such as solid formation, mixing and agglomeration on the resulting particle
    size distribution (PSD) as representative property using barium sulfate as exemplary
    material. Besides the experimental investigation, process simulations were carried
    out by solving the full 1D population balance equation coupled to a model describing
    the micromixing kinetics based on a finite-element Galerkin h-p-method. This combination
    of population balance and micromixing model was applied successfully to predict
    the influence of mixing on mean sizes (good quantitative agreement between experimental
    data and simulation results are obtained) and gain insights into nanoparticle
    precipitation: The interfacial energy was identified to be a critical parameter
    in predicting the particle size, poor mixing results in larger particles and the
    impact of agglomeration was found to increase with supersaturation due to larger
    particle numbers. Shear-induced agglomeration was found to be controllable through
    the residence time in turbulent regions and the intensity of turbulence, necessary
    for intense mixing but undesired due to agglomeration. By this approach, however,
    the distribution width is underestimated which is attributed to the large spectrum
    of mixing histories of fluid elements on their way through the mixer. Therefore,
    an improved computational fluid dynamics-based approach using direct numerical
    simulation with a Lagrangian particle tracking strategy is applied in combination
    with the coupled population balance–micromixing approach. We found that the full
    DNS-approach, coupled to the population balance and micromixing model is capable
    of predicting not only the mean sizes but the full PSD in nanoparticle precipitation.'
author:
- first_name: Hans-Christoph
  full_name: Schwarzer, Hans-Christoph
  last_name: Schwarzer
- first_name: Florian
  full_name: Schwertfirm, Florian
  last_name: Schwertfirm
- first_name: Michael
  full_name: Manhart, Michael
  last_name: Manhart
- first_name: Hans-Joachim
  full_name: Schmid, Hans-Joachim
  id: '464'
  last_name: Schmid
- first_name: Wolfgang
  full_name: Peukert, Wolfgang
  last_name: Peukert
citation:
  ama: Schwarzer H-C, Schwertfirm F, Manhart M, Schmid H-J, Peukert W. Predictive
    simulation of nanoparticle precipitation based on the population balance equation.
    <i>Chemical Engineering Science</i>. 2005;61(1):167-181. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2004.11.064">10.1016/j.ces.2004.11.064</a>
  apa: Schwarzer, H.-C., Schwertfirm, F., Manhart, M., Schmid, H.-J., &#38; Peukert,
    W. (2005). Predictive simulation of nanoparticle precipitation based on the population
    balance equation. <i>Chemical Engineering Science</i>, <i>61</i>(1), 167–181.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2004.11.064">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2004.11.064</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Schwarzer_Schwertfirm_Manhart_Schmid_Peukert_2005, title={Predictive
    simulation of nanoparticle precipitation based on the population balance equation},
    volume={61}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2004.11.064">10.1016/j.ces.2004.11.064</a>},
    number={1}, journal={Chemical Engineering Science}, author={Schwarzer, Hans-Christoph
    and Schwertfirm, Florian and Manhart, Michael and Schmid, Hans-Joachim and Peukert,
    Wolfgang}, year={2005}, pages={167–181} }'
  chicago: 'Schwarzer, Hans-Christoph, Florian Schwertfirm, Michael Manhart, Hans-Joachim
    Schmid, and Wolfgang Peukert. “Predictive Simulation of Nanoparticle Precipitation
    Based on the Population Balance Equation.” <i>Chemical Engineering Science</i>
    61, no. 1 (2005): 167–81. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2004.11.064">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2004.11.064</a>.'
  ieee: 'H.-C. Schwarzer, F. Schwertfirm, M. Manhart, H.-J. Schmid, and W. Peukert,
    “Predictive simulation of nanoparticle precipitation based on the population balance
    equation,” <i>Chemical Engineering Science</i>, vol. 61, no. 1, pp. 167–181, 2005,
    doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2004.11.064">10.1016/j.ces.2004.11.064</a>.'
  mla: Schwarzer, Hans-Christoph, et al. “Predictive Simulation of Nanoparticle Precipitation
    Based on the Population Balance Equation.” <i>Chemical Engineering Science</i>,
    vol. 61, no. 1, 2005, pp. 167–81, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2004.11.064">10.1016/j.ces.2004.11.064</a>.
  short: H.-C. Schwarzer, F. Schwertfirm, M. Manhart, H.-J. Schmid, W. Peukert, Chemical
    Engineering Science 61 (2005) 167–181.
date_created: 2021-10-13T15:57:59Z
date_updated: 2022-01-06T06:57:17Z
doi: 10.1016/j.ces.2004.11.064
intvolume: '        61'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
page: 167-181
publication: Chemical Engineering Science
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0009-2509
publication_status: published
status: public
title: Predictive simulation of nanoparticle precipitation based on the population
  balance equation
type: journal_article
user_id: '70093'
volume: 61
year: '2005'
...