---
res:
  bibo_abstract:
  - "<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec>\r\n                <jats:title>Background</jats:title>\r\n
    \               <jats:p>While observational studies revealed an inverse association
    between serum 25(OH)vitamin D (25(OH)D) and the risk of attention deficit/hyperactivity
    disorder (ADHD), the causality of this relationship remains unclear.</jats:p>\r\n
    \             </jats:sec><jats:sec>\r\n                <jats:title>Methods</jats:title>\r\n
    \               <jats:p>We conducted a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian Randomization
    (MR) study to examine whether 25(OH)D has an effect on the risk to develop ADHD
    or vice versa. Information on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) associated
    with serum 25(OH)D was obtained from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) considering
    phenotype data from 79,366 individuals of European ancestry. Data on risk for
    ADHD were derived from a GWAS analysis with 20,183 individuals diagnosed with
    ADHD and 35,191 controls. For our analysis, we considered effect sizes based on
    the European participants (19,099 cases and 34,194 controls).</jats:p>\r\n              </jats:sec><jats:sec>\r\n
    \               <jats:title>Results</jats:title>\r\n                <jats:p>Single
    SNP analyses showed a causal effect of vitamin D on ADHD risk for only one SNP
    (rs12785878, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.024). The overall MR estimates did
    not reveal a causal effect of 25(OH)D on risk for ADHD. In the reverse analysis,
    neither any single nor the multi-SNP MR analyses showed a causal effect of ADHD
    on 25(OH)D.</jats:p>\r\n              </jats:sec><jats:sec>\r\n                <jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title>\r\n
    \               <jats:p>Results from this two-sample MR study did not confirm
    a causal effect of 25(OH)D on ADHD or vice versa. Accordingly, our study does
    not provide evidence that improving 25(OH)D via supplementation could reduce the
    risk of developing ADHD.</jats:p>\r\n              </jats:sec>@eng"
  bibo_authorlist:
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Lars
      foaf_name: Libuda, Lars
      foaf_surname: Libuda
      foaf_workInfoHomepage: http://www.librecat.org/personId=88682
    orcid: 0000-0003-1603-3133
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Roaa
      foaf_name: Naaresh, Roaa
      foaf_surname: Naaresh
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Christine
      foaf_name: Ludwig, Christine
      foaf_surname: Ludwig
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Björn-Hergen
      foaf_name: Laabs, Björn-Hergen
      foaf_surname: Laabs
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Jochen
      foaf_name: Antel, Jochen
      foaf_surname: Antel
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Manuel
      foaf_name: Föcker, Manuel
      foaf_surname: Föcker
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Johannes
      foaf_name: Hebebrand, Johannes
      foaf_surname: Hebebrand
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Anke
      foaf_name: Hinney, Anke
      foaf_surname: Hinney
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Triinu
      foaf_name: Peters, Triinu
      foaf_surname: Peters
  bibo_doi: 10.1007/s00394-020-02439-2
  dct_date: 2020^xs_gYear
  dct_isPartOf:
  - http://id.crossref.org/issn/1436-6207
  - http://id.crossref.org/issn/1436-6215
  dct_language: eng
  dct_title: A mendelian randomization study on causal effects of 25(OH)vitamin D
    levels on attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder@
...