---
res:
  bibo_abstract:
  - "<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec>\r\n<jats:title>Purpose</jats:title>\r\n<jats:p>While
    observational studies revealed inverse associations between serum vitamin D levels
    [25(OH)D] and depression, randomized controlled trials (RCT) in children and adolescents
    are lacking. This RCT examined the effect of an untreated vitamin D deficiency
    compared to an immediate vitamin D<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> supplementation on depression
    scores in children and adolescents during standard day and in-patient psychiatric
    treatment.</jats:p>\r\n</jats:sec><jats:sec>\r\n<jats:title>Methods</jats:title>\r\n<jats:p>Patients
    with vitamin D deficiency [25(OH)D ≤ 30 nmol/l] and at least mild depression [Beck
    Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) &gt; 13] (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 113)
    were 1:1 randomized into verum (VG; 2640 IU vitamin D<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>/d)
    or placebo group (PG) in a double-blind manner. During the intervention period
    of 28 days, both groups additionally received treatment as usual. BDI-II scores
    were assessed as primary outcome, DISYPS-II (Diagnostic System for Mental Disorders
    in Childhood and Adolescence, Self- and Parent Rating) and serum total 25(OH)D
    were secondary outcomes.</jats:p>\r\n</jats:sec><jats:sec>\r\n<jats:title>Results</jats:title>\r\n<jats:p>At
    admission, 49.3% of the screened patients (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 280)
    had vitamin D deficiency. Although the intervention led to a higher increase of
    25(OH)D levels in the VG than in the PG (treatment difference: + 14 ng/ml; 95%
    CI 4.86–23.77; <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.003), the change in BDI-II scores
    did not differ (+ 1.3; 95% CI − 2.22 to 4.81; <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.466).
    In contrast, DISYPS parental ratings revealed pronounced improvements of depressive
    symptoms in the VG (− 0.68; 95% CI − 1.23 to − 0.13; <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.016).</jats:p>\r\n</jats:sec><jats:sec>\r\n<jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title>\r\n<jats:p>Whereas
    this study failed to show a vitamin D supplementation effect on self-rated depression
    in adolescent in- or daycare patients, parents reported less depressive symptoms
    in VG at the end of our study. Future trials should consider clinician-rated depressive
    symptoms as primary outcome.</jats:p>\r\n</jats:sec><jats:sec>\r\n<jats:title>Trial
    registration</jats:title>\r\n<jats:p>“German Clinical Trials Register” (<jats:ext-link
    xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https://www.drks.de\">https://www.drks.de</jats:ext-link>),
    registration number: DRKS00009758</jats:p>\r\n</jats:sec>@eng"
  bibo_authorlist:
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Lars
      foaf_name: Libuda, Lars
      foaf_surname: Libuda
      foaf_workInfoHomepage: http://www.librecat.org/personId=88682
    orcid: 0000-0003-1603-3133
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Nina
      foaf_name: Timmesfeld, Nina
      foaf_surname: Timmesfeld
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Jochen
      foaf_name: Antel, Jochen
      foaf_surname: Antel
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Raphael
      foaf_name: Hirtz, Raphael
      foaf_surname: Hirtz
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Jens
      foaf_name: Bauer, Jens
      foaf_surname: Bauer
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Dagmar
      foaf_name: Führer, Dagmar
      foaf_surname: Führer
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Denise
      foaf_name: Zwanziger, Denise
      foaf_surname: Zwanziger
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Dana
      foaf_name: Öztürk, Dana
      foaf_surname: Öztürk
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Gina
      foaf_name: Langenbach, Gina
      foaf_surname: Langenbach
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Denise
      foaf_name: Hahn, Denise
      foaf_surname: Hahn
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Stefanie
      foaf_name: Ring, Stefanie
      foaf_surname: Ring
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Triinu
      foaf_name: Peters, Triinu
      foaf_surname: Peters
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Anke
      foaf_name: Hinney, Anke
      foaf_surname: Hinney
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Judith
      foaf_name: Bühlmeier, Judith
      foaf_surname: Bühlmeier
      foaf_workInfoHomepage: http://www.librecat.org/personId=89838
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Johannes
      foaf_name: Hebebrand, Johannes
      foaf_surname: Hebebrand
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Corinna
      foaf_name: Grasemann, Corinna
      foaf_surname: Grasemann
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Manuel
      foaf_name: Föcker, Manuel
      foaf_surname: Föcker
  bibo_doi: 10.1007/s00394-020-02176-6
  dct_date: 2020^xs_gYear
  dct_isPartOf:
  - http://id.crossref.org/issn/1436-6207
  - http://id.crossref.org/issn/1436-6215
  dct_language: eng
  dct_title: 'Effect of vitamin D deficiency on depressive symptoms in child and adolescent
    psychiatric patients: results of a randomized controlled trial@'
...