{"status":"public","quality_controlled":"1","title":"Low Cycle Fatigue Performance of Additively Processed and Heat-Treated Ti-6Al-7Nb Alloy for Biomedical Applications","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2075-4701"]},"abstract":[{"text":"In biomedical engineering, laser powder bed fusion is an advanced manufacturing technology, which enables, for example, the production of patient-customized implants with complex geometries. Ti-6Al-7Nb shows promising improvements, especially regarding biocompatibility, compared with other titanium alloys. The biocompatible features are investigated employing cytocompatibility and antibacterial examinations on Al2O3-blasted and untreated surfaces. The mechanical properties of additively manufactured Ti-6Al-7Nb are evaluated in as-built and heat-treated conditions. Recrystallization annealing (925 °C for 4 h), β annealing (1050 °C for 2 h), as well as stress relieving (600 °C for 4 h) are applied. For microstructural investigation, scanning and transmission electron microscopy are performed. The different microstructures and the mechanical properties are compared. Mechanical behavior is determined based on quasi-static tensile tests and strain-controlled low cycle fatigue tests with total strain amplitudes εA of 0.35%, 0.5%, and 0.8%. The as-built and stress-relieved conditions meet the mechanical demands for the tensile properties of the international standard ISO 5832-11. Based on the Coffin–Manson–Basquin relation, fatigue strength and ductility coefficients, as well as exponents, are determined to examine fatigue life for the different conditions. The stress-relieved condition exhibits, overall, the best properties regarding monotonic tensile and cyclic fatigue behavior.</jats:p>","lang":"eng"}],"publication_status":"published","file_date_updated":"2022-01-10T08:27:11Z","publisher":"MDPI AG","oa":"1","issue":"1","year":"2022","type":"journal_article","ddc":["620"],"_id":"29196","intvolume":"        12","doi":"10.3390/met12010122","citation":{"bibtex":"@article{Hein_Kokalj_Lopes Dias_Stangier_Oltmanns_Pramanik_Kietzmann_Hoyer_Meißner_Tillmann_et al._2022, title={Low Cycle Fatigue Performance of Additively Processed and Heat-Treated Ti-6Al-7Nb Alloy for Biomedical Applications}, volume={12}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/met12010122\">10.3390/met12010122</a>}, number={1122}, journal={Metals}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Hein, Maxwell and Kokalj, David and Lopes Dias, Nelson Filipe and Stangier, Dominic and Oltmanns, Hilke and Pramanik, Sudipta and Kietzmann, Manfred and Hoyer, Kay-Peter and Meißner, Jessica and Tillmann, Wolfgang and et al.}, year={2022} }","ama":"Hein M, Kokalj D, Lopes Dias NF, et al. Low Cycle Fatigue Performance of Additively Processed and Heat-Treated Ti-6Al-7Nb Alloy for Biomedical Applications. <i>Metals</i>. 2022;12(1). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/met12010122\">10.3390/met12010122</a>","mla":"Hein, Maxwell, et al. “Low Cycle Fatigue Performance of Additively Processed and Heat-Treated Ti-6Al-7Nb Alloy for Biomedical Applications.” <i>Metals</i>, vol. 12, no. 1, 122, MDPI AG, 2022, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/met12010122\">10.3390/met12010122</a>.","chicago":"Hein, Maxwell, David Kokalj, Nelson Filipe Lopes Dias, Dominic Stangier, Hilke Oltmanns, Sudipta Pramanik, Manfred Kietzmann, et al. “Low Cycle Fatigue Performance of Additively Processed and Heat-Treated Ti-6Al-7Nb Alloy for Biomedical Applications.” <i>Metals</i> 12, no. 1 (2022). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/met12010122\">https://doi.org/10.3390/met12010122</a>.","apa":"Hein, M., Kokalj, D., Lopes Dias, N. F., Stangier, D., Oltmanns, H., Pramanik, S., Kietzmann, M., Hoyer, K.-P., Meißner, J., Tillmann, W., &#38; Schaper, M. (2022). Low Cycle Fatigue Performance of Additively Processed and Heat-Treated Ti-6Al-7Nb Alloy for Biomedical Applications. <i>Metals</i>, <i>12</i>(1), Article 122. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/met12010122\">https://doi.org/10.3390/met12010122</a>","short":"M. Hein, D. Kokalj, N.F. Lopes Dias, D. Stangier, H. Oltmanns, S. Pramanik, M. Kietzmann, K.-P. Hoyer, J. Meißner, W. Tillmann, M. Schaper, Metals 12 (2022).","ieee":"M. Hein <i>et al.</i>, “Low Cycle Fatigue Performance of Additively Processed and Heat-Treated Ti-6Al-7Nb Alloy for Biomedical Applications,” <i>Metals</i>, vol. 12, no. 1, Art. no. 122, 2022, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/met12010122\">10.3390/met12010122</a>."},"author":[{"last_name":"Hein","orcid":"0000-0002-3732-2236","full_name":"Hein, Maxwell","id":"52771","first_name":"Maxwell"},{"first_name":"David","full_name":"Kokalj, David","last_name":"Kokalj"},{"first_name":"Nelson Filipe","last_name":"Lopes Dias","full_name":"Lopes Dias, Nelson Filipe"},{"first_name":"Dominic","last_name":"Stangier","full_name":"Stangier, Dominic"},{"first_name":"Hilke","last_name":"Oltmanns","full_name":"Oltmanns, Hilke"},{"first_name":"Sudipta","full_name":"Pramanik, Sudipta","last_name":"Pramanik"},{"first_name":"Manfred","last_name":"Kietzmann","full_name":"Kietzmann, Manfred"},{"first_name":"Kay-Peter","full_name":"Hoyer, Kay-Peter","id":"48411","last_name":"Hoyer"},{"last_name":"Meißner","full_name":"Meißner, Jessica","first_name":"Jessica"},{"first_name":"Wolfgang","full_name":"Tillmann, Wolfgang","last_name":"Tillmann"},{"first_name":"Mirko","full_name":"Schaper, Mirko","id":"43720","last_name":"Schaper"}],"volume":12,"keyword":["General Materials Science","Metals and Alloys","laser powder bed fusion","Ti-6Al-7Nb","titanium alloy","biomedical engineering","low cycle fatigue","microstructure","nanostructure"],"publication":"Metals","department":[{"_id":"158"}],"article_type":"original","date_updated":"2023-04-27T16:42:19Z","has_accepted_license":"1","file":[{"date_updated":"2022-01-10T08:27:11Z","relation":"main_file","file_name":"Hein et al - 2022 - Low Cycle Fatigue Performance of Additively Processed and Heat-Treated Ti-6Al-7Nb Alloy for Biomedical Applications.pdf","content_type":"application/pdf","date_created":"2022-01-10T08:27:11Z","success":1,"creator":"maxhein","file_size":6222748,"file_id":"29197","access_level":"closed"}],"date_created":"2022-01-10T08:25:58Z","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"user_id":"43720","main_file_link":[{"url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/12/1/122","open_access":"1"}],"article_number":"122"}