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<titleInfo><title>Low Cycle Fatigue Performance of Additively Processed and Heat-Treated Ti-6Al-7Nb Alloy for Biomedical Applications</title></titleInfo>


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  <namePart type="given">Maxwell</namePart>
  <namePart type="family">Hein</namePart>
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  <namePart type="given">David</namePart>
  <namePart type="family">Kokalj</namePart>
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  <namePart type="given">Nelson Filipe</namePart>
  <namePart type="family">Lopes Dias</namePart>
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  <namePart type="given">Dominic</namePart>
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  <namePart type="given">Hilke</namePart>
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  <namePart type="given">Sudipta</namePart>
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  <namePart type="given">Manfred</namePart>
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  <namePart type="given">Kay-Peter</namePart>
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  <namePart type="given">Jessica</namePart>
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  <namePart type="given">Wolfgang</namePart>
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<abstract lang="eng">In biomedical engineering, laser powder bed fusion is an advanced manufacturing technology, which enables, for example, the production of patient-customized implants with complex geometries. Ti-6Al-7Nb shows promising improvements, especially regarding biocompatibility, compared with other titanium alloys. The biocompatible features are investigated employing cytocompatibility and antibacterial examinations on Al2O3-blasted and untreated surfaces. The mechanical properties of additively manufactured Ti-6Al-7Nb are evaluated in as-built and heat-treated conditions. Recrystallization annealing (925 °C for 4 h), β annealing (1050 °C for 2 h), as well as stress relieving (600 °C for 4 h) are applied. For microstructural investigation, scanning and transmission electron microscopy are performed. The different microstructures and the mechanical properties are compared. Mechanical behavior is determined based on quasi-static tensile tests and strain-controlled low cycle fatigue tests with total strain amplitudes εA of 0.35%, 0.5%, and 0.8%. The as-built and stress-relieved conditions meet the mechanical demands for the tensile properties of the international standard ISO 5832-11. Based on the Coffin–Manson–Basquin relation, fatigue strength and ductility coefficients, as well as exponents, are determined to examine fatigue life for the different conditions. The stress-relieved condition exhibits, overall, the best properties regarding monotonic tensile and cyclic fatigue behavior.&lt;/jats:p&gt;</abstract>

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<originInfo><publisher>MDPI AG</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2022</dateIssued>
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<language><languageTerm authority="iso639-2b" type="code">eng</languageTerm>
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<subject><topic>General Materials Science</topic><topic>Metals and Alloys</topic><topic>laser powder bed fusion</topic><topic>Ti-6Al-7Nb</topic><topic>titanium alloy</topic><topic>biomedical engineering</topic><topic>low cycle fatigue</topic><topic>microstructure</topic><topic>nanostructure</topic>
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<relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Metals</title></titleInfo>
  <identifier type="issn">2075-4701</identifier><identifier type="doi">10.3390/met12010122</identifier>
<part><detail type="volume"><number>12</number></detail><detail type="issue"><number>1</number></detail>
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<mla>Hein, Maxwell, et al. “Low Cycle Fatigue Performance of Additively Processed and Heat-Treated Ti-6Al-7Nb Alloy for Biomedical Applications.” &lt;i&gt;Metals&lt;/i&gt;, vol. 12, no. 1, 122, MDPI AG, 2022, doi:&lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.3390/met12010122&quot;&gt;10.3390/met12010122&lt;/a&gt;.</mla>
<ama>Hein M, Kokalj D, Lopes Dias NF, et al. Low Cycle Fatigue Performance of Additively Processed and Heat-Treated Ti-6Al-7Nb Alloy for Biomedical Applications. &lt;i&gt;Metals&lt;/i&gt;. 2022;12(1). doi:&lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.3390/met12010122&quot;&gt;10.3390/met12010122&lt;/a&gt;</ama>
<bibtex>@article{Hein_Kokalj_Lopes Dias_Stangier_Oltmanns_Pramanik_Kietzmann_Hoyer_Meißner_Tillmann_et al._2022, title={Low Cycle Fatigue Performance of Additively Processed and Heat-Treated Ti-6Al-7Nb Alloy for Biomedical Applications}, volume={12}, DOI={&lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.3390/met12010122&quot;&gt;10.3390/met12010122&lt;/a&gt;}, number={1122}, journal={Metals}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Hein, Maxwell and Kokalj, David and Lopes Dias, Nelson Filipe and Stangier, Dominic and Oltmanns, Hilke and Pramanik, Sudipta and Kietzmann, Manfred and Hoyer, Kay-Peter and Meißner, Jessica and Tillmann, Wolfgang and et al.}, year={2022} }</bibtex>
<apa>Hein, M., Kokalj, D., Lopes Dias, N. F., Stangier, D., Oltmanns, H., Pramanik, S., Kietzmann, M., Hoyer, K.-P., Meißner, J., Tillmann, W., &amp;#38; Schaper, M. (2022). Low Cycle Fatigue Performance of Additively Processed and Heat-Treated Ti-6Al-7Nb Alloy for Biomedical Applications. &lt;i&gt;Metals&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;12&lt;/i&gt;(1), Article 122. &lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.3390/met12010122&quot;&gt;https://doi.org/10.3390/met12010122&lt;/a&gt;</apa>
<ieee>M. Hein &lt;i&gt;et al.&lt;/i&gt;, “Low Cycle Fatigue Performance of Additively Processed and Heat-Treated Ti-6Al-7Nb Alloy for Biomedical Applications,” &lt;i&gt;Metals&lt;/i&gt;, vol. 12, no. 1, Art. no. 122, 2022, doi: &lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.3390/met12010122&quot;&gt;10.3390/met12010122&lt;/a&gt;.</ieee>
<chicago>Hein, Maxwell, David Kokalj, Nelson Filipe Lopes Dias, Dominic Stangier, Hilke Oltmanns, Sudipta Pramanik, Manfred Kietzmann, et al. “Low Cycle Fatigue Performance of Additively Processed and Heat-Treated Ti-6Al-7Nb Alloy for Biomedical Applications.” &lt;i&gt;Metals&lt;/i&gt; 12, no. 1 (2022). &lt;a href=&quot;https://doi.org/10.3390/met12010122&quot;&gt;https://doi.org/10.3390/met12010122&lt;/a&gt;.</chicago>
<short>M. Hein, D. Kokalj, N.F. Lopes Dias, D. Stangier, H. Oltmanns, S. Pramanik, M. Kietzmann, K.-P. Hoyer, J. Meißner, W. Tillmann, M. Schaper, Metals 12 (2022).</short>
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