---
res:
  bibo_abstract:
  - Due to stricter emission targets in the mobility sector and the resulting trend
    towards lightweight construction in order to reduce weight and consequently emissions,
    multi-material systems that allow a material to be placed in the right quantity
    and in the right place are becoming increasingly important. One major challenge
    that is holding back the rapid and widespread use of multi-material systems is
    the lack of adequate joining processes that are suitable for joining dissimilar
    materials. Joining processes without auxiliary elements have the advantage of
    a reduced assembly effort and no additional added weight. Conventional joining
    processes without auxiliary elements, such as welding, clinching, or the use of
    adhesives, reach their limits due to different mechanical properties and chemical
    incompatibilities. A process with potential in the field of joining dissimilar
    materials is joining without an auxiliary element using pin structures. However,
    current pin manufacturing processes are mostly time-consuming or can only be integrated
    barely into existing industrial manufacturing processes due to their specific
    properties. For this reason, the present work investigates the production of single-
    and multi-pin structures from high-strength dual-phase steel HCT590X + Z (DP600,
    t0 = 1.5 mm) by cold extrusion directly out of the sheet metal. These structures
    are subsequently joined with an aluminium sheet (EN AW-6014-T4, t0 = 1.5 mm) by
    direct pin pressing. For a quantitative evaluation of the joint quality, tensile
    shear tests are carried out and the influence of different pin heights, pin number,
    and pin arrangements, as well as different joining strategies on the joint strength
    is experimentally evaluated. It is proven that a single pin structure with a diameter
    of 1.5 mm and an average height of 1.86 mm achieves a maximum tensile shear force
    of 1025 N. The results reveal that the formation of a form-fit during direct pin
    pressing is essential for the joint strength. By increasing the number of pins,
    a linear increase in force could be demonstrated, which is independent of the
    arrangement of the pin structures.@eng
  bibo_authorlist:
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: D.
      foaf_name: Römisch, D.
      foaf_surname: Römisch
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: M.
      foaf_name: Kraus, M.
      foaf_surname: Kraus
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: M.
      foaf_name: Merklein, M.
      foaf_surname: Merklein
  bibo_doi: 10.3390/jmmp5010025
  bibo_volume: 5
  dct_date: 2021^xs_gYear
  dct_language: eng
  dct_title: Experimental study on joining by forming of hct590x + z and en-aw 6014
    sheets using cold extruded pin structures@
...