---
_id: '32327'
abstract:
- lang: eng
text: 'AbstractThere is preliminary evidence that
adrenal steroids other than cortisol may be valuable biomarkers for major depressive
disorder (MDD). So far, studies have been conducted in adults only, and conclusions
are limited, mainly due to small sample sizes. Therefore, the present study assessed
whether adrenal steroids serve as biomarkers for adolescent MDD. In 261 depressed
adolescents (170 females) treated at a single psychiatric hospital, serum adrenal
steroids (progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, 21-deoxycortisol, 11-deoxycortisol,
cortisol, cortisone, deoxycorticosterone, corticosterone) were determined by liquid
chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Findings were compared to that of an
age- and sex-matched reference cohort (N = 255) by
nonparametric analysis of variance. Nonparametric receiver operating characteristics
(ROC) analyses were conducted to evaluate the diagnostic performance of single
steroids and steroid ratios to classify depression status. Sensitivity analyses
considered important confounders of adrenal functioning, and ROC results were
verified by cross-validation. Compared to the reference cohort, levels of deoxycorticosterone
and 21-deoxycortisol were decreased (P < 0.001).
All other glucocorticoid- and mineralocorticoid-related steroids were increased
(P < 0.001). The corticosterone to deoxycorticosterone
ratio evidenced excellent classification characteristics, especially in females
(AUC: 0.957; sensitivity: 0.902; specificity: 0.891). The adrenal steroid metabolome
qualifies as a bio-readout reflecting adolescent MDD by a distinct steroid pattern
that indicates dysfunction of the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis. Moreover,
the corticosterone to deoxycorticosterone ratio may prospectively qualify to contribute
to precision medicine in psychiatry by identifying those patients who might benefit
from antiglucocorticoid treatment or those at risk for recurrence when adrenal
dysfunction has not resolved.'
article_number: '255'
author:
- first_name: Raphael
full_name: Hirtz, Raphael
last_name: Hirtz
- first_name: Lars
full_name: Libuda, Lars
id: '88682'
last_name: Libuda
orcid: 0000-0003-1603-3133
- first_name: Anke
full_name: Hinney, Anke
last_name: Hinney
- first_name: Manuel
full_name: Föcker, Manuel
last_name: Föcker
- first_name: Judith
full_name: Bühlmeier, Judith
id: '89838'
last_name: Bühlmeier
- first_name: Paul-Martin
full_name: Holterhus, Paul-Martin
last_name: Holterhus
- first_name: Alexandra
full_name: Kulle, Alexandra
last_name: Kulle
- first_name: Cordula
full_name: Kiewert, Cordula
last_name: Kiewert
- first_name: Berthold P.
full_name: Hauffa, Berthold P.
last_name: Hauffa
- first_name: Johannes
full_name: Hebebrand, Johannes
last_name: Hebebrand
- first_name: Corinna
full_name: Grasemann, Corinna
last_name: Grasemann
citation:
ama: 'Hirtz R, Libuda L, Hinney A, et al. The adrenal steroid profile in adolescent
depression: a valuable bio-readout? Translational Psychiatry. 2022;12(1).
doi:10.1038/s41398-022-01966-2'
apa: 'Hirtz, R., Libuda, L., Hinney, A., Föcker, M., Bühlmeier, J., Holterhus, P.-M.,
Kulle, A., Kiewert, C., Hauffa, B. P., Hebebrand, J., & Grasemann, C. (2022).
The adrenal steroid profile in adolescent depression: a valuable bio-readout?
Translational Psychiatry, 12(1), Article 255. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-022-01966-2'
bibtex: '@article{Hirtz_Libuda_Hinney_Föcker_Bühlmeier_Holterhus_Kulle_Kiewert_Hauffa_Hebebrand_et
al._2022, title={The adrenal steroid profile in adolescent depression: a valuable
bio-readout?}, volume={12}, DOI={10.1038/s41398-022-01966-2},
number={1255}, journal={Translational Psychiatry}, publisher={Springer Science
and Business Media LLC}, author={Hirtz, Raphael and Libuda, Lars and Hinney, Anke
and Föcker, Manuel and Bühlmeier, Judith and Holterhus, Paul-Martin and Kulle,
Alexandra and Kiewert, Cordula and Hauffa, Berthold P. and Hebebrand, Johannes
and et al.}, year={2022} }'
chicago: 'Hirtz, Raphael, Lars Libuda, Anke Hinney, Manuel Föcker, Judith Bühlmeier,
Paul-Martin Holterhus, Alexandra Kulle, et al. “The Adrenal Steroid Profile in
Adolescent Depression: A Valuable Bio-Readout?” Translational Psychiatry
12, no. 1 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-022-01966-2.'
ieee: 'R. Hirtz et al., “The adrenal steroid profile in adolescent depression:
a valuable bio-readout?,” Translational Psychiatry, vol. 12, no. 1, Art.
no. 255, 2022, doi: 10.1038/s41398-022-01966-2.'
mla: 'Hirtz, Raphael, et al. “The Adrenal Steroid Profile in Adolescent Depression:
A Valuable Bio-Readout?” Translational Psychiatry, vol. 12, no. 1, 255,
Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2022, doi:10.1038/s41398-022-01966-2.'
short: R. Hirtz, L. Libuda, A. Hinney, M. Föcker, J. Bühlmeier, P.-M. Holterhus,
A. Kulle, C. Kiewert, B.P. Hauffa, J. Hebebrand, C. Grasemann, Translational Psychiatry
12 (2022).
date_created: 2022-07-06T15:14:39Z
date_updated: 2023-01-06T11:48:51Z
department:
- _id: '35'
doi: 10.1038/s41398-022-01966-2
intvolume: ' 12'
issue: '1'
keyword:
- Biological Psychiatry
- Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
- Psychiatry and Mental health
language:
- iso: eng
publication: Translational Psychiatry
publication_identifier:
issn:
- 2158-3188
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
status: public
title: 'The adrenal steroid profile in adolescent depression: a valuable bio-readout?'
type: journal_article
user_id: '88682'
volume: 12
year: '2022'
...