---
_id: '33734'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'Many applications require explainable node classification in knowledge graphs.
    Towards this end, a popular ``white-box'''' approach is class expression learning:
    Given sets of positive and negative nodes, class expressions in description logics
    are learned that separate positive from negative nodes. Most existing approaches
    are search-based approaches generating many candidate class expressions and selecting
    the best one. However, they often take a long time to find suitable class expressions.
    In this paper, we cast class expression learning as a translation problem and
    propose a new family of class expression learning approaches which we dub neural
    class expression synthesizers. Training examples are ``translated'''' into class
    expressions in a fashion akin to machine translation. Consequently, our synthesizers
    are not subject to the runtime limitations of search-based approaches. We study
    three instances of this novel family of approaches based on LSTMs, GRUs, and set
    transformers, respectively. An evaluation of our approach on four benchmark datasets
    suggests that it can effectively synthesize high-quality class expressions with
    respect to the input examples in approximately one second on average. Moreover,
    a comparison to state-of-the-art approaches suggests that we achieve better F-measures
    on large datasets. For reproducibility purposes, we provide our implementation
    as well as pretrained models in our public GitHub repository at https://github.com/dice-group/NeuralClassExpressionSynthesis'
author:
- first_name: N'Dah Jean
  full_name: KOUAGOU, N'Dah Jean
  id: '87189'
  last_name: KOUAGOU
- first_name: Stefan
  full_name: Heindorf, Stefan
  id: '11871'
  last_name: Heindorf
  orcid: 0000-0002-4525-6865
- first_name: Caglar
  full_name: Demir, Caglar
  id: '43817'
  last_name: Demir
- first_name: Axel-Cyrille
  full_name: Ngonga Ngomo, Axel-Cyrille
  id: '65716'
  last_name: Ngonga Ngomo
citation:
  ama: 'KOUAGOU NJ, Heindorf S, Demir C, Ngonga Ngomo A-C. Neural Class Expression
    Synthesis. In: Pesquita C, Jimenez-Ruiz E, McCusker J, et al., eds. <i>The Semantic
    Web - 20th Extended Semantic Web Conference (ESWC 2023)</i>. Vol 13870. Springer
    International Publishing; 2023:209-226. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33455-9_13">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33455-9_13</a>'
  apa: KOUAGOU, N. J., Heindorf, S., Demir, C., &#38; Ngonga Ngomo, A.-C. (2023).
    Neural Class Expression Synthesis. In C. Pesquita, E. Jimenez-Ruiz, J. McCusker,
    D. Faria, M. Dragoni, A. Dimou, R. Troncy, &#38; S. Hertling (Eds.), <i>The Semantic
    Web - 20th Extended Semantic Web Conference (ESWC 2023)</i> (Vol. 13870, pp. 209–226).
    Springer International Publishing. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33455-9_13">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33455-9_13</a>
  bibtex: '@inproceedings{KOUAGOU_Heindorf_Demir_Ngonga Ngomo_2023, title={Neural
    Class Expression Synthesis}, volume={13870}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33455-9_13">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33455-9_13</a>},
    booktitle={The Semantic Web - 20th Extended Semantic Web Conference (ESWC 2023)},
    publisher={Springer International Publishing}, author={KOUAGOU, N’Dah Jean and
    Heindorf, Stefan and Demir, Caglar and Ngonga Ngomo, Axel-Cyrille}, editor={Pesquita,
    Catia and Jimenez-Ruiz, Ernesto and McCusker, Jamie and Faria, Daniel and Dragoni,
    Mauro and Dimou, Anastasia and Troncy, Raphael and Hertling, Sven}, year={2023},
    pages={209–226} }'
  chicago: KOUAGOU, N’Dah Jean, Stefan Heindorf, Caglar Demir, and Axel-Cyrille Ngonga
    Ngomo. “Neural Class Expression Synthesis.” In <i>The Semantic Web - 20th Extended
    Semantic Web Conference (ESWC 2023)</i>, edited by Catia Pesquita, Ernesto Jimenez-Ruiz,
    Jamie McCusker, Daniel Faria, Mauro Dragoni, Anastasia Dimou, Raphael Troncy,
    and Sven Hertling, 13870:209–26. Springer International Publishing, 2023. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33455-9_13">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33455-9_13</a>.
  ieee: 'N. J. KOUAGOU, S. Heindorf, C. Demir, and A.-C. Ngonga Ngomo, “Neural Class
    Expression Synthesis,” in <i>The Semantic Web - 20th Extended Semantic Web Conference
    (ESWC 2023)</i>, Hersonissos, Crete, Greece, 2023, vol. 13870, pp. 209–226, doi:
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33455-9_13">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33455-9_13</a>.'
  mla: KOUAGOU, N’Dah Jean, et al. “Neural Class Expression Synthesis.” <i>The Semantic
    Web - 20th Extended Semantic Web Conference (ESWC 2023)</i>, edited by Catia Pesquita
    et al., vol. 13870, Springer International Publishing, 2023, pp. 209–26, doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33455-9_13">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33455-9_13</a>.
  short: 'N.J. KOUAGOU, S. Heindorf, C. Demir, A.-C. Ngonga Ngomo, in: C. Pesquita,
    E. Jimenez-Ruiz, J. McCusker, D. Faria, M. Dragoni, A. Dimou, R. Troncy, S. Hertling
    (Eds.), The Semantic Web - 20th Extended Semantic Web Conference (ESWC 2023),
    Springer International Publishing, 2023, pp. 209–226.'
conference:
  end_date: 2023-06-01
  location: Hersonissos, Crete, Greece
  name: 20th Extended Semantic Web Conference
  start_date: 2023-05-28
date_created: 2022-10-15T19:20:11Z
date_updated: 2023-07-02T18:10:02Z
department:
- _id: '574'
- _id: '760'
doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33455-9_13
editor:
- first_name: Catia
  full_name: Pesquita, Catia
  last_name: Pesquita
- first_name: Ernesto
  full_name: Jimenez-Ruiz, Ernesto
  last_name: Jimenez-Ruiz
- first_name: Jamie
  full_name: McCusker, Jamie
  last_name: McCusker
- first_name: Daniel
  full_name: Faria, Daniel
  last_name: Faria
- first_name: Mauro
  full_name: Dragoni, Mauro
  last_name: Dragoni
- first_name: Anastasia
  full_name: Dimou, Anastasia
  last_name: Dimou
- first_name: Raphael
  full_name: Troncy, Raphael
  last_name: Troncy
- first_name: Sven
  full_name: Hertling, Sven
  last_name: Hertling
external_id:
  unknown:
  - https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-33455-9_13
intvolume: '     13870'
keyword:
- Neural network
- Concept learning
- Description logics
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://2023.eswc-conferences.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/paper_Kouagou_2023_Neural.pdf
oa: '1'
page: 209 - 226
project:
- _id: '410'
  name: 'KnowGraphs: KnowGraphs: Knowledge Graphs at Scale'
- _id: '407'
  grant_number: '101070305'
  name: 'ENEXA: Efficient Explainable Learning on Knowledge Graphs'
- _id: '285'
  grant_number: NW21-059D
  name: 'SAIL: SAIL: SustAInable Life-cycle of Intelligent Socio-Technical Systems'
publication: The Semantic Web - 20th Extended Semantic Web Conference (ESWC 2023)
publication_identifier:
  unknown:
  - 978-3-031-33455-9
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer International Publishing
status: public
title: Neural Class Expression Synthesis
type: conference
user_id: '11871'
volume: 13870
year: '2023'
...