{"publisher":"MDPI AG","type":"journal_article","keyword":["Inorganic Chemistry","Condensed Matter Physics","General Materials Science","General Chemical Engineering"],"citation":{"apa":"Reitzig, S., Rüsing, M., Zhao, J., Kirbus, B., Mookherjea, S., &#38; Eng, L. M. (2021). “Seeing Is Believing”—In-Depth Analysis by Co-Imaging of Periodically-Poled X-Cut Lithium Niobate Thin Films. <i>Crystals</i>, <i>11</i>(3), Article 288. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst11030288\">https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst11030288</a>","chicago":"Reitzig, Sven, Michael Rüsing, Jie Zhao, Benjamin Kirbus, Shayan Mookherjea, and Lukas M. Eng. “‘Seeing Is Believing’—In-Depth Analysis by Co-Imaging of Periodically-Poled X-Cut Lithium Niobate Thin Films.” <i>Crystals</i> 11, no. 3 (2021). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst11030288\">https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst11030288</a>.","mla":"Reitzig, Sven, et al. “‘Seeing Is Believing’—In-Depth Analysis by Co-Imaging of Periodically-Poled X-Cut Lithium Niobate Thin Films.” <i>Crystals</i>, vol. 11, no. 3, 288, MDPI AG, 2021, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst11030288\">10.3390/cryst11030288</a>.","ama":"Reitzig S, Rüsing M, Zhao J, Kirbus B, Mookherjea S, Eng LM. “Seeing Is Believing”—In-Depth Analysis by Co-Imaging of Periodically-Poled X-Cut Lithium Niobate Thin Films. <i>Crystals</i>. 2021;11(3). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst11030288\">10.3390/cryst11030288</a>","ieee":"S. Reitzig, M. Rüsing, J. Zhao, B. Kirbus, S. Mookherjea, and L. M. Eng, “‘Seeing Is Believing’—In-Depth Analysis by Co-Imaging of Periodically-Poled X-Cut Lithium Niobate Thin Films,” <i>Crystals</i>, vol. 11, no. 3, Art. no. 288, 2021, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst11030288\">10.3390/cryst11030288</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Reitzig_Rüsing_Zhao_Kirbus_Mookherjea_Eng_2021, title={“Seeing Is Believing”—In-Depth Analysis by Co-Imaging of Periodically-Poled X-Cut Lithium Niobate Thin Films}, volume={11}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst11030288\">10.3390/cryst11030288</a>}, number={3288}, journal={Crystals}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Reitzig, Sven and Rüsing, Michael and Zhao, Jie and Kirbus, Benjamin and Mookherjea, Shayan and Eng, Lukas M.}, year={2021} }","short":"S. Reitzig, M. Rüsing, J. Zhao, B. Kirbus, S. Mookherjea, L.M. Eng, Crystals 11 (2021)."},"article_number":"288","year":"2021","user_id":"22501","article_type":"original","_id":"47963","status":"public","publication":"Crystals","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"quality_controlled":"1","volume":11,"author":[{"full_name":"Reitzig, Sven","last_name":"Reitzig","first_name":"Sven"},{"last_name":"Rüsing","full_name":"Rüsing, Michael","id":"22501","first_name":"Michael","orcid":"0000-0003-4682-4577"},{"first_name":"Jie","last_name":"Zhao","full_name":"Zhao, Jie"},{"last_name":"Kirbus","full_name":"Kirbus, Benjamin","first_name":"Benjamin"},{"full_name":"Mookherjea, Shayan","last_name":"Mookherjea","first_name":"Shayan"},{"full_name":"Eng, Lukas M.","last_name":"Eng","first_name":"Lukas M."}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["2073-4352"]},"doi":"10.3390/cryst11030288","date_created":"2023-10-11T08:19:51Z","publication_status":"published","extern":"1","abstract":[{"text":"Nonlinear and quantum optical devices based on periodically-poled thin film lithium niobate (PP-TFLN) have gained considerable interest lately, due to their significantly improved performance as compared to their bulk counterparts. Nevertheless, performance parameters such as conversion efficiency, minimum pump power, and spectral bandwidth strongly depend on the quality of the domain structure in these PP-TFLN samples, e.g., their homogeneity and duty cycle, as well as on the overlap and penetration depth of domains with the waveguide mode. Hence, in order to propose improved fabrication protocols, a profound quality control of domain structures is needed that allows quantifying and thoroughly analyzing these parameters. In this paper, we propose to combine a set of nanometer-to-micrometer-scale imaging techniques, i.e., piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM), second-harmonic generation (SHG), and Raman spectroscopy (RS), to access the relevant and crucial sample properties through cross-correlating these methods. Based on our findings, we designate SHG to be the best-suited standard imaging technique for this purpose, in particular when investigating the domain poling process in x-cut TFLNs. While PFM is excellently recommended for near-surface high-resolution imaging, RS provides thorough insights into stress and/or defect distributions, as associated with these domain structures. In this context, our work here indicates unexpectedly large signs for internal fields occurring in x-cut PP-TFLNs that are substantially larger as compared to previous observations in bulk LN.","lang":"eng"}],"title":"“Seeing Is Believing”—In-Depth Analysis by Co-Imaging of Periodically-Poled X-Cut Lithium Niobate Thin Films","date_updated":"2023-10-11T08:20:25Z","intvolume":"        11","issue":"3"}