{"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"<jats:p>Language assessment using a picture naming task crucially relies on the interpretation of the given verbal response by the rater. To avoid misinterpretations, a language-specific and linguistically controlled set of unambiguous, clearly identifiable and common object–word pairs is mandatory. We, here, set out to provide an open-source set of black and white object drawings, particularly suited for language mapping and monitoring, e.g., during awake brain tumour surgery or transcranial magnetic stimulation, in German language. A refined set of 100 black and white drawings was tested in two consecutive runs of randomised picture order and was analysed in respect of correct, prompt, and reliable object recognition and naming in a series of 132 healthy subjects between 18 and 84 years (median 25 years, 64% females) and a clinical pilot cohort of 10 brain tumour patients (median age 47 years, 80% males). The influence of important word- and subject-related factors on task performance and reliability was investigated. Overall, across both healthy subjects and patients, excellent correct object naming rates (97 vs. 96%) as well as high reliability coefficients (Goodman–Kruskal's gamma = 0.95 vs. 0.86) were found. However, the analysis of variance revealed a significant, overall negative effect of low word frequency (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05) and high age (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.0001) on task performance whereas the effect of a low educational level was only evident for the subgroup of 72 or more years of age (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). Moreover, a small learning effect was observed across the two runs of the test (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001). In summary, this study provides an overall robust and reliable picture naming tool, optimised for the clinical use to map and monitor language functions in patients. However, individual familiarisation before the clinical use remains advisable, especially for subjects that are comparatively prone to spontaneous picture naming errors such as older subjects of low educational level and patients with clinically apparent word finding difficulties.</jats:p>"}],"date_created":"2024-05-06T11:31:33Z","status":"public","user_id":"94540","intvolume":"        12","department":[{"_id":"890"}],"title":"The Cologne Picture Naming Test for Language Mapping and Monitoring (CoNaT): An Open Set of 100 Black and White Object Drawings","publication":"Frontiers in Neurology","date_updated":"2024-07-05T10:17:34Z","volume":12,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","type":"journal_article","publication_status":"published","_id":"53947","doi":"10.3389/fneur.2021.633068","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"publication_identifier":{"issn":["1664-2295"]},"author":[{"first_name":"Carolin","full_name":"Weiss Lucas, Carolin","last_name":"Weiss Lucas"},{"first_name":"Julia","full_name":"Pieczewski, Julia","last_name":"Pieczewski"},{"first_name":"Sophia","last_name":"Kochs","full_name":"Kochs, Sophia"},{"full_name":"Nettekoven, Charlotte","last_name":"Nettekoven","first_name":"Charlotte"},{"last_name":"Grefkes","full_name":"Grefkes, Christian","first_name":"Christian"},{"last_name":"Goldbrunner","full_name":"Goldbrunner, Roland","first_name":"Roland"},{"first_name":"Kristina","full_name":"Jonas, Kristina","last_name":"Jonas","id":"94540","orcid":"0000-0002-1067-9139"}],"year":"2021","citation":{"ieee":"C. Weiss Lucas <i>et al.</i>, “The Cologne Picture Naming Test for Language Mapping and Monitoring (CoNaT): An Open Set of 100 Black and White Object Drawings,” <i>Frontiers in Neurology</i>, vol. 12, 2021, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2021.633068\">10.3389/fneur.2021.633068</a>.","mla":"Weiss Lucas, Carolin, et al. “The Cologne Picture Naming Test for Language Mapping and Monitoring (CoNaT): An Open Set of 100 Black and White Object Drawings.” <i>Frontiers in Neurology</i>, vol. 12, Frontiers Media SA, 2021, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2021.633068\">10.3389/fneur.2021.633068</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Weiss Lucas_Pieczewski_Kochs_Nettekoven_Grefkes_Goldbrunner_Jonas_2021, title={The Cologne Picture Naming Test for Language Mapping and Monitoring (CoNaT): An Open Set of 100 Black and White Object Drawings}, volume={12}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2021.633068\">10.3389/fneur.2021.633068</a>}, journal={Frontiers in Neurology}, publisher={Frontiers Media SA}, author={Weiss Lucas, Carolin and Pieczewski, Julia and Kochs, Sophia and Nettekoven, Charlotte and Grefkes, Christian and Goldbrunner, Roland and Jonas, Kristina}, year={2021} }","apa":"Weiss Lucas, C., Pieczewski, J., Kochs, S., Nettekoven, C., Grefkes, C., Goldbrunner, R., &#38; Jonas, K. (2021). The Cologne Picture Naming Test for Language Mapping and Monitoring (CoNaT): An Open Set of 100 Black and White Object Drawings. <i>Frontiers in Neurology</i>, <i>12</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2021.633068\">https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2021.633068</a>","short":"C. Weiss Lucas, J. Pieczewski, S. Kochs, C. Nettekoven, C. Grefkes, R. Goldbrunner, K. Jonas, Frontiers in Neurology 12 (2021).","ama":"Weiss Lucas C, Pieczewski J, Kochs S, et al. The Cologne Picture Naming Test for Language Mapping and Monitoring (CoNaT): An Open Set of 100 Black and White Object Drawings. <i>Frontiers in Neurology</i>. 2021;12. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2021.633068\">10.3389/fneur.2021.633068</a>","chicago":"Weiss Lucas, Carolin, Julia Pieczewski, Sophia Kochs, Charlotte Nettekoven, Christian Grefkes, Roland Goldbrunner, and Kristina Jonas. “The Cologne Picture Naming Test for Language Mapping and Monitoring (CoNaT): An Open Set of 100 Black and White Object Drawings.” <i>Frontiers in Neurology</i> 12 (2021). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2021.633068\">https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2021.633068</a>."}}