---
_id: '55667'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: <jats:p>This study investigates how 11- to 12-year-old students construct
    data-based decision trees using data cards for classification purposes. We examine
    the students' heuristics and reasoning during this process. The research is based
    on an eight-week teaching unit during which students labeled data, built decision
    trees, and assessed them using test data. They learned to manually construct decision
    trees to classify food items as recommendable or not. They utilized data cards
    with a heuristic that is a simplified form of a machine learning algorithm. We
    report on evidence that this topic is teachable to middle school students, along
    with insights for refining our teaching approach and broader implications for
    teaching machine learning at the school level.</jats:p>
article_number: '3'
author:
- first_name: Franz Yannik
  full_name: Fleischer, Franz Yannik
  id: '42660'
  last_name: Fleischer
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0318-0329
- first_name: Susanne
  full_name: Podworny, Susanne
  id: '30619'
  last_name: Podworny
  orcid: 0000-0002-6313-5987
- first_name: Rolf
  full_name: Biehler, Rolf
  id: '16274'
  last_name: Biehler
citation:
  ama: Fleischer FY, Podworny S, Biehler R. Teaching and Learning to Construct Data-Based
    Decision Trees Using Data Cards as the First Introduction to Machine Learning
    in Middle School. <i>Statistics Education Research Journal</i>. 2024;23(1). doi:<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.52041/serj.v23i1.450">10.52041/serj.v23i1.450</a>
  apa: Fleischer, F. Y., Podworny, S., &#38; Biehler, R. (2024). Teaching and Learning
    to Construct Data-Based Decision Trees Using Data Cards as the First Introduction
    to Machine Learning in Middle School. <i>Statistics Education Research Journal</i>,
    <i>23</i>(1), Article 3. <a href="https://doi.org/10.52041/serj.v23i1.450">https://doi.org/10.52041/serj.v23i1.450</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Fleischer_Podworny_Biehler_2024, title={Teaching and Learning
    to Construct Data-Based Decision Trees Using Data Cards as the First Introduction
    to Machine Learning in Middle School}, volume={23}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.52041/serj.v23i1.450">10.52041/serj.v23i1.450</a>},
    number={13}, journal={Statistics Education Research Journal}, publisher={International
    Association for Statistical Education}, author={Fleischer, Franz Yannik and Podworny,
    Susanne and Biehler, Rolf}, year={2024} }'
  chicago: Fleischer, Franz Yannik, Susanne Podworny, and Rolf Biehler. “Teaching
    and Learning to Construct Data-Based Decision Trees Using Data Cards as the First
    Introduction to Machine Learning in Middle School.” <i>Statistics Education Research
    Journal</i> 23, no. 1 (2024). <a href="https://doi.org/10.52041/serj.v23i1.450">https://doi.org/10.52041/serj.v23i1.450</a>.
  ieee: 'F. Y. Fleischer, S. Podworny, and R. Biehler, “Teaching and Learning to Construct
    Data-Based Decision Trees Using Data Cards as the First Introduction to Machine
    Learning in Middle School,” <i>Statistics Education Research Journal</i>, vol.
    23, no. 1, Art. no. 3, 2024, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.52041/serj.v23i1.450">10.52041/serj.v23i1.450</a>.'
  mla: Fleischer, Franz Yannik, et al. “Teaching and Learning to Construct Data-Based
    Decision Trees Using Data Cards as the First Introduction to Machine Learning
    in Middle School.” <i>Statistics Education Research Journal</i>, vol. 23, no.
    1, 3, International Association for Statistical Education, 2024, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.52041/serj.v23i1.450">10.52041/serj.v23i1.450</a>.
  short: F.Y. Fleischer, S. Podworny, R. Biehler, Statistics Education Research Journal
    23 (2024).
date_created: 2024-08-21T09:59:33Z
date_updated: 2024-08-21T10:02:38Z
department:
- _id: '363'
doi: 10.52041/serj.v23i1.450
intvolume: '        23'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://doi.org/10.52041/serj.v23i1.450
oa: '1'
publication: Statistics Education Research Journal
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1570-1824
publication_status: published
publisher: International Association for Statistical Education
status: public
title: Teaching and Learning to Construct Data-Based Decision Trees Using Data Cards
  as the First Introduction to Machine Learning in Middle School
type: journal_article
user_id: '37888'
volume: 23
year: '2024'
...