---
res:
  bibo_abstract:
  - Remote voting through the Internet provides convenience and access to the electorate.
    At the same time, the security concerns facing any distributed application are
    magnified when the task is so crucial to democratic society. In addition, some
    of the electoral process loses transparency when it is encapsulated in information
    technology. In this paper, we examine the public record of three recent elections
    that used Internet voting. Our specific goal is to identify any potential flaws
    that security experts would recognize, but may have not been identified in the
    rush to implement technology. To do this, we present a multiple exploratory case
    study, looking at elections conducted between 2006 and 2007 in Estonia, Netherlands,
    and Switzerland. These elections were selected as particularly interesting and
    accessible, and each presents its own technical and security challenges. The electoral
    environment, technical design and process for each election are described, including
    reconstruction of details which are implied but not specified within the source
    material. We found that all three elections warrant significant concern about
    voter security, verifiability, and transparency. Usability, our fourth area of
    focus, seems to have been well-addressed in these elections. While our analysis
    is based on public documents and previously published reports, and therefore lacking
    access to any confidential materials held by electoral officials, this comparative
    analysis provides interesting insight and consistent questions across all these
    cases. Effective review of Internet voting requires an aggressive stance towards
    identifying potential security and operational flaws, and we encourage the use
    of third party reviews with critical technology skills during design, programming,
    and voting to reduce the changes of failure or fraud that would undermine public
    confidence.@eng
  bibo_authorlist:
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Guido
      foaf_name: Schryen, Guido
      foaf_surname: Schryen
      foaf_workInfoHomepage: http://www.librecat.org/personId=72850
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Eliot
      foaf_name: Rich, Eliot
      foaf_surname: Rich
  bibo_issue: 4 Part
  bibo_volume: 4
  dct_date: 2009^xs_gYear
  dct_language: eng
  dct_publisher: IEEE@
  dct_subject:
  - e-voting
  - Internet voting
  - Internet election
  - security
  - verifiability
  - RIES
  - Estonia
  - Neuch{\^a}tel
  dct_title: 'Security in Large-Scale Internet Elections: A Retrospective Analysis
    of Elections in Estonia, The Netherlands, and Switzerland@'
...