article published yes Iris Gräßler author 475650000-0001-5765-971X Benedikt Grewe author 52359 152 department <jats:p>In the engineering of complex technical systems, Systems Engineering (SE) is a key approach that is becoming increasingly relevant in more and more industries due to the ever-increasing complexity of systems. Over the decades of practical application and research, various specializations and forms of the Systems Engineering approach have developed, but there has so far been a lack of an overarching context and positioning in meaningful stages for the introduction of Systems Engineering in companies. For this reason, this research will systematize common Systems Engineering approaches and bring them together in a stage model for Systems Engineering. Based on a systematic literature review, use cases are identified for each approach and stage, which support companies in selecting an approach suitable for their own organization.</jats:p> MDPI AG2025 eng Systems Engineering TransformationmaturitySystems Engineering stagesapproachesSE 2079-895410.3390/systems13010053 131 Gräßler, Iris, and Benedikt Grewe. “Stages of Systems Engineering: An Analysis and Characterization of Systems Engineering Approaches.” <i>Systems</i>, vol. 13, no. 1, 53, MDPI AG, 2025, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13010053">10.3390/systems13010053</a>. I. Gräßler, B. Grewe, Systems 13 (2025). @article{Gräßler_Grewe_2025, title={Stages of Systems Engineering: An Analysis and Characterization of Systems Engineering Approaches}, volume={13}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13010053">10.3390/systems13010053</a>}, number={153}, journal={Systems}, publisher={MDPI AG}, author={Gräßler, Iris and Grewe, Benedikt}, year={2025} } Gräßler, I., &#38; Grewe, B. (2025). Stages of Systems Engineering: An Analysis and Characterization of Systems Engineering Approaches. <i>Systems</i>, <i>13</i>(1), Article 53. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13010053">https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13010053</a> Gräßler I, Grewe B. Stages of Systems Engineering: An Analysis and Characterization of Systems Engineering Approaches. <i>Systems</i>. 2025;13(1). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13010053">10.3390/systems13010053</a> Gräßler, Iris, and Benedikt Grewe. “Stages of Systems Engineering: An Analysis and Characterization of Systems Engineering Approaches.” <i>Systems</i> 13, no. 1 (2025). <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13010053">https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13010053</a>. I. Gräßler and B. Grewe, “Stages of Systems Engineering: An Analysis and Characterization of Systems Engineering Approaches,” <i>Systems</i>, vol. 13, no. 1, Art. no. 53, 2025, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13010053">10.3390/systems13010053</a>. 582362025-01-17T09:17:15Z2025-11-11T06:11:22Z