---
_id: '59622'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\r\n          <jats:p>This study explores
    how high school students construct decision trees using data cards and the software
    CODAP (codap.concord.org) in interviews after attending a teaching unit. We conceptualized
    data-based decision tree construction using nine key aspects that we intended
    to teach, tested variations of two design elements in teaching, and analyzed the
    interviews qualitatively to compare student behavior to intended outcomes. We
    found high alignment to intentions but also deviations in data activities and
    informal or context-based rather than data-based reasoning. The design element
    of context-free (blinded) data seems to enhance data-based reasoning, while the
    design element of data card use showed diagnostic potential.</jats:p>"
author:
- first_name: Yannik
  full_name: Fleischer, Yannik
  id: '42660'
  last_name: Fleischer
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0318-0329
- first_name: Rolf
  full_name: Biehler, Rolf
  id: '16274'
  last_name: Biehler
citation:
  ama: Fleischer Y, Biehler R. Exploring students’ constructions of data-based decision
    trees after an introductory teaching unit on machine learning. <i>ZDM – Mathematics
    Education</i>. 2025;57(1). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-025-01663-6">10.1007/s11858-025-01663-6</a>
  apa: Fleischer, Y., &#38; Biehler, R. (2025). Exploring students’ constructions
    of data-based decision trees after an introductory teaching unit on machine learning.
    <i>ZDM – Mathematics Education</i>, <i>57</i>(1). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-025-01663-6">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-025-01663-6</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Fleischer_Biehler_2025, title={Exploring students’ constructions
    of data-based decision trees after an introductory teaching unit on machine learning},
    volume={57}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-025-01663-6">10.1007/s11858-025-01663-6</a>},
    number={1}, journal={ZDM – Mathematics Education}, publisher={Springer Science
    and Business Media LLC}, author={Fleischer, Yannik and Biehler, Rolf}, year={2025}
    }'
  chicago: Fleischer, Yannik, and Rolf Biehler. “Exploring Students’ Constructions
    of Data-Based Decision Trees after an Introductory Teaching Unit on Machine Learning.”
    <i>ZDM – Mathematics Education</i> 57, no. 1 (2025). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-025-01663-6">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-025-01663-6</a>.
  ieee: 'Y. Fleischer and R. Biehler, “Exploring students’ constructions of data-based
    decision trees after an introductory teaching unit on machine learning,” <i>ZDM
    – Mathematics Education</i>, vol. 57, no. 1, 2025, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-025-01663-6">10.1007/s11858-025-01663-6</a>.'
  mla: Fleischer, Yannik, and Rolf Biehler. “Exploring Students’ Constructions of
    Data-Based Decision Trees after an Introductory Teaching Unit on Machine Learning.”
    <i>ZDM – Mathematics Education</i>, vol. 57, no. 1, Springer Science and Business
    Media LLC, 2025, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-025-01663-6">10.1007/s11858-025-01663-6</a>.
  short: Y. Fleischer, R. Biehler, ZDM – Mathematics Education 57 (2025).
date_created: 2025-04-22T07:59:07Z
date_updated: 2025-04-22T08:00:59Z
department:
- _id: '363'
doi: 10.1007/s11858-025-01663-6
intvolume: '        57'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- url: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11858-025-01663-6
publication: ZDM – Mathematics Education
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1863-9690
  - 1863-9704
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
status: public
title: Exploring students’ constructions of data-based decision trees after an introductory
  teaching unit on machine learning
type: journal_article
user_id: '37888'
volume: 57
year: '2025'
...