---
_id: '61933'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: <jats:p>Laterally coupled vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs)
    can exhibit additional resonances at high modulation frequencies that can substantially
    increase the laser’s modulation bandwidth. State-of-the-art laterally coupled
    devices require non-standard manufacturing technology and precise tuning of the
    currents supplied to each cavity separately to form optical supermodes suitable
    for such resonances. Here, we report on a novel switching phenomenon in laterally
    coupled VCSEL structures having only a single common electric contact and manufactured
    in a standard oxide-confined VCSEL geometry. At lower currents, they can be operated
    in a weakly coupled (WCR) regime and, at higher currents, in an injection-locked
    (IL) regime, enabling fundamentally different spectral and dynamic features. In
    the WCR, both optical supermodes lase and a narrow tunable plasma-assisted peak
    at their beating frequency is observed for each of the apertures, with a current-dependent
    frequency tuning and anti-phase intensity oscillations in each of the cavities.
    In contrast, in the IL regimes, only one (anti-symmetric) supermode lases. This
    adds a broader resonance to the modulation response while the intensity oscillations
    in both cavities are in-phase. Only the IL regime can result in increased modulation
    bandwidth of the system. Measurements of the pulse responses and continuous modulation
    up to 70 GHz for both operational regimes are presented and compared with simulations
    of our distributed rate equation model whose parameters are extracted from full-wave
    electromagnetic simulations of the device, including the temperature distribution
    in the device. Excellent agreement is found and enables comprehensive understanding
    of the dynamics of supermodes in oxide-confined coupled cavity VCSELs.</jats:p>
article_number: '053102'
author:
- first_name: M.
  full_name: Lindemann, M.
  last_name: Lindemann
- first_name: M.
  full_name: D’Alessandro, M.
  last_name: D’Alessandro
- first_name: N.
  full_name: Ledentsov, N.
  last_name: Ledentsov
- first_name: O. Y.
  full_name: Makarov, O. Y.
  last_name: Makarov
- first_name: N. N.
  full_name: Ledentsov, N. N.
  last_name: Ledentsov
- first_name: A.
  full_name: Tibaldi, A.
  last_name: Tibaldi
- first_name: N. C.
  full_name: Gerhardt, N. C.
  last_name: Gerhardt
- first_name: M. R.
  full_name: Hofmann, M. R.
  last_name: Hofmann
citation:
  ama: Lindemann M, D’Alessandro M, Ledentsov N, et al. Laterally coupled vertical-cavity
    surface-emitting lasers with                    tunable resonance width and frequency.
    <i>Journal of Applied Physics</i>. 2025;138(5). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0275622">10.1063/5.0275622</a>
  apa: Lindemann, M., D’Alessandro, M., Ledentsov, N., Makarov, O. Y., Ledentsov,
    N. N., Tibaldi, A., Gerhardt, N. C., &#38; Hofmann, M. R. (2025). Laterally coupled
    vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with                    tunable resonance
    width and frequency. <i>Journal of Applied Physics</i>, <i>138</i>(5), Article
    053102. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0275622">https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0275622</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Lindemann_D’Alessandro_Ledentsov_Makarov_Ledentsov_Tibaldi_Gerhardt_Hofmann_2025,
    title={Laterally coupled vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with         
              tunable resonance width and frequency}, volume={138}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0275622">10.1063/5.0275622</a>},
    number={5053102}, journal={Journal of Applied Physics}, publisher={AIP Publishing},
    author={Lindemann, M. and D’Alessandro, M. and Ledentsov, N. and Makarov, O. Y.
    and Ledentsov, N. N. and Tibaldi, A. and Gerhardt, N. C. and Hofmann, M. R.},
    year={2025} }'
  chicago: Lindemann, M., M. D’Alessandro, N. Ledentsov, O. Y. Makarov, N. N. Ledentsov,
    A. Tibaldi, N. C. Gerhardt, and M. R. Hofmann. “Laterally Coupled Vertical-Cavity
    Surface-Emitting Lasers with                    Tunable Resonance Width and Frequency.”
    <i>Journal of Applied Physics</i> 138, no. 5 (2025). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0275622">https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0275622</a>.
  ieee: 'M. Lindemann <i>et al.</i>, “Laterally coupled vertical-cavity surface-emitting
    lasers with                    tunable resonance width and frequency,” <i>Journal
    of Applied Physics</i>, vol. 138, no. 5, Art. no. 053102, 2025, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0275622">10.1063/5.0275622</a>.'
  mla: Lindemann, M., et al. “Laterally Coupled Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers
    with                    Tunable Resonance Width and Frequency.” <i>Journal of
    Applied Physics</i>, vol. 138, no. 5, 053102, AIP Publishing, 2025, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0275622">10.1063/5.0275622</a>.
  short: M. Lindemann, M. D’Alessandro, N. Ledentsov, O.Y. Makarov, N.N. Ledentsov,
    A. Tibaldi, N.C. Gerhardt, M.R. Hofmann, Journal of Applied Physics 138 (2025).
date_created: 2025-10-23T11:13:54Z
date_updated: 2025-10-23T11:15:53Z
doi: 10.1063/5.0275622
intvolume: '       138'
issue: '5'
language:
- iso: eng
publication: Journal of Applied Physics
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0021-8979
  - 1089-7550
publication_status: published
publisher: AIP Publishing
status: public
title: Laterally coupled vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with                    tunable
  resonance width and frequency
type: journal_article
user_id: '15911'
volume: 138
year: '2025'
...