---
_id: '62064'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: SYCL is an open standard for targeting heterogeneous hardware from C++. In
    this work, we evaluate a SYCL implementation for a discontinuous Galerkin discretization
    of the 2D shallow water equations targeting CPUs, GPUs, and also FPGAs. The discretization
    uses polynomial orders zero to two on unstructured triangular meshes. Separating
    memory accesses from the numerical code allow us to optimize data accesses for
    the target architecture. A performance analysis shows good portability across
    x86 and ARM CPUs, GPUs from different vendors, and even two variants of Intel
    Stratix 10 FPGAs. Measuring the energy to solution shows that GPUs yield an up
    to 10x higher energy efficiency in terms of degrees of freedom per joule compared
    to CPUs. With custom designed caches, FPGAs offer a meaningful complement to the
    other architectures with particularly good computational performance on smaller
    meshes. FPGAs with High Bandwidth Memory are less affected by bandwidth issues
    and have similar energy efficiency as latest generation CPUs.
article_number: '772'
author:
- first_name: Markus
  full_name: Büttner, Markus
  last_name: Büttner
- first_name: Christoph
  full_name: Alt, Christoph
  id: '100625'
  last_name: Alt
- first_name: Tobias
  full_name: Kenter, Tobias
  id: '3145'
  last_name: Kenter
- first_name: Harald
  full_name: Köstler, Harald
  last_name: Köstler
- first_name: Christian
  full_name: Plessl, Christian
  id: '16153'
  last_name: Plessl
  orcid: 0000-0001-5728-9982
- first_name: Vadym
  full_name: Aizinger, Vadym
  last_name: Aizinger
citation:
  ama: Büttner M, Alt C, Kenter T, Köstler H, Plessl C, Aizinger V. Analyzing performance
    portability for a SYCL implementation of the 2D shallow water equations. <i>The
    Journal of Supercomputing</i>. 2025;81(6). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-025-07063-7">10.1007/s11227-025-07063-7</a>
  apa: Büttner, M., Alt, C., Kenter, T., Köstler, H., Plessl, C., &#38; Aizinger,
    V. (2025). Analyzing performance portability for a SYCL implementation of the
    2D shallow water equations. <i>The Journal of Supercomputing</i>, <i>81</i>(6),
    Article 772. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-025-07063-7">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-025-07063-7</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Büttner_Alt_Kenter_Köstler_Plessl_Aizinger_2025, title={Analyzing
    performance portability for a SYCL implementation of the 2D shallow water equations},
    volume={81}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-025-07063-7">10.1007/s11227-025-07063-7</a>},
    number={6772}, journal={The Journal of Supercomputing}, publisher={Springer Science
    and Business Media LLC}, author={Büttner, Markus and Alt, Christoph and Kenter,
    Tobias and Köstler, Harald and Plessl, Christian and Aizinger, Vadym}, year={2025}
    }'
  chicago: Büttner, Markus, Christoph Alt, Tobias Kenter, Harald Köstler, Christian
    Plessl, and Vadym Aizinger. “Analyzing Performance Portability for a SYCL Implementation
    of the 2D Shallow Water Equations.” <i>The Journal of Supercomputing</i> 81, no.
    6 (2025). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-025-07063-7">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-025-07063-7</a>.
  ieee: 'M. Büttner, C. Alt, T. Kenter, H. Köstler, C. Plessl, and V. Aizinger, “Analyzing
    performance portability for a SYCL implementation of the 2D shallow water equations,”
    <i>The Journal of Supercomputing</i>, vol. 81, no. 6, Art. no. 772, 2025, doi:
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-025-07063-7">10.1007/s11227-025-07063-7</a>.'
  mla: Büttner, Markus, et al. “Analyzing Performance Portability for a SYCL Implementation
    of the 2D Shallow Water Equations.” <i>The Journal of Supercomputing</i>, vol.
    81, no. 6, 772, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2025, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-025-07063-7">10.1007/s11227-025-07063-7</a>.
  short: M. Büttner, C. Alt, T. Kenter, H. Köstler, C. Plessl, V. Aizinger, The Journal
    of Supercomputing 81 (2025).
date_created: 2025-11-04T09:37:50Z
date_updated: 2025-11-04T09:48:10Z
department:
- _id: '27'
- _id: '518'
doi: 10.1007/s11227-025-07063-7
intvolume: '        81'
issue: '6'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
oa: '1'
publication: The Journal of Supercomputing
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1573-0484
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Analyzing performance portability for a SYCL implementation of the 2D shallow
  water equations
type: journal_article
user_id: '3145'
volume: 81
year: '2025'
...