{"abstract":[{"lang":"eng","text":"We introduce the first mechanochemical cyclotrimerization of nitriles, a facile strategy for synthesizing triazine-containing molecules and materials, overcoming challenges related to carbonization and solubility. Conducting this solid-state approach in a mixer ball mill with 4-Methylbenzonitrile, we synthesize Tris(4-methylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine quantitatively in as little as 90 minutes. Just as fast, this mechanochemical method facilitates the synthesis of the covalent triazine framework CTF-1 using 1,4 Dicyanobenzene. Material characterization confirms its porous (650 m2 g-1) and crystalline nature. Adjusting the induced mechanical energy allows control over the obtained stacking conformation of the resulting CTFs - from a staggered AB arrangement to an eclipsed AA stacking conformation. Finally, a substrate scope demonstrates the versatility of this approach, successfully yielding various CTFs. This work presents, for the first time, the mechanochemical cyclotrimerization of nitriles. Utilizing Trifluoromethanesulfonic acid and a ball mill, both small molecules and large organic frameworks could be obtained. Screening the reaction of 1,4-Dicyanobenzene by various parameters, such as reaction time, frequency, or temperature, significant impacts on the porosity of the polymer and its crystallinity were revealed. image"}],"status":"public","type":"journal_article","publication":"Angewandte Chemie-International Edition","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"extern":"1","_id":"63989","user_id":"100715","year":"2024","citation":{"short":"S. Hutsch, A. Leonard, S. Grätz, M.V. Höfler, T. Gutmann, L. Borchardt, Angewandte Chemie-International Edition (2024).","bibtex":"@article{Hutsch_Leonard_Grätz_Höfler_Gutmann_Borchardt_2024, title={Mechanochemical Cyclotrimerization: A Versatile Tool to Covalent Organic Frameworks with Tunable Stacking Mode}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202403649\">10.1002/anie.202403649</a>}, journal={Angewandte Chemie-International Edition}, author={Hutsch, S. and Leonard, A. and Grätz, S. and Höfler, M. V. and Gutmann, Torsten and Borchardt, L.}, year={2024} }","mla":"Hutsch, S., et al. “Mechanochemical Cyclotrimerization: A Versatile Tool to Covalent Organic Frameworks with Tunable Stacking Mode.” <i>Angewandte Chemie-International Edition</i>, 2024, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202403649\">10.1002/anie.202403649</a>.","apa":"Hutsch, S., Leonard, A., Grätz, S., Höfler, M. V., Gutmann, T., &#38; Borchardt, L. (2024). Mechanochemical Cyclotrimerization: A Versatile Tool to Covalent Organic Frameworks with Tunable Stacking Mode. <i>Angewandte Chemie-International Edition</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202403649\">https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202403649</a>","chicago":"Hutsch, S., A. Leonard, S. Grätz, M. V. Höfler, Torsten Gutmann, and L. Borchardt. “Mechanochemical Cyclotrimerization: A Versatile Tool to Covalent Organic Frameworks with Tunable Stacking Mode.” <i>Angewandte Chemie-International Edition</i>, 2024. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202403649\">https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202403649</a>.","ieee":"S. Hutsch, A. Leonard, S. Grätz, M. V. Höfler, T. Gutmann, and L. Borchardt, “Mechanochemical Cyclotrimerization: A Versatile Tool to Covalent Organic Frameworks with Tunable Stacking Mode,” <i>Angewandte Chemie-International Edition</i>, 2024, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202403649\">10.1002/anie.202403649</a>.","ama":"Hutsch S, Leonard A, Grätz S, Höfler MV, Gutmann T, Borchardt L. Mechanochemical Cyclotrimerization: A Versatile Tool to Covalent Organic Frameworks with Tunable Stacking Mode. <i>Angewandte Chemie-International Edition</i>. Published online 2024. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202403649\">10.1002/anie.202403649</a>"},"publication_identifier":{"issn":["1433-7851"]},"title":"Mechanochemical Cyclotrimerization: A Versatile Tool to Covalent Organic Frameworks with Tunable Stacking Mode","doi":"10.1002/anie.202403649","date_updated":"2026-02-17T16:16:38Z","date_created":"2026-02-07T15:46:50Z","author":[{"full_name":"Hutsch, S.","last_name":"Hutsch","first_name":"S."},{"last_name":"Leonard","full_name":"Leonard, A.","first_name":"A."},{"first_name":"S.","last_name":"Grätz","full_name":"Grätz, S."},{"full_name":"Höfler, M. V.","last_name":"Höfler","first_name":"M. V."},{"first_name":"Torsten","last_name":"Gutmann","id":"118165","full_name":"Gutmann, Torsten"},{"full_name":"Borchardt, L.","last_name":"Borchardt","first_name":"L."}]}