---
res:
  bibo_abstract:
  - "<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\r\n                  <jats:p>We study how gene-environment
    interactions between education and genetic endowments affect cognition in old
    age and use this setting to show that – even with a valid instrument – two-stage
    least squares (2SLS) estimates of interaction effects can be far away from the
    true effect. This is the case when treatment effects are heterogeneous and compliance
    to the instrument depends on the interaction variable. We suggest estimating marginal
    treatment effects to address this problem. Our estimation results show complementarities
    between education and genetic predisposition in determining later-life memory.
    The marginal treatment effect estimates suggest substantially larger gene-environment
    interactions than the 2SLS estimates.</jats:p>@eng"
  bibo_authorlist:
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Johannes
      foaf_name: Hollenbach, Johannes
      foaf_surname: Hollenbach
      foaf_workInfoHomepage: http://www.librecat.org/personId=94632
    orcid: 0009-0006-2008-0564
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Hendrik
      foaf_name: Schmitz, Hendrik
      foaf_surname: Schmitz
      foaf_workInfoHomepage: http://www.librecat.org/personId=48879
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Matthias
      foaf_name: Westphal, Matthias
      foaf_surname: Westphal
  bibo_doi: 10.1093/ej/ueag010
  dct_date: 2026^xs_gYear
  dct_isPartOf:
  - http://id.crossref.org/issn/0013-0133
  - http://id.crossref.org/issn/1468-0297
  dct_language: eng
  dct_publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)@
  dct_title: Gene-environment interactions with essential heterogeneity@
...