---
res:
  bibo_abstract:
  - To reduce CO₂ emissions, the automotive industry is adopting multi-material structures.
    Fusion-based joining reaches its limits for aluminium–steel due to brittle intermetallic
    phases and mismatched thermophysical properties; therefore, mechanical joining
    (e.g., SPR) is used. Though conventional SPR requires tool changes for different
    stack-ups. Versatile self-piercing riveting (V-SPR) addresses this with an extended
    punch actuator and a multi-range-capable rivet (Kappe in PERD16:363–378, 2022),
    enabling joints up to 600 MPa across varying thicknesses without retooling. With
    the use of ultra-high-strength steels up to 1000 MPa, optimisation is required.
    This study quantifies how rivet shank geometry affects joint formation using a
    design of experiments and validated 2D axisymmetric FE simulations. The optimum
    depends strongly on the material system. For CP1000–EN AW-6014, maximum interlock
    f is predicted for a medium shank thickness of about 0.73 mm, a small internal
    foot radius of 0.620 mm, and a deeper drill depth of 3.136 mm, yielding f fc =0.4503
    mm with a desirability of 0.954. For EN AW-6014–EN AW-6014, the optimum shifts
    to a thinner shank of 0.670 mm, a larger internal foot radius of 0.820 mm and
    a shallow drill depth of 2.30 mm, giving ffc = 0.3023 mm with a desirability of
    1.0. A compromise geometry of 0.713 mm shank thickness, 0.776 mm internal foot
    radius and 2.755 mm drill depth achieves ffc = 0.3641 mm for CP1000–aluminium
    and ffc = 0.1851 mm for aluminium–aluminium with an overall desirability D = 0.6378,
    expanding V-SPR to ultra-high-strength steel–aluminium joints while maintaining
    aluminium joinability.@eng
  bibo_authorlist:
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Pia Katharina
      foaf_name: Kaimann, Pia Katharina
      foaf_surname: Kaimann
      foaf_workInfoHomepage: http://www.librecat.org/personId=44935
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Nico
      foaf_name: Ritter, Nico
      foaf_surname: Ritter
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Mathias
      foaf_name: Bobbert, Mathias
      foaf_surname: Bobbert
      foaf_workInfoHomepage: http://www.librecat.org/personId=7850
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Gerson
      foaf_name: Meschut, Gerson
      foaf_surname: Meschut
      foaf_workInfoHomepage: http://www.librecat.org/personId=32056
    orcid: 0000-0002-2763-1246
  bibo_doi: 10.1007/s44245-026-00221-y
  bibo_issue: '1'
  bibo_volume: 5
  dct_date: 2026^xs_gYear
  dct_isPartOf:
  - http://id.crossref.org/issn/2731-6564
  dct_language: eng
  dct_publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC@
  dct_title: Influence of the shank geometry on the joint formation of the versatile
    self-piercing riveting of ultra-high-strength steel-aluminium and aluminium-aluminium
    assemblies@
...