{"author":[{"first_name":"Markus","last_name":"Lörz","full_name":"Lörz, Markus"},{"last_name":"Becker","full_name":"Becker, Birgit","first_name":"Birgit"},{"full_name":"Niemann, Jan","id":"32467","last_name":"Niemann","first_name":"Jan"},{"full_name":"Drossel, Kerstin","id":"48921","last_name":"Drossel","first_name":"Kerstin"},{"first_name":"Birgit","full_name":"Eickelmann, Birgit","id":"40387","last_name":"Eickelmann","orcid":"0000-0001-6124-746X"}],"date_created":"2026-04-14T05:46:16Z","date_updated":"2026-04-14T05:55:00Z","publisher":"Elsevier BV","doi":"10.1016/j.compedu.2026.105637","title":"Social inequality in digital competencies among students in Germany: A trend analysis using ICILS data 2013-2023","publication_identifier":{"issn":["0360-1315"]},"publication_status":"published","citation":{"apa":"Lörz, M., Becker, B., Niemann, J., Drossel, K., &#38; Eickelmann, B. (2026). Social inequality in digital competencies among students in Germany: A trend analysis using ICILS data 2013-2023. <i>Computers &#38; Education</i>, Article 105637. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2026.105637\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2026.105637</a>","mla":"Lörz, Markus, et al. “Social Inequality in Digital Competencies among Students in Germany: A Trend Analysis Using ICILS Data 2013-2023.” <i>Computers &#38; Education</i>, 105637, Elsevier BV, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2026.105637\">10.1016/j.compedu.2026.105637</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Lörz_Becker_Niemann_Drossel_Eickelmann_2026, title={Social inequality in digital competencies among students in Germany: A trend analysis using ICILS data 2013-2023}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2026.105637\">10.1016/j.compedu.2026.105637</a>}, number={105637}, journal={Computers &#38; Education}, publisher={Elsevier BV}, author={Lörz, Markus and Becker, Birgit and Niemann, Jan and Drossel, Kerstin and Eickelmann, Birgit}, year={2026} }","short":"M. Lörz, B. Becker, J. Niemann, K. Drossel, B. Eickelmann, Computers &#38; Education (2026).","ama":"Lörz M, Becker B, Niemann J, Drossel K, Eickelmann B. Social inequality in digital competencies among students in Germany: A trend analysis using ICILS data 2013-2023. <i>Computers &#38; Education</i>. Published online 2026. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2026.105637\">10.1016/j.compedu.2026.105637</a>","chicago":"Lörz, Markus, Birgit Becker, Jan Niemann, Kerstin Drossel, and Birgit Eickelmann. “Social Inequality in Digital Competencies among Students in Germany: A Trend Analysis Using ICILS Data 2013-2023.” <i>Computers &#38; Education</i>, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2026.105637\">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2026.105637</a>.","ieee":"M. Lörz, B. Becker, J. Niemann, K. Drossel, and B. Eickelmann, “Social inequality in digital competencies among students in Germany: A trend analysis using ICILS data 2013-2023,” <i>Computers &#38; Education</i>, Art. no. 105637, 2026, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2026.105637\">10.1016/j.compedu.2026.105637</a>."},"year":"2026","department":[{"_id":"462"}],"user_id":"40387","_id":"65425","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"article_number":"105637","publication":"Computers & Education","type":"journal_article","status":"public"}