---
_id: '65425'
article_number: '105637'
author:
- first_name: Markus
  full_name: Lörz, Markus
  last_name: Lörz
- first_name: Birgit
  full_name: Becker, Birgit
  last_name: Becker
- first_name: Jan
  full_name: Niemann, Jan
  id: '32467'
  last_name: Niemann
- first_name: Kerstin
  full_name: Drossel, Kerstin
  id: '48921'
  last_name: Drossel
- first_name: Birgit
  full_name: Eickelmann, Birgit
  id: '40387'
  last_name: Eickelmann
  orcid: 0000-0001-6124-746X
citation:
  ama: 'Lörz M, Becker B, Niemann J, Drossel K, Eickelmann B. Social inequality in
    digital competencies among students in Germany: A trend analysis using ICILS data
    2013-2023. <i>Computers &#38; Education</i>. Published online 2026. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2026.105637">10.1016/j.compedu.2026.105637</a>'
  apa: 'Lörz, M., Becker, B., Niemann, J., Drossel, K., &#38; Eickelmann, B. (2026).
    Social inequality in digital competencies among students in Germany: A trend analysis
    using ICILS data 2013-2023. <i>Computers &#38; Education</i>, Article 105637.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2026.105637">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2026.105637</a>'
  bibtex: '@article{Lörz_Becker_Niemann_Drossel_Eickelmann_2026, title={Social inequality
    in digital competencies among students in Germany: A trend analysis using ICILS
    data 2013-2023}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2026.105637">10.1016/j.compedu.2026.105637</a>},
    number={105637}, journal={Computers &#38; Education}, publisher={Elsevier BV},
    author={Lörz, Markus and Becker, Birgit and Niemann, Jan and Drossel, Kerstin
    and Eickelmann, Birgit}, year={2026} }'
  chicago: 'Lörz, Markus, Birgit Becker, Jan Niemann, Kerstin Drossel, and Birgit
    Eickelmann. “Social Inequality in Digital Competencies among Students in Germany:
    A Trend Analysis Using ICILS Data 2013-2023.” <i>Computers &#38; Education</i>,
    2026. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2026.105637">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2026.105637</a>.'
  ieee: 'M. Lörz, B. Becker, J. Niemann, K. Drossel, and B. Eickelmann, “Social inequality
    in digital competencies among students in Germany: A trend analysis using ICILS
    data 2013-2023,” <i>Computers &#38; Education</i>, Art. no. 105637, 2026, doi:
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2026.105637">10.1016/j.compedu.2026.105637</a>.'
  mla: 'Lörz, Markus, et al. “Social Inequality in Digital Competencies among Students
    in Germany: A Trend Analysis Using ICILS Data 2013-2023.” <i>Computers &#38; Education</i>,
    105637, Elsevier BV, 2026, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2026.105637">10.1016/j.compedu.2026.105637</a>.'
  short: M. Lörz, B. Becker, J. Niemann, K. Drossel, B. Eickelmann, Computers &#38;
    Education (2026).
date_created: 2026-04-14T05:46:16Z
date_updated: 2026-04-14T05:55:00Z
department:
- _id: '462'
doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2026.105637
language:
- iso: eng
publication: Computers & Education
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 0360-1315
publication_status: published
publisher: Elsevier BV
status: public
title: 'Social inequality in digital competencies among students in Germany: A trend
  analysis using ICILS data 2013-2023'
type: journal_article
user_id: '40387'
year: '2026'
...