---
res:
  bibo_abstract:
  - Self-piercing riveting (SPR) is a well-established joining technique in lightweight
    construction, as it enables the joining of different materials without requiring
    pre-drilling. However, the necessary adaptation of the rivet-die combination to
    the respective material and thickness combinations requires a large number of
    specific tool sets, which significantly limits the process's flexibility. To overcome
    these limitations, the versatile self-piercing riveting (V-SPR) was developed,
    which features enhanced punch actuation in combination with a multi-range-capable
    rivet . In this context, the concept of a movable die was introduced, which enables
    an extended process window and adaptable joint formation. Kappe et al. presented
    initial studies demonstrating the potential of this approach . However, a detailed
    numerical understanding of the underlying mechanisms remains lacking. This paper
    presents a numerical analysis of V-SPR with a movable die using a finite element
    (FE) model. The model includes deformable rivets, sheet metal materials and a
    kinematically controlled die with adjustable movement. A parameter study was conducted
    to analyse the influence of die movement on the material flow of the rivet and
    sheets, as well as joint formation. The simulations were validated using selected
    experimental data. The goal is to compare the joint geometries achieved with fixed
    and moving dies and expand the process windows of VSPR. The results demonstrate
    that the movable-die concept significantly enhances the material flow of both
    the sheets and the rivet, resulting in a noticeably larger and more reliable interlock
    than what is achievable with V-SPR using a fixed die. The numerical analyses support
    the observations reported by Kappe et al. and extend them by providing a quantitative
    description of how die displacement influences the resulting interlock size. Moreover,
    the ability to precisely control the die movement makes it possible to join challenging
    sheet-metal combinations that are difficult to process with conventional setups,
    particularly in cases involving thicker sheet materials.@eng
  bibo_authorlist:
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Pia Katharina
      foaf_name: Kaimann, Pia Katharina
      foaf_surname: Kaimann
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Mathias
      foaf_name: Bobbert, Mathias
      foaf_surname: Bobbert
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Gerson
      foaf_name: Meschut, Gerson
      foaf_surname: Meschut
  bibo_doi: 10.4028/p-8jkha8
  bibo_volume: 1185
  dct_date: 2026^xs_gYear
  dct_isPartOf:
  - http://id.crossref.org/issn/1662-9752
  dct_language: eng
  dct_publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.@
  dct_title: Numerical Analysis of the Influence of a Movable Die on Joint Formation
    in Versatile Self-Piercing Riveting@
...