---
res:
  bibo_abstract:
  - Over the past decades, nanoparticulate drug carrier systems have emerged as promising
    tools in medicine. A persistent challenge in current pharmacotherapy is the limited
    selectivity of active pharmaceutical ingredients, resulting in undesirable side
    effects. Smart drug delivery systems, which release encapsulated active pharmaceutical
    ingredients in response to specific stimuli, offer a potential solution by enabling
    controlled drug release. This approach can be particularly relevant for exploiting
    biochemical differences between extracellular and intracellular environments.
    In this study, self-immolative polydisulfide based polymers manufactured from
    dithiothreitol were processed into nanoparticle formulations to respond preferentially
    to elevated glutathione levels, which are characteristic of intracellular environments
    and are often increased in tumor cells. The influence of polymer chain length
    on the physicochemical properties of the resulting nanoparticles was investigated.
    Lumogen® Red was incorporated as a model substance to determine the loading capacity
    of the carrier system. Degradation was characterized using dynamic light scattering
    and asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation, as well as by imaging techniques
    such as atomic force microscopy. Selective release of the embedded substance was
    demonstrated at elevated glutathione concentrations, while no significant release
    was observed at extracellularly relevant levels (10 µM glutathione), where the
    behavior was comparable to the buffer control. Increased release was observed
    under intracellularly relevant conditions (2 – 10 mM glutathione). These findings
    support a redox-responsive behavior under intracellular-like conditions. The latter
    was proven for primary fibroblasts and the cancer cell lines BT-474, MCF-7 and
    SK-BR-3 by quantification of intracellular low molecular weight thiols. The nanoparticle
    uptake was confirmed in the investigated cell lines by visualization via confocal
    laser scanning microscopy. Via lysosomal staining it was shown that nanoparticles
    accumulate in lysosomes. Furthermore, the carrier system itself showed no cytotoxic
    properties in cell culture studies against the four different cell types. The
    developed system is a suitable and very promising smart drug delivery system in
    the context of controlled drug release.@eng
  bibo_authorlist:
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Maurice
      foaf_name: Kramer, Maurice
      foaf_surname: Kramer
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Corinna
      foaf_name: Horky, Corinna
      foaf_surname: Horky
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Katharina
      foaf_name: Völlmecke, Katharina
      foaf_surname: Völlmecke
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Dennis
      foaf_name: Mulac-Hahnen, Dennis
      foaf_surname: Mulac-Hahnen
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Fabian
      foaf_name: Herrmann, Fabian
      foaf_surname: Herrmann
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Dirk
      foaf_name: Kuckling, Dirk
      foaf_surname: Kuckling
      foaf_workInfoHomepage: http://www.librecat.org/personId=287
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Klaus
      foaf_name: Langer, Klaus
      foaf_surname: Langer
  bibo_doi: 10.1016/j.nxnano.2026.100510
  bibo_volume: 9
  dct_date: 2026^xs_gYear
  dct_isPartOf:
  - http://id.crossref.org/issn/2949-8295
  dct_language: eng
  dct_publisher: Elsevier BV@
  dct_subject:
  - Nanoparticles
  - Smart drug delivery
  - Controlled release
  - Self-immolative polymers
  - Tumor targeting
  dct_title: 'Smart drug delivery systems for potential targeted cancer therapy: Exploiting
    increased glutathione levels in tumor microenvironments@'
...