---
_id: '65670'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "Ensuring the veracity of assertions is {vital for building reliable and consistent
    knowledge graphs}. \r\nA variety of automatic fact-checking approaches have been
    proposed over the past decade. Among these, path-based fact-checking approaches
    are particularly attractive due to their independence of supplementary external
    knowledge and their faster runtimes compared to methods reliant on external corpora
    or embeddings.  \r\nHowever, the effectiveness of these approaches is fundamentally
    limited by the incompleteness of existing knowledge graphs, which often lack the
    paths necessary to support or refute assertions. \r\nTo address this limitation,
    we propose \\system{}, a framework that supplements the knowledge graph with shallow
    knowledge---automatically extracted RDF assertions from external unstructured
    sources---even if this additional knowledge may not always fit a well-defined
    ontology nor be fully verified. By appending such shallow knowledge, we enhance
    the graph’s coverage and increase the chances of finding relevant evidence for
    fact checking. Comprehensive experiments on three widely used benchmark datasets
    demonstrate that integrating \\system{} consistently and significantly enhances
    the performance of {state-of-the-art path-based fact-checking approaches}, yielding
    improvements of up to 0.24 in Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic
    Curve (AUROC). These results establish \\system{} as a broadly applicable auxiliary
    component for improving the reliability and coverage of automatic fact checking
    in knowledge graphs. Our code is open-source and can be found at \\url{https://github.com/dice-group/ShallKnow}."
author:
- first_name: Umair
  full_name: Qudus, Umair
  id: '83392'
  last_name: Qudus
  orcid: 0000-0001-6714-8729
- first_name: Neha
  full_name: Pokharel, Neha
  last_name: Pokharel
- first_name: Michael
  full_name: Röder, Michael
  id: '67199'
  last_name: Röder
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8609-8277
- first_name: Axel-Cyrille
  full_name: Ngonga Ngomo, Axel-Cyrille
  id: '65716'
  last_name: Ngonga Ngomo
citation:
  ama: 'Qudus U, Pokharel N, Röder M, Ngonga Ngomo A-C. No Need to Be a Know-It-All:
    Fact Checking with Shallow Knowledge. In: <i>Lecture Notes in Computer Science</i>.
    Springer Nature Switzerland; 2026. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-25156-5_23">10.1007/978-3-032-25156-5_23</a>'
  apa: 'Qudus, U., Pokharel, N., Röder, M., &#38; Ngonga Ngomo, A.-C. (2026). No Need
    to Be a Know-It-All: Fact Checking with Shallow Knowledge. In <i>Lecture Notes
    in Computer Science</i>. Springer Nature Switzerland. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-25156-5_23">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-25156-5_23</a>'
  bibtex: '@inbook{Qudus_Pokharel_Röder_Ngonga Ngomo_2026, place={Cham}, title={No
    Need to Be a Know-It-All: Fact Checking with Shallow Knowledge}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-25156-5_23">10.1007/978-3-032-25156-5_23</a>},
    booktitle={Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, publisher={Springer Nature Switzerland},
    author={Qudus, Umair and Pokharel, Neha and Röder, Michael and Ngonga Ngomo, Axel-Cyrille},
    year={2026} }'
  chicago: 'Qudus, Umair, Neha Pokharel, Michael Röder, and Axel-Cyrille Ngonga Ngomo.
    “No Need to Be a Know-It-All: Fact Checking with Shallow Knowledge.” In <i>Lecture
    Notes in Computer Science</i>. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2026. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-25156-5_23">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-25156-5_23</a>.'
  ieee: 'U. Qudus, N. Pokharel, M. Röder, and A.-C. Ngonga Ngomo, “No Need to Be a Know-It-All:
    Fact Checking with Shallow Knowledge,” in <i>Lecture Notes in Computer Science</i>,
    Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2026.'
  mla: 'Qudus, Umair, et al. “No Need to Be a Know-It-All: Fact Checking with Shallow
    Knowledge.” <i>Lecture Notes in Computer Science</i>, Springer Nature Switzerland,
    2026, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-25156-5_23">10.1007/978-3-032-25156-5_23</a>.'
  short: 'U. Qudus, N. Pokharel, M. Röder, A.-C. Ngonga Ngomo, in: Lecture Notes in
    Computer Science, Springer Nature Switzerland, Cham, 2026.'
date_created: 2026-05-21T11:45:24Z
date_updated: 2026-05-21T11:55:29Z
department:
- _id: '574'
doi: 10.1007/978-3-032-25156-5_23
keyword:
- fact checking
language:
- iso: eng
place: Cham
publication: Lecture Notes in Computer Science
publication_identifier:
  isbn:
  - '9783032251558'
  - '9783032251565'
  issn:
  - 0302-9743
  - 1611-3349
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Nature Switzerland
status: public
title: 'No Need to Be a Know-It-All: Fact Checking with Shallow Knowledge'
type: book_chapter
user_id: '83392'
year: '2026'
...