---
res:
  bibo_abstract:
  - "<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\r\n                  <jats:p>Is explainable
    AI feasible and desirable, and are explanations of AI decisions always good? Many
    answer this question in the affirmative, but there is a growing discourse that
    is suspicious of the promises of explainable AI used to explain decisions towards
    users, considering it unfeasible, undesirable, and even potentially misleading.
    Could explainable AI be just a rhetorical foil? This paper proposes that, yes,
    explainable AI is a rhetorical technology but no, this does not necessarily make
    it undesirable. It starts by revisiting this debate according to the initial charge
    against rhetorics by Plato and Aristotle’s response, considering rhetoric pharmacologically,
    as not only a poison but also a cure for political life. It argues that, just
    as rhetoric was necessary to take care of the temporalities of public life, in
    court, the public event, and the assembly, so may explainable AI contribute to
    a rhetorical context. Yet, whether it does so is conditioned on the extent to
    which it cultivates the civic virtues relative to a respective context. The paper
    considers the examples of predictive policing, credit scoring, and prediction
    markets to argue about ideal states – civic virtues that may be cultivated in
    each appropriate context – and deviations that point at the risks of explainable
    AI to lead to domination, conformism, and political recalcitrance.</jats:p>@eng"
  bibo_authorlist:
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Wessel
      foaf_name: Reijers, Wessel
      foaf_surname: Reijers
  bibo_doi: 10.1007/s11245-026-10451-0
  dct_date: 2026^xs_gYear
  dct_isPartOf:
  - http://id.crossref.org/issn/0167-7411
  - http://id.crossref.org/issn/1572-8749
  dct_language: eng
  dct_publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC@
  dct_title: 'Explainable AI as a Rhetorical Technology: Promoting Civic Virtue in
    the Age of AI@'
...