---
_id: '65747'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: 'In this work, we address the numerical identification of entanglement in
    dynamical scenarios. To this end, we consider different programs based on the
    restriction of the evolution to the set of separable (i.e., non-entangled) states,
    together with the discretization of the space of variables for numerical computations.
    As a first approach, we apply linear splitting methods to the restricted, continuous
    equations of motion derived from variational principles. We utilize an exchange
    interaction Hamiltonian to confirm that the numerical and analytical solutions
    coincide in the limit of small time steps. The application to different Hamiltonians
    shows the wide applicability of the method to detect dynamical entanglement. To
    avoid the derivation of analytical solutions for complex dynamics, we consider
    variational, numerical integration schemes, introducing a variational discretization
    for Lagrangians linear in velocities. Here, we examine and compare two approaches:
    one in which the system is discretized before the restriction is applied, and
    another in which the restriction precedes the discretization. We find that the
    "first-discretize-then-restrict" method becomes numerically unstable, already
    for the example of an exchange-interaction Hamiltonian, which can be an important
    consideration for the numerical analysis of constrained quantum dynamics. Thereby,
    broadly applicable numerical tools, including their limitations, for studying
    entanglement over time are established for assessing the entangling power of processes
    that are used in quantum information theory.'
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Christian
  full_name: Offen, Christian
  last_name: Offen
- first_name: Boris
  full_name: Wembe, Boris
  last_name: Wembe
- first_name: Laura
  full_name: Ares, Laura
  last_name: Ares
- first_name: Jan
  full_name: Sperling, Jan
  last_name: Sperling
- first_name: Sina
  full_name: Ober-Blöbaum, Sina
  last_name: Ober-Blöbaum
citation:
  ama: 'Offen C, Wembe B, Ares L, Sperling J, Ober-Blöbaum S. Numerical approaches
    to entangling dynamics from variational principles. <i>Journal of Physics A: Mathematical
    and Theoretical</i>. Published online 2026. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1751-8121/ae6d51">10.1088/1751-8121/ae6d51</a>'
  apa: 'Offen, C., Wembe, B., Ares, L., Sperling, J., &#38; Ober-Blöbaum, S. (2026).
    Numerical approaches to entangling dynamics from variational principles. <i>Journal
    of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical</i>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1751-8121/ae6d51">https://doi.org/10.1088/1751-8121/ae6d51</a>'
  bibtex: '@article{Offen_Wembe_Ares_Sperling_Ober-Blöbaum_2026, title={Numerical
    approaches to entangling dynamics from variational principles}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1751-8121/ae6d51">10.1088/1751-8121/ae6d51</a>},
    journal={Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical}, publisher={IOP Publishing},
    author={Offen, Christian and Wembe, Boris and Ares, Laura and Sperling, Jan and
    Ober-Blöbaum, Sina}, year={2026} }'
  chicago: 'Offen, Christian, Boris Wembe, Laura Ares, Jan Sperling, and Sina Ober-Blöbaum.
    “Numerical Approaches to Entangling Dynamics from Variational Principles.” <i>Journal
    of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical</i>, 2026. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1751-8121/ae6d51">https://doi.org/10.1088/1751-8121/ae6d51</a>.'
  ieee: 'C. Offen, B. Wembe, L. Ares, J. Sperling, and S. Ober-Blöbaum, “Numerical
    approaches to entangling dynamics from variational principles,” <i>Journal of
    Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical</i>, 2026, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1751-8121/ae6d51">10.1088/1751-8121/ae6d51</a>.'
  mla: 'Offen, Christian, et al. “Numerical Approaches to Entangling Dynamics from
    Variational Principles.” <i>Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical</i>,
    IOP Publishing, 2026, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1751-8121/ae6d51">10.1088/1751-8121/ae6d51</a>.'
  short: 'C. Offen, B. Wembe, L. Ares, J. Sperling, S. Ober-Blöbaum, Journal of Physics
    A: Mathematical and Theoretical (2026).'
date_created: 2026-06-01T09:41:19Z
date_updated: 2026-06-01T09:43:52Z
department:
- _id: '94'
doi: 10.1088/1751-8121/ae6d51
language:
- iso: eng
publication: 'Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical'
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1751-8113
  - 1751-8121
publication_status: published
publisher: IOP Publishing
status: public
title: Numerical approaches to entangling dynamics from variational principles
type: journal_article
user_id: '95394'
year: '2026'
...