---
_id: '65777'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\r\n                  <jats:p>In this work,
    we address the numerical identification of entanglement in dynamical scenarios.
    To this end, we consider different programs based on the restriction of the evolution
    to the set of separable (i.e., non-entangled) states, together with the discretization
    of the space of variables for numerical computations. As a first approach, we
    apply linear splitting methods to the restricted, continuous equations of motion
    derived from variational principles. We utilize an exchange interaction Hamiltonian
    to confirm that the numerical and analytical solutions coincide in the limit of
    small time steps. The application to different Hamiltonians shows the wide applicability
    of the method to detect dynamical entanglement. To avoid the derivation of analytical
    solutions for complex dynamics, we consider variational, numerical integration
    schemes, introducing a variational discretization for Lagrangians linear in velocities.
    Here, we examine and compare two approaches: one in which the system is discretized
    before the restriction is applied, and another in which the restriction precedes
    the discretization. We find that the ‘first-discretize-then-restrict’ method becomes
    numerically unstable, already for the example of an exchange-interaction Hamiltonian,
    which can be an important consideration for the numerical analysis of constrained
    quantum dynamics. Thereby, broadly applicable numerical tools, including their
    limitations, for studying entanglement over time are established for assessing
    the entangling power of processes that are used in quantum information theory.</jats:p>"
article_number: '225303'
author:
- first_name: Christian
  full_name: Offen, Christian
  last_name: Offen
- first_name: Boris Edgar
  full_name: Wembe Moafo, Boris Edgar
  id: '95394'
  last_name: Wembe Moafo
  orcid: 0000-0002-6085-8071
- first_name: Laura
  full_name: Ares, Laura
  last_name: Ares
- first_name: Jan
  full_name: Sperling, Jan
  id: '75127'
  last_name: Sperling
  orcid: 0000-0002-5844-3205
- first_name: Sina
  full_name: Ober-Blöbaum, Sina
  id: '16494'
  last_name: Ober-Blöbaum
citation:
  ama: 'Offen C, Wembe Moafo BE, Ares L, Sperling J, Ober-Blöbaum S. Numerical approaches
    to entangling dynamics from variational principles. <i>Journal of Physics A: Mathematical
    and Theoretical</i>. 2026;59(22). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1751-8121/ae6d51">10.1088/1751-8121/ae6d51</a>'
  apa: 'Offen, C., Wembe Moafo, B. E., Ares, L., Sperling, J., &#38; Ober-Blöbaum,
    S. (2026). Numerical approaches to entangling dynamics from variational principles.
    <i>Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical</i>, <i>59</i>(22), Article
    225303. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1751-8121/ae6d51">https://doi.org/10.1088/1751-8121/ae6d51</a>'
  bibtex: '@article{Offen_Wembe Moafo_Ares_Sperling_Ober-Blöbaum_2026, title={Numerical
    approaches to entangling dynamics from variational principles}, volume={59}, DOI={<a
    href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1751-8121/ae6d51">10.1088/1751-8121/ae6d51</a>},
    number={22225303}, journal={Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical},
    publisher={IOP Publishing}, author={Offen, Christian and Wembe Moafo, Boris Edgar
    and Ares, Laura and Sperling, Jan and Ober-Blöbaum, Sina}, year={2026} }'
  chicago: 'Offen, Christian, Boris Edgar Wembe Moafo, Laura Ares, Jan Sperling, and
    Sina Ober-Blöbaum. “Numerical Approaches to Entangling Dynamics from Variational
    Principles.” <i>Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical</i> 59, no.
    22 (2026). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1751-8121/ae6d51">https://doi.org/10.1088/1751-8121/ae6d51</a>.'
  ieee: 'C. Offen, B. E. Wembe Moafo, L. Ares, J. Sperling, and S. Ober-Blöbaum, “Numerical
    approaches to entangling dynamics from variational principles,” <i>Journal of
    Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical</i>, vol. 59, no. 22, Art. no. 225303,
    2026, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1751-8121/ae6d51">10.1088/1751-8121/ae6d51</a>.'
  mla: 'Offen, Christian, et al. “Numerical Approaches to Entangling Dynamics from
    Variational Principles.” <i>Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical</i>,
    vol. 59, no. 22, 225303, IOP Publishing, 2026, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1751-8121/ae6d51">10.1088/1751-8121/ae6d51</a>.'
  short: 'C. Offen, B.E. Wembe Moafo, L. Ares, J. Sperling, S. Ober-Blöbaum, Journal
    of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical 59 (2026).'
date_created: 2026-06-05T07:37:43Z
date_updated: 2026-06-05T07:38:44Z
department:
- _id: '623'
- _id: '15'
- _id: '170'
- _id: '706'
- _id: '429'
doi: 10.1088/1751-8121/ae6d51
intvolume: '        59'
issue: '22'
language:
- iso: eng
publication: 'Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical'
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1751-8113
  - 1751-8121
publication_status: published
publisher: IOP Publishing
status: public
title: Numerical approaches to entangling dynamics from variational principles
type: journal_article
user_id: '75127'
volume: 59
year: '2026'
...