---
_id: '65812'
author:
- first_name: Hendrik
  full_name: Schmitz, Hendrik
  id: '48879'
  last_name: Schmitz
- first_name: Matthias
  full_name: Westphal, Matthias
  last_name: Westphal
citation:
  ama: 'Schmitz H, Westphal M. <i>Early- and Later-Life Stimulation: How Retirement
    Shapes The Effect of Education on Old-Age Cognitive Abilities</i>.; 2025.'
  apa: 'Schmitz, H., &#38; Westphal, M. (2025). <i>Early- and Later-Life Stimulation:
    How Retirement Shapes The Effect of Education on Old-Age Cognitive Abilities</i>.'
  bibtex: '@book{Schmitz_Westphal_2025, title={Early- and Later-Life Stimulation:
    How Retirement Shapes The Effect of Education on Old-Age Cognitive Abilities},
    author={Schmitz, Hendrik and Westphal, Matthias}, year={2025} }'
  chicago: 'Schmitz, Hendrik, and Matthias Westphal. <i>Early- and Later-Life Stimulation:
    How Retirement Shapes The Effect of Education on Old-Age Cognitive Abilities</i>,
    2025.'
  ieee: 'H. Schmitz and M. Westphal, <i>Early- and Later-Life Stimulation: How Retirement
    Shapes The Effect of Education on Old-Age Cognitive Abilities</i>. 2025.'
  mla: 'Schmitz, Hendrik, and Matthias Westphal. <i>Early- and Later-Life Stimulation:
    How Retirement Shapes The Effect of Education on Old-Age Cognitive Abilities</i>.
    2025.'
  short: 'H. Schmitz, M. Westphal, Early- and Later-Life Stimulation: How Retirement
    Shapes The Effect of Education on Old-Age Cognitive Abilities, 2025.'
date_created: 2026-06-09T07:21:34Z
date_updated: 2026-06-09T09:59:43Z
department:
- _id: '281'
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- url: https://hdl.handle.net/10419/315483
publication_identifier:
  unknown:
  - 978-3-96973-329-5
status: public
title: 'Early- and Later-Life Stimulation: How Retirement Shapes The Effect of Education
  on Old-Age Cognitive Abilities'
type: working_paper
user_id: '37953'
year: '2025'
...