---
res:
  bibo_abstract:
  - <jats:p>The reduction of CO2-emissions in the chemical industry is essential to
    meet European climate targets. Particularly, the reliance on fossil fuels for
    process heat supply is a key factor for CO2-emissions. Electrically driven compression
    heat pumps are a promising option to reduce fossil fuel consumption by upgrading
    low-temperature waste heat to a higher temperature level, provided that low-carbon
    electricity is available. However, the integration of heat pumps into chemical
    utility systems remains a challenge due to economic constraints and the high complexity
    associated with site-wide heat integration and retrofit of existing structures.
    This work presents a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) approach for the
    optimization of utility systems with integrated heat pumps. To address computational
    complexity, candidate utility temperature levels are pre-selected, and feasible
    heat pump coefficients of performance (COP) are precomputed. The framework is
    applied to both greenfield and retrofit scenarios for a synthetic case study consisting
    of 400 process streams. In the greenfield scenario, optimal utility temperature
    levels and heat pump integration configurations are identified. For the retrofit
    scenario, temperature levels of an existing utility system are modified to reduce
    total annual costs (TAC). Additionally, sensitivity analysis is conducted to assess
    the influence of key economic and environmental parameters. The presented case
    studies demonstrate short solution times, highlighting the suitability of the
    proposed framework for screening studies and systematic sensitivity analyses in
    early-stage design and retrofit applications.</jats:p>@eng
  bibo_authorlist:
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Thorben
      foaf_name: Hochhaus, Thorben
      foaf_surname: Hochhaus
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Marcus
      foaf_name: Grünewald, Marcus
      foaf_surname: Grünewald
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Julia
      foaf_name: Riese, Julia
      foaf_surname: Riese
      foaf_workInfoHomepage: http://www.librecat.org/personId=101499
    orcid: 0000-0002-3053-0534
  bibo_doi: 10.69997/sct.152209
  bibo_volume: 6
  dct_date: 2026^xs_gYear
  dct_isPartOf:
  - http://id.crossref.org/issn/2818-4734
  dct_language: eng
  dct_publisher: PSE Press@
  dct_title: Optimization of Site-wide Heat-Integrated Utility Systems with Heat Pumps
    using MILP@
...