---
_id: '66074'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\r\n                  <jats:p>This study
    investigates how secondary students construct and evaluate decision trees in an
    open exploratory task using CODAP. By analyzing students’ tree products and oral
    self-reports, we identified different data-based and context-based approaches
    to predictor selection and stopping criteria. Students engaged with key ideas
    of predictive modeling, including classification, model construction, accuracy,
    generalization, and interpretability. Informal exploration offered rich opportunities
    for subsequent teaching by enabling students to begin reconstructing central technical
    ideas and critical tensions of predictive modeling through diverse but meaningful
    reasoning approaches.</jats:p>"
author:
- first_name: Franz Yannik
  full_name: Fleischer, Franz Yannik
  id: '42660'
  last_name: Fleischer
  orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0318-0329
- first_name: Rolf
  full_name: Biehler, Rolf
  id: '16274'
  last_name: Biehler
citation:
  ama: 'Fleischer FY, Biehler R. Informal approaches to predictive modeling: fostering
    data literacy and critical engagement through decision tree construction. <i>ZDM
    – Mathematics Education</i>. Published online 2026. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-026-01806-3">10.1007/s11858-026-01806-3</a>'
  apa: 'Fleischer, F. Y., &#38; Biehler, R. (2026). Informal approaches to predictive
    modeling: fostering data literacy and critical engagement through decision tree
    construction. <i>ZDM – Mathematics Education</i>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-026-01806-3">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-026-01806-3</a>'
  bibtex: '@article{Fleischer_Biehler_2026, title={Informal approaches to predictive
    modeling: fostering data literacy and critical engagement through decision tree
    construction}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-026-01806-3">10.1007/s11858-026-01806-3</a>},
    journal={ZDM – Mathematics Education}, publisher={Springer Science and Business
    Media LLC}, author={Fleischer, Franz Yannik and Biehler, Rolf}, year={2026} }'
  chicago: 'Fleischer, Franz Yannik, and Rolf Biehler. “Informal Approaches to Predictive
    Modeling: Fostering Data Literacy and Critical Engagement through Decision Tree
    Construction.” <i>ZDM – Mathematics Education</i>, 2026. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-026-01806-3">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-026-01806-3</a>.'
  ieee: 'F. Y. Fleischer and R. Biehler, “Informal approaches to predictive modeling:
    fostering data literacy and critical engagement through decision tree construction,”
    <i>ZDM – Mathematics Education</i>, 2026, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-026-01806-3">10.1007/s11858-026-01806-3</a>.'
  mla: 'Fleischer, Franz Yannik, and Rolf Biehler. “Informal Approaches to Predictive
    Modeling: Fostering Data Literacy and Critical Engagement through Decision Tree
    Construction.” <i>ZDM – Mathematics Education</i>, Springer Science and Business
    Media LLC, 2026, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-026-01806-3">10.1007/s11858-026-01806-3</a>.'
  short: F.Y. Fleischer, R. Biehler, ZDM – Mathematics Education (2026).
date_created: 2026-06-29T07:43:33Z
date_updated: 2026-06-29T07:47:44Z
department:
- _id: '363'
doi: 10.1007/s11858-026-01806-3
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11858-026-01806-3
oa: '1'
publication: ZDM – Mathematics Education
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1863-9690
  - 1863-9704
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
status: public
title: 'Informal approaches to predictive modeling: fostering data literacy and critical
  engagement through decision tree construction'
type: journal_article
user_id: '37888'
year: '2026'
...