---
_id: '66094'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: The two-qubit controlled-not (C-NOT) gate is an essential component for gate-based
    quantum circuits. In fact, its operation, combined with single qubit rotations
    allows to realise any quantum circuit. Several strategies have been adopted in
    order to build quantum gates. Among them, photonics offers the dual advantage
    of excellent isolation from the environment and ease of manipulation at the single
    qubit level. Here we adopt a scalable time-multiplexed approach in order to build
    a fully reconfigurable architecture capable of implementing a post-selected C-NOT
    gate with a fidelity of (93.8 ± 1.4)%. We then show how our time-multiplexed platform
    can be employed to combine a C-NOT and a single qubit gate in order to generate
    the four Bell states.
article_number: '5683'
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Federico
  full_name: Pegoraro, Federico
  id: '88928'
  last_name: Pegoraro
- first_name: Philip
  full_name: Held, Philip
  id: '68236'
  last_name: Held
- first_name: Jonas
  full_name: Lammers, Jonas
  last_name: Lammers
- first_name: Benjamin
  full_name: Brecht, Benjamin
  id: '27150'
  last_name: Brecht
  orcid: '0000-0003-4140-0556 '
- first_name: Christine
  full_name: Silberhorn, Christine
  id: '26263'
  last_name: Silberhorn
citation:
  ama: Pegoraro F, Held P, Lammers J, Brecht B, Silberhorn C. Demonstration of a quantum
    C-NOT gate in a time-multiplexed fully reconfigurable photonic processor. <i>Nature
    Communications</i>. 2026;17(1). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-74861-9">10.1038/s41467-026-74861-9</a>
  apa: Pegoraro, F., Held, P., Lammers, J., Brecht, B., &#38; Silberhorn, C. (2026).
    Demonstration of a quantum C-NOT gate in a time-multiplexed fully reconfigurable
    photonic processor. <i>Nature Communications</i>, <i>17</i>(1), Article 5683.
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-74861-9">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-74861-9</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Pegoraro_Held_Lammers_Brecht_Silberhorn_2026, title={Demonstration
    of a quantum C-NOT gate in a time-multiplexed fully reconfigurable photonic processor},
    volume={17}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-74861-9">10.1038/s41467-026-74861-9</a>},
    number={15683}, journal={Nature Communications}, publisher={Springer Science and
    Business Media LLC}, author={Pegoraro, Federico and Held, Philip and Lammers,
    Jonas and Brecht, Benjamin and Silberhorn, Christine}, year={2026} }'
  chicago: Pegoraro, Federico, Philip Held, Jonas Lammers, Benjamin Brecht, and Christine
    Silberhorn. “Demonstration of a Quantum C-NOT Gate in a Time-Multiplexed Fully
    Reconfigurable Photonic Processor.” <i>Nature Communications</i> 17, no. 1 (2026).
    <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-74861-9">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-74861-9</a>.
  ieee: 'F. Pegoraro, P. Held, J. Lammers, B. Brecht, and C. Silberhorn, “Demonstration
    of a quantum C-NOT gate in a time-multiplexed fully reconfigurable photonic processor,”
    <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 17, no. 1, Art. no. 5683, 2026, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-74861-9">10.1038/s41467-026-74861-9</a>.'
  mla: Pegoraro, Federico, et al. “Demonstration of a Quantum C-NOT Gate in a Time-Multiplexed
    Fully Reconfigurable Photonic Processor.” <i>Nature Communications</i>, vol. 17,
    no. 1, 5683, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2026, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-74861-9">10.1038/s41467-026-74861-9</a>.
  short: F. Pegoraro, P. Held, J. Lammers, B. Brecht, C. Silberhorn, Nature Communications
    17 (2026).
date_created: 2026-07-01T07:47:15Z
date_updated: 2026-07-01T08:15:21Z
department:
- _id: '288'
- _id: '623'
- _id: '15'
doi: 10.1038/s41467-026-74861-9
intvolume: '        17'
issue: '1'
keyword:
- Photonic Quantum Computing
- Time-multiplexing
- Quantum Information
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-026-74861-9
oa: '1'
publication: Nature Communications
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2041-1723
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
related_material:
  link:
  - description: Supplementary notes to the main article
    relation: supplementary_material
    url: https://static-content.springer.com/esm/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41467-026-74861-9/MediaObjects/41467_2026_74861_MOESM1_ESM.pdf
  - description: Datasets and code
    relation: supplementary_material
    url: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20396394
status: public
title: Demonstration of a quantum C-NOT gate in a time-multiplexed fully reconfigurable
  photonic processor
type: journal_article
user_id: '88928'
volume: 17
year: '2026'
...