---
res:
  bibo_abstract:
  - 'In June 2025, Iran enacted a nationwide Internet shutdown, culminating its already
    strict censorship apparatus. While Internet shutdowns happen regularly, insights
    into these shutdowns are notoriously difficult to obtain: their timing is hard
    to predict, and measurements are often impossible. In this paper, we present unique
    measurements surrounding Iran’s 2025 Internet shutdown in June, which we acquired
    during a regular analysis of Iran’s censorship apparatus. We contextualize our
    findings of Iranian DNS, HTTP, TLS, and QUIC censorship during the shutdown with
    measurements from platforms such as Cloudflare Radar and user reports. Our measurements
    show that Iranian censorship changed before and after the shutdown, marking preparation
    and recovery periods. For instance, QUIC censorship went into effect before and
    stayed in effect after the shutdown, while DNS over TCP censorship was only present
    briefly before the shutdown and resumed working afterwards. We also measured general
    network instabilities, especially for UDP, after the shutdown and the disabling
    of certain middleboxes. Our findings indicate that the Iranian censor enforced
    its shutdown using fine-grained techniques instead of relying on an all-or-nothing
    blackout. We advertise for continued measurements of the Iranian censor and hypothesize
    that future shutdowns in censoring countries could be detected during their preparation
    phase.@eng'
  bibo_authorlist:
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Anonymous
      foaf_name: Anonymous, Anonymous
      foaf_surname: Anonymous
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Niklas
      foaf_name: Niere, Niklas
      foaf_surname: Niere
      foaf_workInfoHomepage: http://www.librecat.org/personId=63563
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Felix
      foaf_name: Graf Lange, Felix
      foaf_surname: Graf Lange
      foaf_workInfoHomepage: http://www.librecat.org/personId=67893
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: Juraj
      foaf_name: Somorovsky, Juraj
      foaf_surname: Somorovsky
      foaf_workInfoHomepage: http://www.librecat.org/personId=83504
    orcid: 0000-0002-3593-7720
  dct_date: 2026^xs_gYear
  dct_language: eng
  dct_title: Insights into an Iranian Internet Shutdown@
...