{"date_created":"2026-07-06T11:30:48Z","type":"journal_article","keyword":["Hydrothermal carbonization","Activated hydrochar","CO2 adsorption","Adsorption isotherms","Thermogravimetric analysis","Gas analysis","Method validation","Carbon capture"],"citation":{"mla":"Kroiß, Christoph, et al. “Validation of a Fluidized Bed Thermogravimetric Method with Integrated Gas Analysis for CO2 Capture by Activated Hydrochar from Pistachio Shells.” <i>Discover Applied Sciences</i>, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-026-09061-7\">10.1007/s42452-026-09061-7</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Kroiß_Al Afif_Pröll_Pfeifer_Weinberger_Tondl_2026, title={Validation of a fluidized bed thermogravimetric method with integrated gas analysis for CO2 capture by activated hydrochar from pistachio shells}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-026-09061-7\">10.1007/s42452-026-09061-7</a>}, journal={Discover Applied Sciences}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Kroiß, Christoph and Al Afif, Rafat and Pröll, Tobias and Pfeifer, Christoph and Weinberger, Christian and Tondl, Gregor}, year={2026} }","ama":"Kroiß C, Al Afif R, Pröll T, Pfeifer C, Weinberger C, Tondl G. Validation of a fluidized bed thermogravimetric method with integrated gas analysis for CO2 capture by activated hydrochar from pistachio shells. <i>Discover Applied Sciences</i>. Published online 2026. doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-026-09061-7\">10.1007/s42452-026-09061-7</a>","ieee":"C. Kroiß, R. Al Afif, T. Pröll, C. Pfeifer, C. Weinberger, and G. Tondl, “Validation of a fluidized bed thermogravimetric method with integrated gas analysis for CO2 capture by activated hydrochar from pistachio shells,” <i>Discover Applied Sciences</i>, 2026, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-026-09061-7\">10.1007/s42452-026-09061-7</a>.","apa":"Kroiß, C., Al Afif, R., Pröll, T., Pfeifer, C., Weinberger, C., &#38; Tondl, G. (2026). Validation of a fluidized bed thermogravimetric method with integrated gas analysis for CO2 capture by activated hydrochar from pistachio shells. <i>Discover Applied Sciences</i>. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-026-09061-7\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-026-09061-7</a>","short":"C. Kroiß, R. Al Afif, T. Pröll, C. Pfeifer, C. Weinberger, G. Tondl, Discover Applied Sciences (2026).","chicago":"Kroiß, Christoph, Rafat Al Afif, Tobias Pröll, Christoph Pfeifer, Christian Weinberger, and Gregor Tondl. “Validation of a Fluidized Bed Thermogravimetric Method with Integrated Gas Analysis for CO2 Capture by Activated Hydrochar from Pistachio Shells.” <i>Discover Applied Sciences</i>, 2026. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-026-09061-7\">https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-026-09061-7</a>."},"publication":"Discover Applied Sciences","abstract":[{"text":"Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of pistachio shells was performed in a high-pressure batch reactor at 200 °C for 2 h, yielding a carbon-enriched hydrochar. Elemental analysis shows an increase in carbon mass fraction from 44.76 % to 54.09 % and a decrease in atomic O/C and H/C ratios, confirming carbonization as visualized in a Van Krevelen diagram. The hydrochar was chemically activated by potassium hydroxide (KOH) impregnation and thermal treatment, yielding 16–28 wt.% activated hydrochar. Adsorption isotherms were determined in a thermogravimetric, fluidized-bed reactor using a stepwise CO2 concentration program limited to 50 vol.% CO2 in N2 (0–5–10–25–50–0 vol.% CO2 at 100 kPa total pressure). The setup was extended by integrating online gas analysis to provide an independent, time-resolved mass-balance cross-check. Validation was performed using Lewatit VP OC 1065 by an internal Langmuir parity check and comparison with literature-based Toth model representations; gas analysis is demonstrated using a representative low-concentration step and by comparing Langmuir models derived from gas-based versus gravimetric loadings at 50 °C. For activated hydrochar, equilibrium points were obtained up to 50 vol.% CO2 (pCO2 ≈ 50 kPa) and show decreasing loading with increasing temperature. For literature comparison and indicative saturation reporting, isotherm fits were extrapolated to pure CO2 at 100 kPa: the maximum loading derived from the raw weighing signal was 1.84 mmol/g; after buoyancy correction, the corresponding value is 1.45 mmol/g.","lang":"eng"}],"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","_id":"66282","language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"user_id":"11848","doi":"10.1007/s42452-026-09061-7","publication_identifier":{"issn":["3004-9261"]},"author":[{"full_name":"Kroiß, Christoph","last_name":"Kroiß","first_name":"Christoph"},{"first_name":"Rafat","last_name":"Al Afif","full_name":"Al Afif, Rafat"},{"first_name":"Tobias","last_name":"Pröll","full_name":"Pröll, Tobias"},{"first_name":"Christoph","last_name":"Pfeifer","full_name":"Pfeifer, Christoph"},{"first_name":"Christian","last_name":"Weinberger","full_name":"Weinberger, Christian","id":"11848"},{"full_name":"Tondl, Gregor","last_name":"Tondl","first_name":"Gregor"}],"year":"2026","title":"Validation of a fluidized bed thermogravimetric method with integrated gas analysis for CO2 capture by activated hydrochar from pistachio shells","status":"public","article_type":"original","publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2026-07-06T11:34:03Z"}