article published general Sven Krome author 57245 Gunter Kullmer author 291 Deborah Weiß author Tobias Duffe author Richard Ostwald author 1068760000-0003-2147-8444 9 department 952 department 321 department TRR 285 - Project Area B project TRR 285 - Subproject B04 project TRR 285: Methodenentwicklung zur mechanischen Fügbarkeit in wandlungsfähigen Prozessketten project <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>The service life of fatigue-loaded components that already contain manufacturing‑induced microcracks is primarily governed by the direction and the rate of fatigue-crack growth. When multiple loading components (e.g., tension, compression, shear) act simultaneously but not in temporal synchrony, out‑of‑phase mixed‑mode conditions occur. Such loadings are typical for automotive chassis parts and mechanically joined sheet‑metal assemblies. For optimized design of structural components, the crack kinking angle that occurs under mixed‑mode loading must be predicted as accurately as possible. At present, however, this is still challenging for out‑of‑phase loading conditions. To investigate the associated crack kinking behavior, a novel Compact‑Tension‑Shear‑Mini (CTSM) specimen was developed, enabling controlled generation of plane out-of-phase mixed-mode loading states. Experiments were performed under various combinations of cyclic and static mode I and mode II load components and compared with the analytical predictions of the Out-of-Phase Mixed-Mode (OMM) concept. The measured crack kinking angles showed very good agreement with the predicted values, with mean deviations of only a few degrees, demonstrating the validity and reproducibility of the approach. These findings confirm the applicability of the OMM concept for describing fatigue‑crack propagation under non‑proportional mixed‑mode loading and provide a basis for fatigue‑life assessment of clinched joints and other cyclic multi-axially loaded components.</jats:p> Springer Science and Business Media LLC2026 eng 2731-656410.1007/s44245-026-00236-5 51 Krome, Sven, et al. “Experimental Determination of Kinking Angles with Out-of-Phase Mixed-Mode Loading by Means of a Novel Specimen Geometry.” <i>Discover Mechanical Engineering</i>, vol. 5, no. 1, 113, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2026, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s44245-026-00236-5">10.1007/s44245-026-00236-5</a>. Krome S, Kullmer G, Weiß D, Duffe T, Ostwald R. Experimental determination of kinking angles with out-of-phase mixed-mode loading by means of a novel specimen geometry. <i>Discover Mechanical Engineering</i>. 2026;5(1). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s44245-026-00236-5">10.1007/s44245-026-00236-5</a> @article{Krome_Kullmer_Weiß_Duffe_Ostwald_2026, title={Experimental determination of kinking angles with out-of-phase mixed-mode loading by means of a novel specimen geometry}, volume={5}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s44245-026-00236-5">10.1007/s44245-026-00236-5</a>}, number={1113}, journal={Discover Mechanical Engineering}, publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Krome, Sven and Kullmer, Gunter and Weiß, Deborah and Duffe, Tobias and Ostwald, Richard}, year={2026} } Krome, S., Kullmer, G., Weiß, D., Duffe, T., &#38; Ostwald, R. (2026). Experimental determination of kinking angles with out-of-phase mixed-mode loading by means of a novel specimen geometry. <i>Discover Mechanical Engineering</i>, <i>5</i>(1), Article 113. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s44245-026-00236-5">https://doi.org/10.1007/s44245-026-00236-5</a> S. Krome, G. Kullmer, D. Weiß, T. Duffe, and R. Ostwald, “Experimental determination of kinking angles with out-of-phase mixed-mode loading by means of a novel specimen geometry,” <i>Discover Mechanical Engineering</i>, vol. 5, no. 1, Art. no. 113, 2026, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s44245-026-00236-5">10.1007/s44245-026-00236-5</a>. Krome, Sven, Gunter Kullmer, Deborah Weiß, Tobias Duffe, and Richard Ostwald. “Experimental Determination of Kinking Angles with Out-of-Phase Mixed-Mode Loading by Means of a Novel Specimen Geometry.” <i>Discover Mechanical Engineering</i> 5, no. 1 (2026). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s44245-026-00236-5">https://doi.org/10.1007/s44245-026-00236-5</a>. S. Krome, G. Kullmer, D. Weiß, T. Duffe, R. Ostwald, Discover Mechanical Engineering 5 (2026). 664572026-07-13T11:41:47Z2026-08-06T10:07:30Z