---
_id: '66457'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: "<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\r\n                  <jats:p>The service
    life of fatigue-loaded components that already contain manufacturing‑induced microcracks
    is primarily governed by the direction and the rate of fatigue-crack growth. When
    multiple loading components (e.g., tension, compression, shear) act simultaneously
    but not in temporal synchrony, out‑of‑phase mixed‑mode conditions occur. Such
    loadings are typical for automotive chassis parts and mechanically joined sheet‑metal
    assemblies. For optimized design of structural components, the crack kinking angle
    that occurs under mixed‑mode loading must be predicted as accurately as possible.
    At present, however, this is still challenging for out‑of‑phase loading conditions.
    To investigate the associated crack kinking behavior, a novel Compact‑Tension‑Shear‑Mini
    (CTSM) specimen was developed, enabling controlled generation of plane out-of-phase
    mixed-mode loading states. Experiments were performed under various combinations
    of cyclic and static mode I and mode II load components and compared with the
    analytical predictions of the Out-of-Phase Mixed-Mode (OMM) concept. The measured
    crack kinking angles showed very good agreement with the predicted values, with
    mean deviations of only a few degrees, demonstrating the validity and reproducibility
    of the approach. These findings confirm the applicability of the OMM concept for
    describing fatigue‑crack propagation under non‑proportional mixed‑mode loading
    and provide a basis for fatigue‑life assessment of clinched joints and other cyclic
    multi-axially loaded components.</jats:p>"
article_number: '113'
author:
- first_name: Sven
  full_name: Krome, Sven
  id: '57245'
  last_name: Krome
- first_name: Gunter
  full_name: Kullmer, Gunter
  id: '291'
  last_name: Kullmer
- first_name: Deborah
  full_name: Weiß, Deborah
  last_name: Weiß
- first_name: Tobias
  full_name: Duffe, Tobias
  last_name: Duffe
- first_name: Richard
  full_name: Ostwald, Richard
  id: '106876'
  last_name: Ostwald
  orcid: 0000-0003-2147-8444
citation:
  ama: Krome S, Kullmer G, Weiß D, Duffe T, Ostwald R. Experimental determination
    of kinking angles with out-of-phase mixed-mode loading by means of a novel specimen
    geometry. <i>Discover Mechanical Engineering</i>. 2026;5(1). doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s44245-026-00236-5">10.1007/s44245-026-00236-5</a>
  apa: Krome, S., Kullmer, G., Weiß, D., Duffe, T., &#38; Ostwald, R. (2026). Experimental
    determination of kinking angles with out-of-phase mixed-mode loading by means
    of a novel specimen geometry. <i>Discover Mechanical Engineering</i>, <i>5</i>(1),
    Article 113. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s44245-026-00236-5">https://doi.org/10.1007/s44245-026-00236-5</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Krome_Kullmer_Weiß_Duffe_Ostwald_2026, title={Experimental determination
    of kinking angles with out-of-phase mixed-mode loading by means of a novel specimen
    geometry}, volume={5}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s44245-026-00236-5">10.1007/s44245-026-00236-5</a>},
    number={1113}, journal={Discover Mechanical Engineering}, publisher={Springer
    Science and Business Media LLC}, author={Krome, Sven and Kullmer, Gunter and Weiß,
    Deborah and Duffe, Tobias and Ostwald, Richard}, year={2026} }'
  chicago: Krome, Sven, Gunter Kullmer, Deborah Weiß, Tobias Duffe, and Richard Ostwald.
    “Experimental Determination of Kinking Angles with Out-of-Phase Mixed-Mode Loading
    by Means of a Novel Specimen Geometry.” <i>Discover Mechanical Engineering</i>
    5, no. 1 (2026). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s44245-026-00236-5">https://doi.org/10.1007/s44245-026-00236-5</a>.
  ieee: 'S. Krome, G. Kullmer, D. Weiß, T. Duffe, and R. Ostwald, “Experimental determination
    of kinking angles with out-of-phase mixed-mode loading by means of a novel specimen
    geometry,” <i>Discover Mechanical Engineering</i>, vol. 5, no. 1, Art. no. 113,
    2026, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s44245-026-00236-5">10.1007/s44245-026-00236-5</a>.'
  mla: Krome, Sven, et al. “Experimental Determination of Kinking Angles with Out-of-Phase
    Mixed-Mode Loading by Means of a Novel Specimen Geometry.” <i>Discover Mechanical
    Engineering</i>, vol. 5, no. 1, 113, Springer Science and Business Media LLC,
    2026, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s44245-026-00236-5">10.1007/s44245-026-00236-5</a>.
  short: S. Krome, G. Kullmer, D. Weiß, T. Duffe, R. Ostwald, Discover Mechanical
    Engineering 5 (2026).
date_created: 2026-07-13T11:41:47Z
date_updated: 2026-08-06T10:07:30Z
department:
- _id: '9'
- _id: '952'
- _id: '321'
doi: 10.1007/s44245-026-00236-5
intvolume: '         5'
issue: '1'
language:
- iso: eng
popular_science: '1'
project:
- _id: '132'
  name: TRR 285 - Project Area B
- _id: '143'
  name: TRR 285 - Subproject B04
- _id: '130'
  name: 'TRR 285:  Methodenentwicklung zur mechanischen Fügbarkeit in wandlungsfähigen
    Prozessketten'
publication: Discover Mechanical Engineering
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 2731-6564
publication_status: published
publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
status: public
title: Experimental determination of kinking angles with out-of-phase mixed-mode loading
  by means of a novel specimen geometry
type: journal_article
user_id: '85414'
volume: 5
year: '2026'
...