---
_id: '66632'
abstract:
- lang: eng
  text: Three‐dimensional (3D) assemblies of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) offer a rich
    platform for plasmonic coupling and near‐field engineering, yet their optical
    behavior is often complex due to structural disorder and fabrication‐induced variability.
    Here, we present a systematic optical investigation of large‐scale 3D AuNP assemblies
    fabricated via meniscus‐guided assembly, focusing on the reproducibility, spatial
    uniformity, and mode evolution of their plasmonic responses. Spatially‐resolved
    dark‐field scattering measurements reveal that high‐aspect‐ratio AuNP pillars
    exhibit uniform scattering spectra along their height and across different pillars,
    despite variations in geometry and structure. Electromagnetic simulations suggest
    that this robustness arises from a collective many‐particle plasmonic response
    that remains optically active despite structural perturbations. The corresponding
    near‐field and surface‐charge distributions remain spatially distributed under
    representative structural perturbations, consistent with volumetric averaging
    across the three‐dimensional assembly. Building on this robust platform, we introduce
    compositional modulation through a core–satellite architecture by incorporating
    smaller AuNPs. This yields a composition‐dependent spectral redistribution, including
    the emergence of an additional long‐wavelength spectral feature in the core–satellite
    assemblies. Wavelength‐dependent surface‐enhanced Raman scattering measurements
    reveal contrasting responses under 633 and 785 nm excitation, reflecting redistribution
    of local plasmonic coupling pathways. These results provide process‐enabled guidelines
    for using meniscus‐guided 3D‐nanoprinting to realize robust nanoparticle assemblies.
article_number: e71686
article_type: original
author:
- first_name: Vasanthan
  full_name: Devaraj, Vasanthan
  id: '103814'
  last_name: Devaraj
- first_name: Sunghyun
  full_name: Kwak, Sunghyun
  last_name: Kwak
- first_name: Hyeongjip
  full_name: Kim, Hyeongjip
  last_name: Kim
- first_name: Sang‐Keun
  full_name: Sung, Sang‐Keun
  last_name: Sung
- first_name: Jong‐Min
  full_name: Lee, Jong‐Min
  last_name: Lee
- first_name: Thomas
  full_name: Zentgraf, Thomas
  id: '30525'
  last_name: Zentgraf
  orcid: 0000-0002-8662-1101
- first_name: Won‐Geun
  full_name: Kim, Won‐Geun
  last_name: Kim
citation:
  ama: Devaraj V, Kwak S, Kim H, et al. Spatially Uniform and Defect‐Tolerant Plasmonic
    Responses in 3D Printed Gold Nanoparticle Assemblies. <i>Laser &#38;amp; Photonics
    Reviews</i>. Published online 2026. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.71686">10.1002/lpor.71686</a>
  apa: Devaraj, V., Kwak, S., Kim, H., Sung, S., Lee, J., Zentgraf, T., &#38; Kim,
    W. (2026). Spatially Uniform and Defect‐Tolerant Plasmonic Responses in 3D Printed
    Gold Nanoparticle Assemblies. <i>Laser &#38;amp; Photonics Reviews</i>, Article
    e71686. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.71686">https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.71686</a>
  bibtex: '@article{Devaraj_Kwak_Kim_Sung_Lee_Zentgraf_Kim_2026, title={Spatially
    Uniform and Defect‐Tolerant Plasmonic Responses in 3D Printed Gold Nanoparticle
    Assemblies}, DOI={<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.71686">10.1002/lpor.71686</a>},
    number={e71686}, journal={Laser &#38;amp; Photonics Reviews}, publisher={Wiley},
    author={Devaraj, Vasanthan and Kwak, Sunghyun and Kim, Hyeongjip and Sung, Sang‐Keun
    and Lee, Jong‐Min and Zentgraf, Thomas and Kim, Won‐Geun}, year={2026} }'
  chicago: Devaraj, Vasanthan, Sunghyun Kwak, Hyeongjip Kim, Sang‐Keun Sung, Jong‐Min
    Lee, Thomas Zentgraf, and Won‐Geun Kim. “Spatially Uniform and Defect‐Tolerant
    Plasmonic Responses in 3D Printed Gold Nanoparticle Assemblies.” <i>Laser &#38;amp;
    Photonics Reviews</i>, 2026. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.71686">https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.71686</a>.
  ieee: 'V. Devaraj <i>et al.</i>, “Spatially Uniform and Defect‐Tolerant Plasmonic
    Responses in 3D Printed Gold Nanoparticle Assemblies,” <i>Laser &#38;amp; Photonics
    Reviews</i>, Art. no. e71686, 2026, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.71686">10.1002/lpor.71686</a>.'
  mla: Devaraj, Vasanthan, et al. “Spatially Uniform and Defect‐Tolerant Plasmonic
    Responses in 3D Printed Gold Nanoparticle Assemblies.” <i>Laser &#38;amp; Photonics
    Reviews</i>, e71686, Wiley, 2026, doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/lpor.71686">10.1002/lpor.71686</a>.
  short: V. Devaraj, S. Kwak, H. Kim, S. Sung, J. Lee, T. Zentgraf, W. Kim, Laser
    &#38;amp; Photonics Reviews (2026).
date_created: 2026-08-03T06:43:03Z
date_updated: 2026-08-03T06:45:01Z
department:
- _id: '15'
- _id: '230'
- _id: '289'
- _id: '623'
doi: 10.1002/lpor.71686
language:
- iso: eng
main_file_link:
- open_access: '1'
  url: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/lpor.71686
oa: '1'
publication: Laser &amp; Photonics Reviews
publication_identifier:
  issn:
  - 1863-8880
  - 1863-8899
publication_status: published
publisher: Wiley
quality_controlled: '1'
status: public
title: Spatially Uniform and Defect‐Tolerant Plasmonic Responses in 3D Printed Gold
  Nanoparticle Assemblies
type: journal_article
user_id: '30525'
year: '2026'
...