@article{66944,
  abstract     = {{The comprehensive description of both the electrical transport along conductive domain walls in lithium niobate single crystals and the charge injection at the interfacing metal electrodes, emerged to be a complex challenge. Recently, a heuristic evaluation allowed to postulate the “𝑅⁢2⁢𝐷⁢2
” equivalent-circuit model (consisting of two parallel resistor-diode pairs) to appropriately match the dc current-voltage (I-V) characteristics. Here, we carefully revisit the interfacial electrical behavior, i.e., the diode part of the equivalent circuit model, since many more processes beyond the diode-related electron hopping transport (HT) assumed so far, may concurrently occur, such as thermionic emission (TE), Fowler-Nordheim tunneling (FNT), space-charge limited conduction (SCLC), and others. The “𝑅⁢2⁢𝐷⁢2
” model thus needs to be generalized into an “𝑅⁢2⁢𝑋⁢2
” circuit model (with 𝑋
= HT, TE, FNT, SCLC, and others) to fit to the experimental data. Moreover, to check for the best I-V curve fitting to the different theories, we apply a higher-harmonic DW current-contribution analysis, i.e., an ac I-V inspection, that allows us to discriminate between all these possible models with much higher precision than from pure dc I-V curve fitting. Both the ac and dc analysis yield consistent results, finding that the FNT model accounts best for the domain-wall/electrode junctions investigated here.}},
  author       = {{Zahn, Manuel and Beyreuther, Elke and Kiseleva, Iuliia and Ratzenberger, Julius and Rüsing, Michael and Eng, Lukas M.}},
  issn         = {{2469-9950}},
  journal      = {{Physical Review B}},
  number       = {{4}},
  publisher    = {{American Physical Society (APS)}},
  title        = {{{Domain-wall/metal-electrode injection barrier in lithium niobate: Fowler-Nordheim tunneling fits best}}},
  doi          = {{10.1103/3q26-4c3g}},
  volume       = {{114}},
  year         = {{2026}},
}