{"language":[{"iso":"eng"}],"article_number":"045406","doi":"10.1103/3q26-4c3g","publication_identifier":{"issn":["2469-9950","2469-9969"]},"author":[{"last_name":"Zahn","first_name":"Manuel","full_name":"Zahn, Manuel"},{"full_name":"Beyreuther, Elke","last_name":"Beyreuther","first_name":"Elke"},{"first_name":"Iuliia","last_name":"Kiseleva","full_name":"Kiseleva, Iuliia"},{"first_name":"Julius","last_name":"Ratzenberger","full_name":"Ratzenberger, Julius"},{"id":"22501","last_name":"Rüsing","orcid":"0000-0003-4682-4577","first_name":"Michael","full_name":"Rüsing, Michael"},{"first_name":"Lukas M.","last_name":"Eng","full_name":"Eng, Lukas M."}],"year":"2026","title":"Domain-wall/metal-electrode injection barrier in lithium niobate: Fowler-Nordheim tunneling fits best","article_type":"original","intvolume":"       114","publication_status":"published","date_updated":"2026-09-02T12:05:53Z","date_created":"2026-09-02T12:05:22Z","type":"journal_article","issue":"4","publication":"Physical Review B","abstract":[{"text":"The comprehensive description of both the electrical transport along conductive domain walls in lithium niobate single crystals and the charge injection at the interfacing metal electrodes, emerged to be a complex challenge. Recently, a heuristic evaluation allowed to postulate the “𝑅⁢2⁢𝐷⁢2\r\n” equivalent-circuit model (consisting of two parallel resistor-diode pairs) to appropriately match the dc current-voltage (I-V) characteristics. Here, we carefully revisit the interfacial electrical behavior, i.e., the diode part of the equivalent circuit model, since many more processes beyond the diode-related electron hopping transport (HT) assumed so far, may concurrently occur, such as thermionic emission (TE), Fowler-Nordheim tunneling (FNT), space-charge limited conduction (SCLC), and others. The “𝑅⁢2⁢𝐷⁢2\r\n” model thus needs to be generalized into an “𝑅⁢2⁢𝑋⁢2\r\n” circuit model (with 𝑋\r\n= HT, TE, FNT, SCLC, and others) to fit to the experimental data. Moreover, to check for the best I-V curve fitting to the different theories, we apply a higher-harmonic DW current-contribution analysis, i.e., an ac I-V inspection, that allows us to discriminate between all these possible models with much higher precision than from pure dc I-V curve fitting. Both the ac and dc analysis yield consistent results, finding that the FNT model accounts best for the domain-wall/electrode junctions investigated here.","lang":"eng"}],"publisher":"American Physical Society (APS)","_id":"66944","volume":114,"user_id":"22501","status":"public","citation":{"mla":"Zahn, Manuel, et al. “Domain-Wall/Metal-Electrode Injection Barrier in Lithium Niobate: Fowler-Nordheim Tunneling Fits Best.” <i>Physical Review B</i>, vol. 114, no. 4, 045406, American Physical Society (APS), 2026, doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/3q26-4c3g\">10.1103/3q26-4c3g</a>.","bibtex":"@article{Zahn_Beyreuther_Kiseleva_Ratzenberger_Rüsing_Eng_2026, title={Domain-wall/metal-electrode injection barrier in lithium niobate: Fowler-Nordheim tunneling fits best}, volume={114}, DOI={<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/3q26-4c3g\">10.1103/3q26-4c3g</a>}, number={4045406}, journal={Physical Review B}, publisher={American Physical Society (APS)}, author={Zahn, Manuel and Beyreuther, Elke and Kiseleva, Iuliia and Ratzenberger, Julius and Rüsing, Michael and Eng, Lukas M.}, year={2026} }","ama":"Zahn M, Beyreuther E, Kiseleva I, Ratzenberger J, Rüsing M, Eng LM. Domain-wall/metal-electrode injection barrier in lithium niobate: Fowler-Nordheim tunneling fits best. <i>Physical Review B</i>. 2026;114(4). doi:<a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/3q26-4c3g\">10.1103/3q26-4c3g</a>","ieee":"M. Zahn, E. Beyreuther, I. Kiseleva, J. Ratzenberger, M. Rüsing, and L. M. Eng, “Domain-wall/metal-electrode injection barrier in lithium niobate: Fowler-Nordheim tunneling fits best,” <i>Physical Review B</i>, vol. 114, no. 4, Art. no. 045406, 2026, doi: <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/3q26-4c3g\">10.1103/3q26-4c3g</a>.","apa":"Zahn, M., Beyreuther, E., Kiseleva, I., Ratzenberger, J., Rüsing, M., &#38; Eng, L. M. (2026). Domain-wall/metal-electrode injection barrier in lithium niobate: Fowler-Nordheim tunneling fits best. <i>Physical Review B</i>, <i>114</i>(4), Article 045406. <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/3q26-4c3g\">https://doi.org/10.1103/3q26-4c3g</a>","short":"M. Zahn, E. Beyreuther, I. Kiseleva, J. Ratzenberger, M. Rüsing, L.M. Eng, Physical Review B 114 (2026).","chicago":"Zahn, Manuel, Elke Beyreuther, Iuliia Kiseleva, Julius Ratzenberger, Michael Rüsing, and Lukas M. Eng. “Domain-Wall/Metal-Electrode Injection Barrier in Lithium Niobate: Fowler-Nordheim Tunneling Fits Best.” <i>Physical Review B</i> 114, no. 4 (2026). <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.1103/3q26-4c3g\">https://doi.org/10.1103/3q26-4c3g</a>."},"quality_controlled":"1"}