---
res:
  bibo_abstract:
  - <jats:p>Diffractive neural networks (DNNs) are an emerging approach for the realization
    of photonic artificial intelligence, especially due to their suitability for machine-vision
    applications and high-dimensional photonic information processing at lower power
    consumption. However, incorporating optical nonlinear activation functions to
    make DNNs a feasible alternative to their electronic counterpart remains a challenge.
    Here, we investigate the inclusion of second-harmonic generation (SHG), as one
    of the simplest and most efficient types of optical nonlinearities, in DNNs. We
    numerically investigate the impact of SHG on the performance of classification
    tasks in an all-optical nonlinear DNN. Specifically, we investigate and discuss
    the essential requirements for an effective arrangement of a SHG activation in
    single and multilayer DNNs. We find that the performance, in terms of classification
    accuracy and class contrast, is affected strongly by the positioning of the SHG
    activation. Finally, we discuss and outline the constraints for including SHG
    in an experimental realization. Taking these constraints into account, we estimate
    the power-related efficiency of the nonlinear DNN system. Overall, our results
    provide a path towards implementing nonlinear DNNs using the SHG process.</jats:p>@eng
  bibo_authorlist:
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: M.
      foaf_name: Braasch, M.
      foaf_surname: Braasch
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: A.
      foaf_name: Kartashova, A.
      foaf_surname: Kartashova
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: S.
      foaf_name: Krasikov, S.
      foaf_surname: Krasikov
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: E.
      foaf_name: Goi, E.
      foaf_surname: Goi
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: T.
      foaf_name: Pertsch, T.
      foaf_surname: Pertsch
  - foaf_Person:
      foaf_givenName: S.
      foaf_name: Saravi, S.
      foaf_surname: Saravi
  bibo_doi: 10.1364/oe.592467
  bibo_issue: '19'
  bibo_volume: 34
  dct_date: 2026^xs_gYear
  dct_isPartOf:
  - http://id.crossref.org/issn/1094-4087
  dct_language: eng
  dct_publisher: Optica Publishing Group@
  dct_title: Second-harmonic generation for enhancing the performance of diffractive
    neural networks@
...